BIOLOGY EXAMINATION 2008

SOLUTIONS DRAFT 1
QUESTION BOOKLET 1
SECTION A
1
J
2
L
3
J
4
L
5
M
6
K
7
L

8
9
10
11
12
13
14

K
K
J
M
M
L
M

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15
16
17
18
19
20
21

J
K
K
M
L
M
L

22
23
24
25

K
M
J
J

SECTION B: Short Answers

BOOKLET 1 (Questions 26 to 30)
26 (a) phospholipid (2); lipid (1)
-1 spelling

(2)

(b) active transport (2)

active (1)
(c) Explain (2+2):
active transport requires energy/ATP

(2)
(8)

(2)

less aerobic respiration means less energy/ATP

(1)

therefore reduced rate of active transport

(1)

(4)

27. (a) glucose (2) monosaccharide (1)

-1 spelling

(2)

(b) mitotic cell division (2)

mitosis (2)
(2)
-1 spelling
(14)

(c) more susceptible to changing environment (2)

(2)
(d) use restriction enzyme (2)
(4)
same one used to remove the selected gene (2)
(e) Explain (2+2):
(4)
any reasonable response

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28 (a) Sum of all the genes of all the individuals in a population

(2)
(b) (i) Unable to produce fertile offspring (2)
Different numbers of chromosomes (2)

(2)

(b) (ii) temporal (2)

different niches (2)

(2)

physiologically incompatible (2)

(14)

(c) Explain (1+1+1+1):

subjected to different environments (1)
different selection pressures (1)
(4)
natural selection (1)
reproductive isolation (1)
(d) DNA or protein sequence (2) or DNA-DNA hybridisation (2)
more similar = more closely related (2)

(4)

29 (a) Vasodilation: increases the rate of heat loss (2)

Inhibition of shivering: decreases the rate of heat gain (2)

(4)
(8)

(b) Benefit: e.g. less/no pain is felt during operation (2)

Harmful effect: e.g. loss of consciousness may be irreversible (2)

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(4)

30 (a) correct axes

axes fully labelled
appropriate scale
accurate plots
lines of best fit
lines labelled

(6)

(b) Temperature
(2)
(c) e.g. temperature affects the action of the enzymes Ecowash BB and Addcool
OR
Ecowash BB has an optimum temp of approx 55C

(16)
(2)

(d) (i) e.g. slow movement of enzyme and substrate molecules (2)
(2)
(d) (ii) e.g. enzymes are denatured (2)
(2)
(e) 35C
(2)

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SECTION B: Short Answers

BOOKLET 2 (Questions 31 to 35)
31(a) Trend (2) (more water consumed more dilute urine/ lower urea conc)
Reference to data (2)
Quantitatively or qualitatively

(4)

(b) Person A reabsorbed a lower % of water consumed more water excreted

Person B reabsorbed a higher % of water consumed less water excreted

(4)

Relative amount/% water reabsorbed is different (2)

Less water reabsorbed/more water excreted means a more dilute urine (2)

(12)

(c) Weakness in the design: limited sample size (2)

Explanation: - aberrations will skew results
- random error effects not minimised

(4)

Cant be averaged

32 (a) T replaced by U in RNA

single strand base sequence
ribose replaced by deoxyribose in DNA

SUGAR
# STRANDS
T/U
SIZE

(2)

(b) U C C G
(2)
(c) As mRNA must bind to tRNA (base pairs), these sites are now blocked

(8)

i.e mRNA sections can no longer bind with other strands (2)
(STRANDS BIND (2))
cannot be translated (2) (role/effect)

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(4)

33 (a) Single circular DNA with no histones (SIMPLE chromosomes)

Simple structure lacking organisation

(2)

Fossils?
(b) Evidence: chloroplasts/mitochondria (2)

(6)

Explanation: (2)
These organelles have
own (circular)DNA
different inner/outer membranes
own ribosomes

(4)

34 (a) (As dams fill and silt succession) - stated

Dams create
new environmental conditions (2),
which favour different species in ecosystem,
and so species composition changes (2)

(4)

(b) Break down dead (organic) matter and/or recycle nutrients

(2)
(c) 602 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O
(2)

1 formulae
1 balance
(d) Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates (2)

(4)

These CHOs are stored as plant tissue (2)

(16)

(e) Beavers = dams decomposition of dead trees CO2 as trees alive to

photosynthesise and remove CO2 from air
DAMS
LIVE TREES
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CO2

(2)

OR
(4)
DAMS
Decomposition aerobic
CO2
Consistent ideas
Reduced CO2 (2)
Either by trees (1) photosynthesis (1)
Or by decomposers (respiration) due to dams (1)
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(2)

35 (a) External factor:

nutrients
contact inhibition
hormones
cells touching

(2)

effect of factor (promote or inhibit cell division)

(2)

(4)

Role:

(b) Conc. of olomucine linked to cell division (1)

past tense = 1
not a question

(2)

(c) Continously dividing/clones

Rapidly dividing cells

(2)

Uncontrolled cell division

(d) Factor 1: Temp/nutrient levels (1)
Factor 2: Moisture, pH growth factor conc. etc. (1)

(2)

(e) (i) Checkpoint G2: increases in levels of BOTH cyclin and MPF
Checkpoint M: increase in MPF to peak and then DECREASE in both cyclin and
MPF and it passes M

(4)

(ii) Stops production of MPF (2) by

cell cant proceed past (2)

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(4)

(18)

Section C: Extended-Response Questions (30 marks)

Extended-response questions: (marks allocated against the criteria)
communication
More than half a page, structured in the form of sentences and paragraphs. (1 mark)

Uses correct grammar and spelling. Spelling emphasis placed terms in the curriculum statement. (1 mark)

Clearly and concisely explains concepts using relevant biological language. (1 mark)

36.

The well-being of an ecological community is dependent on its level of productivity and the
continued survival and reproduction of it organisms.
Describe:
How energy is captured and made available to organisms in a community; (4 marks)
Captured
photosynthesis (by producers) + description of process, equation, chloroplasts
Available by eating (1) ?? then respiration

how two factors could influence the productivity of the community; (4 marks)

Productivity
definition = in biomass
temperature rate of photosynthesis
resources light, nutrients
list only = 1

two processes that occur in sexually reproducing organisms and that provide the genetic variation
necessary for their continued survival and reproduction; (4 marks)

Processes
crossing over
independent assortment
fertilisation
mutation

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37.

Human stem cells have the potential to develop into a range of different cell types. One of the uses of
cell culture could be to grow stem cells that are stimulated into making functional human tissues and
organs.

Describe the conditions that would be necessary to grow human cells in cell culture;

(4 marks)

Conditions
hormones
pH
temp
nutrients
growth factors
sterile
anchorage
suitable medium

Using examples, describe the hierarchical structure within multicellular organisms;

(4 marks)

Hierarchy
cells tissues organs systems
definitions only (2)
maximum 2 examples (2)

Explain how genetically identical human stem cells could develop into different human tissues and
organs.
(4 marks)

Differentiation
differentiation - process
diff genes turned on
mitosis no. of cells forms
examples of stem cells differentiating into diff. types
identical genetic info differentiate (1)
specialised cells result (1)
Note: can be (4) for differentiation or (2) and (2) mitosis

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