nanuli azikuri

yonaRoba kavkasiaSi

termini `yonaRi" Turquli warmoSobisaa. misi sawyisi mniSvnelobaa

stumari. sadReisod misi Sinaarsi gafarToebulia da aRniSnavs sxvadasxva
gvar-tomobisa da sarwmunoebis warmomadgenelTa megobrul urTierT-
damokidebulebas, romelTac, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi gamomuSavebuli da
adaTiT ganmtkicebuli saxalxo etiketi erTimeoris winaSe sruliad
garkveul valdebulebebs akisrebs. yonaRoba, rogorc sazogadoebrivi yofis
damaxasiaTebeli movlena, sakmaodaa gavrcelebuli da damkvidrebuli
kavkasiaSi rogorc mTaSi, ise barSi1... specialist-eTnografebs igi
gvarovnul-Temobrivi wyobisTvis damaxasiaTebel movlenad miaCniaT (dse, t.
24, 1954), magram sazogadoebis garkveul fenebSi, Tumc Secvlili saxiT,
dResac inarCunebs aqtiur arsebobas. igi SeiZleba xelovnuri naTesaobis
uaRresad mtkice da faseul formad CaiTvalos.
rogorc eTnografiuli movlena, yonaRoba saTaves kavkasiaSi religiur
siwmindemdis amaRlebul stumar-maspinZlobis tradiciaSi iRebs. `yonaRi"
kavkasielisaTvis mis ojaxSi xSirad stumrad namyofi da misTvisac xSirad
namaspinZlari piria. stumar-maspinZloba ki Tavis arsebiT safuZvelSi
dakavSirebulia kavkasielTa, SeiZleba davazustoT, kavkasiis mTielTa
religiur rwmena-warmodgenebTan. stumari maspinZlis WerqveS xelSeuxebelia
TviT mosisxle mtrisTvisac imitom, rom mas icaven ojaxis mfarveli
RvTaebebi: `keris piris angelozi", `fuZis angelozi", `karis keTili
angelozi". ojaxs TavSefarebuli stumris winaaRmdeg iaraRis xmareba
xsenebul RvTaebaTa winaaRmdeg xelis aRmarTvad gaiazreba da am
danaSaulis Camdens Tavs daatydeba swored ojaxis mfarveli RvTaebebis
risxva. am konteqstSi ueWvelad unda gavixsenoT Cvens mTianeTSi Seuval
wesad damkvidrebuli tradicia, rom saTemo salocavis kvrivs
TavSefarebuli nadiri xelSeuxebelia monadirisaTvis, xolo mtrisagan
devnili mteri _ mdevrisaTvis. am tradiciis damrRvevs TviT Temi gauswo-
rebs angariSs, rac swored am RvTaebis risxvad gaiazreba. aseve icavs
stumris xelSeuxeblobas maspinZeli da amiT aRasrulebs Tavis
wmidaTawmida vals Tavisi ojaxis mfarveli angelozebis winaSe. ojaxis
kulti Tavis arsSi religiur kultebTanaa gaTanabrebuli.
qarTul folklorSi _ leqs-simRerebsa Tu legenda-gadmocemebSi,
agreTve mxatvrul literaturaSi, am movlenis amsaxvel uamrav magaliTs
vipoviT. gavixsenoT Tundac Siola RuduSaurisa da misi mkvlelis,
mTrexelis ambavi: mTrexelma mokla Siola da RuduSaurebisagan devnili
igi Tavs afarebs swored Siolas dis ojaxs. es ukanaskneli nebas ar
miscems Tavisive Zma-biZaSvilebs, rom misi Zmis mkvlels mis WerqveS
gausworon angariSi. igi icavs ojaxis, rogorc religiuri kultis
siwmindes. movigonoT agreTve vaJa fSavelas poemebSi aRwerili magaliTebi:
qiCiri, poemidan `sisxlisZieba", dauyovnebliv gaemarTeba im kacis
sapovnelad da masze Suris saZieblad, vinc mis saxlSi misi aryofnis
dros mokla ojaxis stumari alxasta. igi ipovis damnaSaves da dasjis mas
umkacresi sasjeliT _ Tavs mohkveTs. joyola ki poemidan `stumar-
maspinZeli", Tavis TanamoZme qistebs, romlebic Seaxseneben, rom stumari
misi Zmis mkvlelia, ase upasuxebs:
`dRes stumaria eg Cemi,
Tund zRva emarTos sisxlisa,
miTac me ver vuRalateb,
vficav RmerTs, qmnili imisa".
mosisxlis mimarT SurisZiebis aqti ojaxis WerqveS ar unda moxdes.
es ojaxis siwmindeebis Seuracxyofaa. stumari ojaxs mSvidobiT unda
gascildes da Tu is imsaxurebs da masze Surisgeba Tu moxdeba, aq ukve
maspinZeli ubraloa:

