ISIRI

2800
3st.revision

Islamic Republic of Iran

Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran

Seismic resistant design of buildings - Code

of practice

2800

31585-163 :

14155-6139 : :

0261-2806031-8 :

021-8879461-5 :

021- 8887080-8887103 0261-2808114 :

0261-2807045 : 0261-2807045 :

Standard @ isiri.or.ir :

20000 :

Headquarters :Institute Of Standards And Industrial Research Of IRAN

P.O.Box:

31585-163 Karaj IRAN

Tel.(Karaj):

0098 (261) 2806031-8

Fax.(Karaj):

0098 (261) 2808114

Central Office :
P.O.Box:

Southern corner of Vanak square , Tehran

14155-6139 Tehran - IRAN

Tel.(Tehran):

0098(21)8879461-5

Fax.(Tehran):

0098 (21) 8887080,8887103

Email:

Standard @ isiri.or.ir

Price:

20000RLS




) ( .

.

: .

) ( .

.
)) ((5
.


.


.
.



.

.

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

)(

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

)(

) (

) (

)(

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

11

13

14

15

10

16

16

17

17

17

11

18

1-11

18

1-1-11

18

2-1-11

19

2-11

19

12

19

1-12

20

2-12

20

3-12

20

4-12

21

5-12

22

13

23

 1-13

23

2-13

25

3-13

26

1-3-13 V

26

2-3-13

27

3-3-13 A

28

4-3-13 B

29

5-3-13

30

6-3-13 T

31

7-3-13 I

33

8-3-13 R

34

36

36

9-3-13

39

10-3-13

40

11-3-13

41

12-3-13

42

4-13
1-4-13

43
44

44

45

45

2-4-13

47

47

47

48

49

49

49

 3-4-13

50

50

51

5-13

51

6-13 P -

53

7-13

55

8-13

55

9-13

57

10-13

58

11-13

59

12-13

59

13-13

61

14-13

62

15-13 -

64

14

65

1-14

65

2-14

65

3-14

66

4-14

68

5-14 ) - -(

69

6-3

70

7-14 ) (

72

8-14

73

9-14

73

1-9-14

73

2-9-14

75

3-9-14

79

10-14

80

11-14

81

 1-11-14

81

2-11-14

81

3-11-14

82

83

83

84

4-11-14

84

5-11-14

85

12-14

85

13-14

86

87

108

: )

127

(
:

138

: P -

143

150


1367 .


121 84/4/26
3
1371 .


.
.

.
:
1- UBC, 1997 : Uniform building cod
2- IBC, 2000 : International building cod

1

:
:
.
: 2 10
3 10
.
: 1 10
.

50 .

50 99/5 .

 2
1-2
.

2-2 :
- .

.
.

2-1-4-13
I R .
- .

.


.

3-2

.
.

3
.
/
.
.
/ /
.
:
1-3 )(
2-3

123

3- 3 :
4- 3

1375: 519

/ .
1-4 P-Delta Effect :P -

.

 2 -4 :

.
3-4 Base Shear :
.
4-4 Essential Facilities:
.
5-4 Story Shear :
.
6-4 Base :

.
7-4 Story Drift :
.
8-4Diaphragm :
.
.
9-4 Shear Wall :

.

 10-4Liquefaction :

.
11-4 : .

.
12-4 Bearing Wall System :
.
.
.
13-4 Building Frame System :

.
14-4 Dual System :

.

.
15-4 Horizontal Bracing System :
.

 16-4 Ductility :

.
17-4Story :
. i i .
18-4 Soft Story :
70 80
.
19-4 Weak Story :
80 .
20-4 Braced Frame :

.
21-4 Concentric Braced Frame :
.
22-4 Eccentric Braced Frame :

.
23-4 Moment Resisting Frame :
.

 24-4 Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame :

) (4-20 ) (
.
25-4 Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame :
.
26-4 Special Moment Resisting Frame :
.
27-4 Center of Rigidity :
)( ) (

.
28-4Strength :
.
29-4 Story Drift Ratio :
.
30-4 Lateral Force Resisting System :
.

