ID

tu
1

Abatement cost

nghia
Chi ph kim sot; chi ph
chng ( nhim)

2
3

Ability and earnings

Ability to pay

Nng lc v thu nhp

Kh nng chi tr.

4
5

Ability to pay theory

Abnormal profits

L thuyt v kh nng chi

tr
Li nhun d thng

Abscissa

Honh

Absenteeism

Trn vic, s ngh lm

khng c l do

Absentee landlord
Absolute advantage

a ch (ch bt ng sn)
cch bit
Li th tuyt i.

11
12

Absolute cost
advantage
Absolute income
hypothesis
Absolute monopoly

Li th nh ph tn tuyt
i.
Gi thuyt thu nhp tuyt
i.
c quyn tuyt i.

13
14
15

Absolute prices
Absolute scarcity
Absolute value

Gi tuyt i.
Khan him tuyt i .
Gi tr tuyt i.

16

Absorption approach

Phng php hp thu.

17
18

Abstinence
Accelerated
depreciation

Nhn chi tiu.

Khu hao nhanh, khu hao
gia tc.

19
20

Accelerating inflation
Accelerator

Lm pht gia tc.

Gia s

21
22

Accelerator coefficient
Accelerator effect

H s gia tc.
Hiu ng gia tc.

23

Accelerator principle

Nguyn l gia tc.

24

Acceptance

chp nhn thanh ton.

8
9

10

giaithich
Chi ph lm gim s kh chu nh nhim hay tc ng.
Thc o v kh nng v trnh (hc vn) c tng quan
cht ch vi nhau, lm tng kh nng l phn ln li tc c
c tnh do gio dc trn thc t cng chnh l li tc do nng
lc
Mt l thuyt v cch nh thu theo gnh nng v thu
nn c phn b theo kh nng chi tr; v mt h thng thu
kiu lu tin, t l hay lu thoi, tu thuc vo thc o c
s dng v dc gi nh ca th tho dng bin ca thu
nhp.
Xem SUPER-NORMAL PROFITS
Gi tr trn trc honh (trc X) ca mt im trn th hai
chiu.
S ngh lm, mc d cc iu khon ca hp ng lao ng
yu cu ngi lao ng phi i lm v hp ng vn cn gi
tr.
Ngi ch s hu t hoc nh sng mt ni xa bt ng
sn ca mnh, thu tin thu v qun l vic kinh doanh ca
mnh thng qua trung gian hay ngi i din.
Xem Comparative Advantage.
Mt khi nim cp ti nhng li th ca cc hng thit
lp, v th cc hng ny c th duy tr chi ph trung bnh thp
hn so vi cc hng mi nhp ngnh khng ph thuc vo
mc sn lng. (Xem Barriers to entry)
Gi thuyt ny cho rng cc chi ph cho tiu dng (C) l mt
hm s ca thu nhp kh dng ca c nhn (Yd): C = C (Yd).
Xem Monopoly.
Gi o bng tin ngc vi vi gi tng i. l gi ca
cc hng ho, dch v c biu din trc tip di dng s
lng ca n v tin t. Xem Price
Xem Scarcity
Gi tr ca mt bin b qua du ca n.
Phng php phn tch tc ng ca s ph gi hoc gim t
gi hi oi ca mt nc i vi cn cn thng mi.
Mt thut ng miu t s cn thit gim bt tiu dng hin ti
tch lu t bn.
Xem DEPRECIATION
S tng vt t l lm pht. Nu chnh ph c gi t l tht
nghip di mc t l tht nghip t nhin th vic s dn
ti lm pht gia tc.
Xem Accelerator principle.
Mt bi s theo u t mi s tng ln khi c s thay i v
sn lng.
Nguyn l cho rng mc u t rng ph thuc vo mc thay
i d kin v sn lng.
Hnh vi chp nhn mt hi phiu do c nhn hay c quan
nhn hi phiu thc hin, bao gm k hi phiu v thng k
trn mt hi phiu.

