Flow Monitoring Data Analysis

Prepared By
Thomas Romza E.I.

Overview
Data Management
Calibration
Editing

Flow Analysis
Dry-weather
Wet-weather
Conclusions

Model Inputs

Data Management
Goal: Accurate Flow Data
Raw
Data

Calibrations

Final
Processed
Data

Bad Raw + Bad Cals = Bad Data

Bad Raw + Good Cals = OK Data
Good Raw + Good Cals = GREAT Data

Installation, Calibration, Operation, and Maintenance

Data Management

Calibration Is Important to
Ensure Meter Reads Accurately
Flow is calculated from the meter
readings of depth (converted into
flow area) and velocity
If meter isnt accurate in either
parameter the flow can be falsely
high or low

V
Q

Flow Meters Are AV (AreaVelocity) Meters

Q = Flow = A x V

Data Management
Raw Data - Depth
Inaccuracies in the meter
Drifting readings

Velocity

Ultra
Pressure
Flow

Data Management
Depth Importance
10 pipe @ 2 fps

D = 2.5 in

A = 15.4 in2

.5 depth difference

Q = 0.14 mgd

25% FLOW
DIFFERENCE

A = 19.8 in2

Q = 0.18 mgd

D = 3 in

Data Management
Raw Data - Velocity
Peak Velocity vs. Average Velocity
Peak = 1.2
Average = 1.1
Factor = 0.86

2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0

Peak = 2.0
Average = 1.7
Factor = 0.85

Data Management
Velocity Importance
10 pipe @ 3 in depth

V = 1.5 fps

A = 19.8 in2

Q = 0.13 mgd

.3 fps velocity difference

20% FLOW
DIFFERENCE

A = 19.8 in2

Q = 0.16 mgd

V = 1.8 fps

Data Management
~At least 4-5 throughout the
duration of the metering period!
Multi-point Profile

Depth

Velocity Profile

Data Management
Depth Correction (+0.5)

Field Offset (-0.5)

Data Management
Raw

Final

Data Management
Raw

Peak Flow (unadjusted)

1.5 MGD 30% Reduction of Project Scale
Peak Flow (adjusted)

Installation, Calibration, Operation, and Maintenance

Data Management

WHY???
Raw Meter Data

Inaccurate Flow

Inaccurate
Inaccurate
Inaccurate
Inaccurate

DW Baseline
WW Results
Model Inputs
RECOMMENDATIONS

Inaccurate Flow Detrimental to

post rehab monitoring

Flow Analysis
Trying to Find Correlation Between Rain and Flow
Dry-Weather Flow Analysis (DWF)
Important to have a span of days without rain so that the water
table settles
Baseline Flow
for the rest of
analysis
Diurnal Curves

Flow Analysis Diurnal Curve

Diurnal Peak Flow
~ 1.8 mgd
Average Dry Weather
Flow ~ 1.4 mgd

Diurnal Low Flow

Trough Flow ~ 0.8 mgd

Flow Analysis - DWF

Diurnal Variations Can Yield Conclusions about the System
Low diurnal peaking factor (1.8 Peak to 1.4 Ave ~ 1.3 PF)
High trough to ADWF percentage (.8 trough to 1.4 Ave ~ 57%)

Manhole
Joints

Manhole
Cracks

Lateral
Cracks
Mainline
Joints

Pipe Seals
Mainline
Cracks

Break-in Taps

Lateral
Joints

Flow Analysis - DWF

Population Equivalent
Census Data
Generally about 70
gal/capita/day
High flow/capita
means:

Basin

Discrete
ADWF

WHL-01
WHL-02 + 02A
WHL-03
WHL-04
WHL-05
WHL-06
WHL-07
WHL-08
WHL-09
WHL-10
WHL-10A
WHL-11
WHL-11A**
WHL-12
WHL-13
WHL-14
WHL-15
WHL-16
WHL-17

(mgd)
0.299
0.170
0.173
0.438
0.255
0.190
0.245
0.073
0.244
0.316
3.183
0.697
0.003
0.467
0.065
0.134
0.239
0.184
0.190

Non-residential area
OR high ground water
infiltration

Estimated
Population
(census
3900
2587
1120
3332
2472
1013
2380
256
3414
4852
N/A
3814
0
239
2671
2978
1249
118
1090

Average Flow
(Typical 70 gal)

Basin Characteristics

(gal/capita/day)
77
66
155
131
103
188
103
287
72
65
N/A
183
N/A
1956
24
45
191
1560
175