1-5

2-5

3-5

4-5

5-5

6-5

BP

7-5

di

8-5

eaj

9-5

i j

eij

10-5

Fj

11-5

Fp

12-5

Fpi

13-5

Ft

14-5

Fv

15-5

16-5

17-5

Hm

hi

19-5

20-5

18-5

21-5

22-5

Mi

23-5

24-5

25-5

26-5

27-5

28-5

Ts

29-5

To

30-5

31-5

32-5

33-5

34-5

35-5

36-5

i .

37-5

38-5

) (

39-5

) (

Rv

Vmin
Vs

Vser
Vsi
W
Wi

wi
Wp

wp

 6
1-6
.
.
2-6 :

.
.
3-6

.
:
- .
- 20
10
.
(N1 ) 601
20.
4-6

1 (N1 ) 60 .

 .
.
5-6

.

7
1-7

. 3-9 .
2-7
.
3-7 1/5 .
4-7 .
5-7
.
6-7
.
7-7 .

 8-7
.

8
1-8
.
2-8

.
3-8
.
5 .
4-8
.
5-8
.
6-8
.
.
7-8 .
8-8
.

 9
1-9
.

.
2-9
.
3-9 1-7

.

R .
0/5 R
. R 8-3-13 .


.

10
:

-1


:


.

.

-2
:
- :
300
.
- :
.
-
: .

-3

:
.

-4

 :
-
.
- 2 .

11
:

1-11
.

1-1-11
-

.
25 .
- 20
.
- 50
50 .
-
.
- 20

2-1-11
-
50 .
- 70 80
.
.
- 80 .
.

.

2-11
1-11.

12
:

1-12
.

.

 2-12

.
) ( .
.
) (6 .

3-12

.

.
.
) (6 .

4-12
:
- .
-
.
.

 2-12 3-12
.
- 25 .
:1 30
100
30 .
:2

2-12 .
:3
2-12 .

5-12
1-12 4-12 .

.

 13
1-13
1-1-13
.
2-1-13
.
.
3-1-13
12-3-13 .
4-1-13 .

:
-
- .

. 30
.
.
:1 20
.

 :2 30
10-3-13
30 .
5-1-13
.
6-1-13
.
.
.
6-5-13 .

2-13
1-2-13
.
3-2 4-2 .
8-2 .
2-2-13 :
- 50
- 5 18
-
:
-1 .

 -2 .
-3 1/1
.
3-2-13
2-2-13 .

3-13

.

1-3-13 V

:

)(1-13

V=CW

:
:V . 2-3-13 .
:W
) (1 .
:C :
=C
:

ABI
R

 :A ) (g
:B .
:I
:R
3-3-13 8-3-13 .
V .
Vmin=/AIW

)(-

1

%20 *

-----

%20

20

20

40

60

100

*
.

2-3-13

.


.
.

3-3-13 A
)2
( . )( .

0/35

0/30

0/25

0/20

4-3-13 B
.
)-1 -1( :
0 T T0

)(-

T0

T0 T Ts
T Ts

( B=1+S
B=S+1

2
3

)/ T

Ts

( )B = (S+1

 :
:T . 6-3-13 .
TsT0 :S .
) (3 5-3-13 .

3 )(3-2

T0

Ts

0/1

0/4

1/5

1/5

II

0/1

0/5

1/5

1/5

III

0/15

0/7

1/75

1/75

IV

0/15

1/0

2/25

1/75

5-3-13
) (4 :

Vs

) (
750

- ) (

I

)- (
- ) (
375 Vs 750

30
- ) (

375 Vs 750

II

) ( .
- ) (

375 Vs 750

30
II

175 Vs 375

175 Vs 375

-
IV

175

- 6
20 40.

Vs 30
.
) (4-13 .
)(4-13

d i
) (d i / Vsi

= Vs

di Vsi .
30 .


Vsi
. Vs

.
) (4
.
6-3-13 T

.
-
-1 :
)(5-13

T=0/08H3/4

)(6-13

T=0/07H3/4

-2 :
T 80 .
-

)(7-13

T=0/05H3/4

 H
25 .
:1 T
) (8-13 1/25
.

)(8-13

n
n

T = 2 w ii2 g Fii

i=1
i=1

Fi i Fi .
) (9-13 Wi . 9-3-13 g
.

:2
0/5 Ig
Ig Ig . .
1/5 6-5-13 .