Mt trong s cc NGN HNG THNG MI c tr s ti

London, vi mc ch thu tin hoa hng ngn hng ny nhn
tr cc hi phiu, ngha l chp nhn thanh ton chng khi o
hn.
S lng nhng ngi thu mi mi thng tnh theo t l phn
trm tng s vic lm do B lao ng M thng k.
Thu nh vo qu tng v ti sn tha k.
Mt m hnh l thuyt c s dng (ch yu) trong phn tch
a im dn c cc vng th, gii thch cc hnh thi v tr
do nh i gia kh nng tip cn ca mt a im ti trung
tm ca vng v khng gian ca a im .

25

Accepting house

Ngn hng nhn tr.

26
27

Accesion rate
Accesions tax

T l gia tng lao ng.

Thu qu tng.
M hnh nh i khng
gian hay m hnh tip cn.

29

Access/space trade - off

model
Accommodating
monetary policy

30

Accommodation
transactions

Cc giao dch iu tit.

31

Account

Ti khon.

32

Accrued expenses

Chi ph pht sinh (tnh

trc).

33
34

Achieving Society, the.

Across-the-board tariff
changes

X hi thnh t.
Thay i thu quan ng
lot.

35

Action lag

tr ca hnh ng.

36
37
38

Active balance
Activity analysis
Activity rate

39
40

Adaptive expectation
Adding up problem
Additional worker
hypothesis

D nghch.
Phn tch hot ng.
T l lao ng.
K vng thch nghi; k vng
phng theo
Vn cng tng.
Gi thuyt cng nhn thm
vo.

Xem VALIDATED INFLATION

Trong CN CN THANH TON, mt loi giao dch t bn do
CC C QUAN TIN T p dng hoc iu hnh lm i
trng li tnh trng tn dng hoc tnh trng n nn ny sinh
trong cc GIAO DCH T NH.
1.Mt ghi chp giao dch gia hai bn giao dch c th l hai b
phn ca mt doanh nghip v l yu t c bn trong tt c
cc h thng giao dch kinh doanh. 2.Cc giai on, thng l
hai tun, theo nm kinh doanh ca S CHNG KHON
LONDON c chia ra v qua cc giai on ny, vic thanh
ton cc giao dch tr giao dch chng khon vin vng c
tin hnh.
Thng mc trong ti khon ca mt cng ty c ghi nh
mt khon n ca cc dch v s dng nhng cha c
thanh ton.
y l tiu ca mt cun sch do gio s David C. Mc.
Clelland ca trng i hc Harvard (Princeton, NJ, 1962)
xut bn, trong ng nh ngha khi nim ng c thnh t
o ngh tng tng v mc ca cc tng mi m
ng coi l nhn cch cn thit i vi cc CH DOANH
NGHIP v v vy c ngha i vi S PHT TRIN KINH
T.
Mt tnh hung khi tt c thu quan ca mt nc c tng
hoc gim theo t l phn trm ngang bng.
Mc tr gia vic quyt nh mt chnh sch (c bit trong
kinh t hc v m) v vic thc hin chnh sch .
Trong l thuyt tin t, mt vi m hnh gi thit chia mt cung
ng tin t thnh D NGHCH, l tin d tr c a
vo quay vng trong cc thi k c xc nh bi cc khong
thi gian gia cc k thanh ton, v NGHCH NHN RI l
tin d tr khng c s dng thanh ton thng xuyn.
Xem LINEAR PROGRAMMING.
Xem LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE.
S hnh thnh k vng v gi tr tng lai ca mt bin s ch
da trn cc gi tr trc ca bin lin quan.
Xem EULER'S THEREM
Theo lp lun ny, thu nhp thc t ca gia nh gim trong
thi k suy thoi theo chu k s gy ra HIU NG THU NHP.

Quy tc cng.