Residential
Residential
50% Businesses
50% Business
Middle School
25% Business
40% Business
75% Business
Residential
Residential
N/A
High School
Overflow Meter
100% Business
Multi Family Units
Residential
67% Business
100% Airport/Business
75% Business

Flow Analysis - DWF

Unique Situations

Flow Diversions
Lift Stations
Snow Melt
Swimming Pools Draining
Sporting Events
Holidays
Black Friday @ Woodfield

Installation, Calibration, Operation, and Maintenance

DWF Analysis

WHY???
Raw Meter Data
Accurate Flow

Inaccurate DW Baseline
Inaccurate WW Results
Inaccurate Model Inputs
Inaccurate RECOMMENDATIONS

Inaccurate Baseline Dampen or

exaggerate peaking factors from
wet-weather flow

Flow Analysis - Rain

Rain Data Analysis

Flow Analysis - Rain

Rain Data Weighting
Inverse Squared
Distance method
Apportion rain to
basins according to
distance from rain
gauge to basin
centroid

12% RG-01
88% RG-02
43% RG-01
57% RG-02

82% RG-01
18% RG-02
88% RG-01
12% RG-02

Flow Analysis - WWF

Wet-Weather Analysis
Rain Derived Infiltration and Inflow (RDII)

Flow Analysis - WWF

Wet-Weather
Analysis
Excess Flow vs. Rain
Predict for larger
rain events
Peaking Factors
Excess Flow vs.
DWF
Predict for larger
rain events

Observed PF of ~ 3.0

Flow Analysis - WWF

Downstream Control and Capacity Issues

Hydrographs
Increase in depth and decrease in velocity
Constant/decreasing flow
Downstream Control
Max Flow of
~2.75 MGD

Flow Analysis - WWF

Downstream Control and Capacity Issues
Scattergraphs
Mannings Curve
Iso-Q lines`
ISO-Q Lines

Mannings Curve

Installation, Calibration, Operation, and Maintenance

WWF Analysis

WHY???
Raw Meter Data
Accurate Flow
Accurate DW Baseline

Inaccurate WW Results
Inaccurate Model Inputs
Inaccurate RECOMMENDATIONS

Inaccurate WW Results Incorrect

priority basins and quantification.
Focus on the wrong areas.

Flow Analysis Model Inputs/RTK Analysis

RTK Method Is an Empirical Way to Duplicate Collected
Flow Data with Inputs and Constants
Model Input

What Is RTK?
Not an Acronym
Unit Hydrograph (UH) method to represent the
relationship between rain and flow
Atomizes rainfall-derived infiltration and inflow (RDII)
response into UH described by R, T, and K
Reconstitutes UH into model by applying a rainfall
distribution to UH

What Is RTK?
R = Percent Rainfall
Capture

T-Component

K-Component
(K T)

T = Time to Peak
K = Receding Limb
Multiplier
R-Component

RTK Unit Hydrographs

3 Components of RDII:
Fast (1)
Medium (2)
Slow (3)

RTK Analysis

RTK Analysis Applied to a Rainfall Distribution

RTK Analysis Application

Over-prediction
due to DS control

Installation, Calibration, Operation, and Maintenance

Model Inputs and RTK Analysis

WHY???

Raw Meter Data

Accurate Flow
Accurate DW Baseline
Accurate WW Results

Inaccurate Model Inputs

Inaccurate RECOMMENDATIONS

Inaccurate RTK
Storage Calculation
Wet-weather extremes in the model

Flow Analysis Summary

Data Handling
Accurate flow data from depth
and Velocity

DWF Analysis
Baseline Flow
ADWF factors Trough % and
Diurnal Peak

WWF Analysis
Correlations between rain and
excess flow
Peaking Factors
Infiltration vs. Inflow
Downstream Control and
capacity issues

RTK Parameters

Flow Analysis Results

Recommendations

DWF - Is there need for base flow reduction?

High Infiltration?

Diurnal PF and Trough %

High flow per capita

WWF Is there need for capacity improvements,

storage, or I/I reduction?
Basin Peaking Factors
Capacity of sewers
Downstream Control

Model Inputs
DWF

ADWF and Diurnal Variation

WWF

Basin Size and RTK Parameters

Installation, Calibration, Operation, and Maintenance

FLOW DATA MANAGEMENT & ANALYSIS

WHY???

Raw Meter Data

Accurate Flow
Accurate Baseline
Accurate Results
Accurate Model Inputs

ACCURATE Recommendations

Questions?