7-3-13 I
10 ) (5 :

1/4

1/2

1/0

0/8

8-3-13 R
1-8-3-13
.
8-8-3-13 9-8-3-13 ) (6 .
.
.
) (6 R
.
2-8-3-13 Hm ) (6
.
.

3-8-3-13
.

4-8-3-13 15 50
.
.

 5-8-3-13
10 .

.

6-8-3-13
30
5-8-3-13.

7-8-3-13
.

8-8-3-13

.

.

9-8-3-13
8-8

. ) (1

-2-2-13 ) (1 ) (2

:
(1
6-3-13

.
(2 :
-
.
-
.

.
6 R Hm
R

Hm
)(

-1

50

-2

50

-3

30

-4

15

-1

50

-2

50

-3

30

-4

15

-5 ][5

50

-6 ][1

50

-1 ][2

10

150

-2 ][2

50

-4 ][1

10

150

-5 ][5

50

-6 ] [3 ][4

11

200

70

- -3 ] [2 ][3

-1 ) ( +

-2 +

-3 +

70

- -4 +

10

150

-5 +

150

-6 +

70

-7 +

70

] [1 .
] [2

Lo 15 .
] [3
1 2 .
3 4 15 .

] [4
18 .
] [5 .
9-3-13
V 1-3-13
:
Wi h i

)(9-13

W h

) Fi = (V Ft

j=1

:
:Fi i
:Wi i ) (1
.
: hi i i
:n
:Ft n :
)(10-13

Ft= 0/07 TV

Ft 0/25 V T 0/7
.
: 25 Ft
Ft .
10-3-13
1-10-3-13 9-3-13

 2-10-3-13
.
.
2-10-3-13 i :
n

M i = (e ij + e aj )Fj

)(11-13

j=i

:
:eij j i j
i
: eaj j 3-10-3-13 .
:Fj j
.
3-10-3-13 eaj
.
5
. ) (1-1-11
Aj .
2

)(12-13
:
=max j
=ave j

1 Aj 3

max

A j =
1/2 ave

 4-10-3-13 5
5
.

11-3-13
.
.
- - 1/75 .
.
.
.

12-3-13
1-12-3-13
.
- .
-
.
.
- .

2-12-3-13 ) (13-13

.

FV=0/7AIWP

)(13-13
:
A I .
:WP

3-12-3-13 .
30 30
.
30 .
2 4-1-13 .

4-13

2-4-13 3-4-13 .
.
1-4-13 .
:
.
1-4-13
1-1-4-13
1 .

 .
2-1-4-13 3-1-4-13

4-1-4-13 .
.
3-2-13
.
- IV ) (4 .
- 50 IV .
- 50 -II -III 60
.

2-1-4-13
3-13
B : A
I

) (2-13 .

5 .

3-1-4-13

5
.

 . I

.
4-1-4-13
1-4-1-4-13
.

:
- :
.
-
.
- 10
.
.

.

2-4-1-4-13 :
- .
g.

 - 5
.
-
.
- 2 T
0/ 1/5 T .
1/4 T .
6-3-13.
- )(
.

2-4-13
1-2-4-13
.
. .
2-2-4-13 4-2-4-13 .

2-2-4-13

0/4 90
.
3-2-4-13


.
.
.

4-2-4-13
1-4-2-4-13
) (1-13
.
) (1-13 :
-
.
-
90
.
-
80
.

2-4-2-4-13

.
:

.
5-2-4-13
10-3-13 .

.
6-2-4-13

4-1-13 12-3-13
.
.
7-2-4-13

4-12 25

9-3-13 .

3-4-13
1-3-4-13
.
4-1-4-13 .

 .
.

4-1-4-13
.
.
2-3-4-13 3-3-4-13 .
2-3-4-13
1-2-3-4-13 5
.
2-2-3-4-13 4-2-4-2 -4-13
5-2 7-2-4-13 .
.

3-3-4-13
1-3-3-4-13
.
2-3-3-4-13
. 5 .
3-3-3-4-13
. .
-

 -
-

5-13
1-5-13
.
.
2-5-13
.
.
6-5-13 .
3-5-13
.
.
.
)(14-13
:
M

= 0.7R.

 4-5-13 .
P 6-13 .
0/7 0/025 <
0/02

0/7
M

P -.

) (1-13 T 1 -13
6-3 .
5-5-2
0/005 .