Mt quy tc xc nh O HM ca mt hm i vi mt
bin s, trong hm ny bao gm php cng tuyn tnh ca
2 hm ring bit hoc nhiu hn tr ln ca cc bin.

28

41

42

Addition rule

Chnh sch tin t iu tit.

43

44
45

46
47

Additive utility function

Address principle
Adjustable peg regime

Adjustable peg system

Adjustment cost

Hm tho dng ph tr.

Nguyn l a ch.
Ch iu chnh hn ch.

H thng neo t gi hi oi
c th iu chnh.
Chi ph iu chnh sn xut.

48

Adjustment lag

tr iu chnh.

49

Adjustment process

Qu trnh iu chnh

50

Administered prices

Cc mc gi b qun ch.

51

Administrative lag

tr do hnh chnh

52

Advalorem tax

Thu theo gi tr.

53

Advance

Tin ng trc.

54

Advance Corporation
Tax (ACT)

Thu doanh nghip ng

trc.

55

Advance refunding

56
57

Advanced countries
Adverse balance

58

Adverse selection

Hon tr trc.
Cc nc pht trin, cc
nc i u.
Cn cn thm ht.
La chn tri ; La chn
theo hng bt li.

59

Advertising

Qung co.

60

Advertising - sale ratio

61

AFL-CIO

T l doanh s-qung co.

Xem AMERICAN
FEDERATION OF LABOR.

Mt dng hm tho dng : U=Ua +Ub+Uc . Trong U l

tho dng a,b,c ;a hng ho thay th trong cc h thng chi
tiu tuyn tnh, cc nhm hng ho ny khng th thay th cho
nhau.
Trong nn kinh t K HOCH HO nh Lin X trc y,
mi mc tiu chin lc u c mt t chc hoc "a ch" chu
trch nhim thc hin mc tiu
H thng ny c qu tin t quc t (IMF) a ra ti hi
ngh Bretton Woods v cp n mt b T GI HI OI
C NH hay c "neo" m v c bn l c nh nhng cho
php iu chnh hoc thay i vi lng nh theo c 2 hng.
Thi gian cn thit mt bin, v d nh DUNG LNG
VN, iu chnh theo nhng thay i trong cc yu t quyt
nh ca n. (Xem PARTIAL ADJUSTMENT, CAPITAL STOCK
ADJUSTMENT PRINCIPLE).
Thut ng chung ch cc c ch iu chnh hot ng trong
nn kinh t th gii nhm loi b nhng mt cn i trong
thanh ton vi nc ngoi. Nhng c ch lin quan n BN
V VNG, CH BN V HI OI, THA S NGOI
THNG, T GI HI OI TH NI.
Cc mc gi c hnh thnh do quyt nh c thc ca c
nhn hay hng no ch khng phi do cc yu t tc ng
ca th trng.
Mt trong nhng tr v thi gian nh hng n hiu lc
ca mt CHNH SCH TIN T. l khong thi gian t lc
cc c quan c thm quyn nhn thy cn c hnh ng n
khi tin hnh thc s hnh ng .
Mt loi thu da trn gi tr giao dch. thng l t l phn
trm khi gi bn l, s, hay qu trnh sn xut, v l dng ph
bin ca THU DOANH THU.
Mt khon vay hoc da vo lung tin xc nh hoc d
kin. (Xem BANK LOAN).
L mt khon ng trc THU DOANH NGHIP v c ghi
vo ti khon bn n ca doanh nghip i vi loi thu ny.
l mt phng tin c th thu thu doanh nghip sm
hn.
K THUT QUN L CNG N mi c chnh ph lin
bang, cc chnh quyn a phng v tiu bang ca M s
dng.

THM HT CN CN THANH TON.

Vn gp phi trong nghnh bo him.
Hot ng ca mt hng nhm thc y vic bn sn phm
ca mnh, mc tiu chnh l tng s lng ngi tiu dng
thch nhng sn phm ca hng hn nhng hng khc.
T l chi ph qung co ca cc hng trn tng doanh thu bn
hng.