1
saqarTveloSi yonaRobis instituti mTis raWis magaliTze Seiswavla s.rexviaSvilma (s.rexviaSvili, 1973).
 `me gTxovT, gauSva, musao,
nu stanjav udierada,
roca gascdeba Cems ojaxs,
iq moepyariT avada".
stumar-maspinZloba Tumca safuZvelia, magram yonaRoba jer kidev araa,
sanam stumar-maspinZelTa Soris urTierTsimpatiebis safuZvelze
naTesaobrivi grZnobebi ar gaCndeba. ai maSin ki isini ukve ojaxebiT ukav-
Sirdebian erTmaneTs da erTimeoris Wirisa da lxinis moziareni xdebian.
Seikvrian Tumc xelovnuri, magram sisxlier naTesaobaze aranakleb mtkice
kavSiriT, naTesauri urTierTmovaleobebiTa da valdebulebebiT.
yonaRoba, rogorc socialuri movlena, ufro metad gavrcelebuli
iyo im xalxebSi, romelTac TavianTi specifiuri socialur-ekonomikuri
pirobebis gamo xSirad da xangrZlivad uxdeboda Tavisi Tem-soflis far-
glebis datoveba. yonaRuri urTierTobebiT erTmaneTs xSirad ukavSir-
debodnen kavkasionisqeds gadaRma da gadmoRma mezoblad mcxovrebi qarT-
veli da imierkavkasieli tomebis warmomadgenlebi: svaneT-raWa-leCxumelebi,
erTis mxriv, da adiRelebi, yabardoelebi, osebi, meore mxriv; mTiul-
moxeveebi, erTis mxriv, da osebi da RilRvelni (inguSebi), meores mxriv;
fSavel-xevsurni, erTis mxriv, da qist-RilRvelni (CeCen-inguSebi), meores
mxriv; TuSebi, erTis mxriv da qist-lekni (CeCnebi da daRestnelebi),
meores mxriv; TuS-kaxelni, erTis mxriv da azerbaijanelni da daRestnelebi,
meores mxriv.
SemTxveviTi arc isaa, rom yonaRobas upiratesad adgili sxvadasxva
sarwmunoebis warmomadgenlebs Soris aqvs. erTi religiuri aRmsareblobis
warmomadgenelni erTmaneTTan naTesaur kavSirs naTel-mironis (naTlioba-
naTlimamobis) meSveobiTac amyarebdnen. sxvadasxva sarwmunoebis
warmomadgenlebs Soris danaTesavebis survilis realizaciis erTaderT
gzad ki swored yonaRoba rCeboda da rCeba.
rogorc cnobilia, yonaRebi erTimeores bavSvebs aZlevdnen aR-
sazrdelad, rasac mTis raWaSi `sxvisSvilad gabarebas" etyodnen. aRniSnuli
wesi miznad isaxavda naTesauri urTierTobis ganmtkicebas, mezobel
mTielTa enebis Seswavlas, xalxTa daaxloebas Semdgomi urTierTobis
gasaadvileblad (rexviaSvili, 1973, gv.90, 97). ase izrdebodnen aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mecxvareobiT dawinaurebul kuTxeTa bavSvebi azerbaijanel
yonaRTa ojaxebSi, imaTgan ki _ piriqiT, isini momavali `moeneebi" iyvnen.
yonaRur urTierTobebSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavi da xazgasasmelia
saocrad faqizi da frTxili, mokrZalebuli damokidebuleba erTimeoris
religiuri mrwamsis mimarT. es gansakuTrebiT igrZnoboda bavSvebis
aRzrdis dros. aRsazrdelad wayvanil bavSvs ar aviwyebdnen Tavis rjuls,
enas, zne-Cveulebas, ar mihyavdaT meCeTSi, ar aswavlidnen locvebs
(rexviaSvili, 1973, gv.103).
dayonaRebuli ojaxebi metad guluxvni iyvnen erTimeoris mimarT da
erTmaneTTan Zvirfasi saCuqrebiT stumrobdnen. yonaRs evaleboda yonaRis
dacva. mas ufleba hqonda monawileoba mieRo yonaRis ojaxuri problemebis
gadawyvetaSi. devnis SemTxvevaSi yonaRi ifarebda yonaRis ojaxs da Tveebis
ganmavlobaSi isini erT ojaxad cxovrobdnen devnili yonaRis upiratesi
pativiscemiT.
mTels yonaRur urTierTobebSi yvelaze metad sagulisxmoa is, rom
Tavis umemkvidro yonaRs yonaRi Tavis RviZl Svils aZlevda memkvidred da