0/008 .
6-5-13
0/35 Ig 0/7 Ig
0/35 Ig 0/7 Ig .
1/5 P - .
6-13 P -

. P -
. i ) (15-13
. i .

)(15-13

P
i = w
Vh i

:
Pi

= i n

= wi i
=Vi i
=hi i
i max .
.
)(16-13

1/25
0/25
R

= max

P -

. )(
.
wi .
P - 5-13
:

)(17-13

wi
1 i

= wi

P - 6-13
:
)(18-13

Mi = 0.7 R wi

 7-13

.


.

8-13

:
Fp= ABpIwp
)(18-13

:
A I 3-3-13 7-3-13
.
:wp .
wp
.
Bp ) (7 .

 7 Bp

Bp

0/7

2/00

2/00

1/00

1/00

:1
15 519
.

9-13
1-9-13
.

. .
Wi

)(19-13

) (Ft + nj=i Fj
nj=i W j

= Fpi

:
Fpi i
Wi i .1-3-13

Fj

Fj ,

Wj

9-3-13

Fpi 0/35AI Wi 0/7AI Wi

.

) (19-13 .
2-9-13
.

.
)( .
3-9-13
.
.
4-9-13

.
.

10-13
1-8


.
) ( ) 2/8 ( ) + 0/8 (1/0
)(20-13

) ( ) 2/8 ( 0/85

.
.
1/7 .

11-13
5

3-5-13 . P - .

12-13
1-12-13

.
.
.


.

 2-12-13 8

8-13
.
:
-
3-5-13 1/5
.
-


.
-
.
- 1/33 8-13 .
- )(
4 8-13 .
-

.

 3-12-13 1-12-13 2-12-13

7-14

12-14 .

13-13
1-13-13 50 15
1
.
:
- .
-
.
- 5-5-13 .

2-13-13 3-13
A .
R .
.
)(21-13

1
ABIW
6

= Vser

W, I, B, A 1-3-13 .

14-13
1-14-13 ) (8
) (1-13 .

 - .

.
- 0/5
.
- R ) (8 .

B
R

0/5

.
- 0/06

B
R

0/5 .
- 9-3-13 13
4 . - 5-13

.

2-14-13
123 .

 8 R

4
5
6
7

.
.

.

.

R
3

4
4
5
3/5

15-13 -
519


.

.

 14
1-14

.


3-2-1 .
.

2-14
1-2-14 2
8 .
1/5 .
. .
2-2-14 ) ( 4
1-9-14
4 . 6
.
3-2-14


6-

1
12

1
10

1
15

3-14
1-3-14 :
( .
( .
( .
2-3-14 3
3-3-14 3-6
) (2 1-3-14.
.

2
3-3-14 )(3
.

)-3(

D
2

>d

)-3(

L
2

>l

.
4-3-14
.

4-14
1-4-14
:
( 1/20 1/50
.

12-3-13 .

(
:
1/00 .

.

.
2
2 .
1-2-9-14 2-2-9-14.
2-4-14
60
.
3-4-14

15 .

5-14 ) - -(
1-5-14
.
2-5-14 ) (6-14 :
1
( 3 .

1
( 2 .
2
( ) ( 3 75

.
1
2
( 3 6

.

.
( 2/5 .

.

6-14

.
1-6-14
) (9 .

20 .
.
.

%6

%4

%8

%6

%4

%10

%6

%12

%10

%6

%6

%5

%8

%8

%5

2-6-14 30
8 . .
20
1
6 .

.
3-6-14 2-14 .

7-14 ) (
1-7-14 40
6 .
1
6

.
.

 2-7-14 3/5 .
.
3-7-14
.

.
4-7-14 .
) (
. ) 6 (
. 1/5
.
5-7-14
.
.
4-7-14 .
.

8-14
1-8-14 10
20 50 90 .

.

 2-8-14 1/5

.
9-14
1-9-14
1-1-9-14 -
- :
( .
25
2
3 25 .

( .

12
20 20 .
10

.
.
2-1-9-14 :
10 12
180 .
4 . 35

 6
25 . 6
25
75 15
.
5
2/5 .
3-1-9-14
.
.
.
.
.
4-1-9-14

.

2-9-14
1-2-9-14 .
.

5 .

 20 .
10
. 50

) (1-11-14 .

