Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2010
AS Chemistry:
Relative isotopic mass:
The mass of an atom of the isotope of an element compared with the mass of 1/12
of a 12C atom.
Relative atomic mass:
The average mass of an atom of an element compared with the mass of 1/12 of a 12C atom.
Relative molecular mass:
The average mass of a molecule (or formula unit) of a compound compared with 1/12 of an atom of 12C.
It is the sum of the relative atomic masses of the elements in the compound.
Mole:
It is the chemists unit of amount of a substance. It is defined as that amount which contains as many particles (eg, in
the case of an element it would be atoms, in the case of an organic compound it would be molecules and in the case of
an inorganic compound it would be ions) as there are atoms in 12g of the carbon-12 isotope (ie, 6.02 x 1023 ).
Molar mass:
The mass in grams of one mole of the substance.
First ionisation energy:
The energy change per mole for the process: E(g)
E+(g) + e-
e-
E (g)
A2 Chemistry:
For A2 you will need to remember the following in addition to those you learnt for AS.
Deprotonation:
This is a chemical change in which a group loses a proton. It is usually applied to the effect of hydroxide ions on hydrated complex ions. eg,
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + OH- (aq)
Ligand exchange:
This is the process where one type of ligand, in a complex ion, is replaced by another. eg,
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4NH3 (aq)
Precipitation reaction:
This is the reaction of two soluble salts to give one soluble and one insoluble salt. eg,
BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)
BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
H2SO4
base
conjugate acid
conjugate base
H 2O
H 3O +
HSO4-
Condensation polymerisation:
This is a reaction between two different types of molecule to give a polymer accompanied by the loss of a small
molecule such as water or hydrogen chloride. eg, the formation of nylon 6,6 from reaction between hexane-1,6diamine and hexanedioyl dichloride; in this case HCl is lost in the polymerisation.
Fingerprint region:
This is the region of the infra-red spectrum of a substance between approximately 900 cm-1 and 1500 cm-1 where
the pattern of the peaks is characteristic of that compound. The origin of all the peaks, in this region, may not be
known.