amisi araerTi magaliTia cnobili. Cven mier kaxeTSi Cawerili masalis
mixedviT kardenaxelma qarTvelma daRestnel lek yonaRs Tavisi umcrosi
vaJiSvili misca memkvidred. lekma gazarda bavSvi Tavis aulSi, ar daaviwya
mSobliuri ena, rjuli, naTesaoba da xSirad stumrobdnen kardenaxSi.
daojaxebis dro rom mouvida mamis saxlSi miiyvana, qarTvel qaliSvilze
daaqorwila, magram es ukanaskneli ar wayva daRestanSi qmars da
iZulebuli gaxda vaJic aqve darCeniliyo, magram metwilad Tavis
gamzrdelebTan iyo da maT patronobda. maTac Zalian bunebrivad miiRes
rZlis survili.
cnobilia aseTi faqtic: SemTxveviT Camovardnili mtrobis dros
sisxlis asaRebad da SurissaZieblad yonaRi yonaRs Svils ugzavnis.
metismeti mwuxarebis niSnad is Svils wiravs. sofel TivSi Cawerili ma-
salis mixedviT lek yonaRs SemTxveviT Tofi gauvarda da Semoakvda Tavisi
kaxeli yonaRis mcirewlovani Svili. wavida leki Tavis qveyanaSi da Tavis
yonaRs sisxlis wil Tavisi ori vaJiSvili gamougzavna. kaxelma orive vaJi
gazarda rogorc Svilebi da roca srulwlovanni gaxdnen erTi TviTon
daitova memkvidred, erTi ki mamas gaugzavna lekeTSi (masala mogvawoda
nana omaraSvilma).
qarTul enaSi, mis sxvadasxva dialeqtSi es movlena ramdenime gansx-
vavebuli terminiT aRiniSneba: raWa-leCxum-svaneTSi _ `kerZi", `kerZoba".
igi Tavis etimologiur dasabams Zveli qarTulis `kerZo" (-ken)
TandebulSi unda iRebdes, romelic Zvelive qarTulis mogviano ZeglebSi
`kerZi", `kerZni" saxeladaa transformirebuli, rac Tanmxlebs, momxres,
mxardamWers aRniSnavs. swored misi momxre, misi mxardamWeri, misi
mfarvelia yonaRi _ kerZi raWvelisa da leCxumelisaTvis ucxotomelTa
miwaze mogzaurobisa da cxovrebis dros; xevsurisaTvis yonaRoba `stumar-
maspinZlobaa". aq momxdara zogadi saxelis dakonkreteba _ terminizacia.
TuSisaTvis qisti da leki yonaRi `Zmobilia", xolo azerbaijanelis mimarT
terminad swored `yonaRi" ixmareba. `yonaRia" lekic da TaTaric
kaxelisaTvis. aq saqme gvaqvs sityvis etimologiur da terminologiur
mxareTa TanxvedrasTan. aseTi SeiZleba iyos am movlenis lingvisturi
gaazreba qarTul enobriv sinamdvileSi.
`yonaRoba" xalxTa urTierTobis is progresuli formaa, romelic
jansaRi kavSiris Zafebs abamda da abams sarwmunoebrivi Tu tomobrivi SuR-
liT gaTiSuli xalxebis warmomadgenlebs Soris. igi sakralur sawyisebzea
aRmocenebuli, SemdgomSi adamianuri urTierTmegobruli damokidebulebis
wadilis grZnobiT SeduRabebuli da mtkice safuZvels qmnis maTi
mSvidobiani TanacxovrebisaTvis.

damowmebuli literatura

1. dse, 1954 _ Большая советская энциклопедия, т.24, II изд., М., 1954.

2. s.rexviaSvili, 1973 _ s.rexviaSvili, qarTvel da Crdilokavkasiel
mTielTa urTierToba XIX-XX saukuneebSi (kerZoobis instituti raWaSi.
eTnografiuli masalebis mixedviT), ist.mecn.kandidatis samecniero
xarisxis mosapoveblad wardgenili disertacia, xelnaweri, Tb., 1973.

Nanuli Azikuri

"q̝onaγoba" in the Caucasus

Summary

The social phenomenon of " q̝onaγoba" is discussed in the article. Of is spread in mountains, as well
as in plains in fhe Caucasus. " q̝onaγoba" means the kinship between familes of different nationalities and
faiths.
This phenomenon takes its origin from the tradition of hospitality and is deeply bound to religious
beliefses connected with sacred hearth and its holy proector.