.


.
2-2-9-14 10
12 . 4
.
6 . 20
75 15 .
2/5 .
3-2-9-14

.
30 .
4-2-9-14 1-2-9-14 )(4
) ( :
( .

( 60 120 .
( 25 6
.
( .
6 .
( .

 4
*
90 . . - ) 200 ( .

3-9-14

. :

(
.
(
.
( 5
.
( ) 9-14
(1 ) (2-9-14. 4-9-14 40
.

10-14
1-10-14 .
200
. )( 100 125
.
200 .
.

 2-10-14

.
.
3-10-14
.

.
.

.
4-10-14 12
10
.
.
5-10-14
. .

11-14
1-11-14

.

 -
-
.
.
2-11-14
) (
) (
. :
(
.
(

.
20 .


.
.
12 15
.
(
.

 3-11-14
:
1-3-11-14
( .
( 2-11-14 .
(
1/5
25 .
( .
.

2 .
(
14 .
2-3-11-14
( 2-11-14 .
( 5
6 25
.
( 4
10 . 2 10
.

(
1/5 .

3-3-11-14
( .
(
) (.
(
.

4-11-14
:
(

.
(

.
5-11-14
:
(
.

(
.
1/5
.

12-14
1-12-14

.


. 50
.
2-12-14
1-12-14 .

.

13-14
25
2-14 .
3
.




) (

)(

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

*
*
*
*
*

*
*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*
*

*
*

*
*
*

34

35

36

37

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

*
*

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

*
*
*
*
*
*
*

10

11

12

13

14

15

*
*
*
*

*
*

10

11

12

10

11

*
*
*
*
*

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

10

11

12

14

14

15

16

17

18

18

19

20

*
*
*
*
*

*
*

21

22

23

24

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

*
*
*
*

*
*

*
*
*

*
*

10

*
*

)(

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

*
*
*
*

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

*
*
*
*

*
*

*
*

)(

*
*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

*
*
*
*

*
*
*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

*
*
*

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

)(

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

10

11

12

13

14

*
*
*
*
*

15

16

17

18

19

20

*
*
*
*

10

11

12

13

14

*
*
*
*

*
*
*

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

*
*
*

*
*
*
*

*
*

*
*

10

11

12

13

14

)(

15

16

17

18

19

20

*
*

*
*
*

*
*
*

10

11

*
*




) (
1-
10
.
2-
1
) -1(
2 ) -1(
7 83
) -1(

)(

)(

)( 7 8
)( K

-1

1. X - bracing
2. Diagonal bracing
)3. Chevron bracing (V or Inverted V

 1k
) -1(.
:2 .
:3 .
:4 .
:5 ).(2

3-
:
= MPS
= PDL
= PE
= PLL
= PSC
= PST
= VS
= Z
= R

4-

1. K bracing
2. Joint
3. Connection
4. Beam or girder
5. Panel Zone

 1-4-
2-3-10
10 ) ( .
1/3 .

2-4- 1

:

MPS = ZFy

VS =0/55Fy dt
PSC =1/7FaA
PST = FyA

FyA

1/7

1/7

1. Member Strength

 10 .
.

5-
1-5-
10 .
)(
)( :
-
)(1

PDL+/PLL+/ PE PSC

:
)(2

/85PDL+/ PE PST

PDL PLL PE .
:
) fa ( 0/3 Fy
.

2-5-

)( )( 1-5 .
50 .

 90
.

3-5-
) (K
:
: .
: fa 0/4 Fy .
: ) Q ( 0/04

(P ) . S
V hs

=Q

= P
=S
=V
= h s

6- 1

) (1-7
0/4R
.

1. Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame

7- (SMRF) 1
1-7- :
: :
-
- .2 3 .
:
:
- 3
.
-

) 4 ( .

.
2 .
: :
.
.
125
.

1. Special Moment Resisting Frame

2. Panel Zone Shear
3. Flange Plate

 : : ) (Fu 1/3

) (Ae/Ag 1/1 Fy/Fu .

-2-7-
: .
1/85
0/8Mps
. :
)(3

3b c t 2
cf
V = 0/55Fy d c t 1 +
d bdct

:
= t .1
= d b
= d c
= b c
t
= ef

- tz :
) (4

tz (dz+wz)/ 90

1. Doubler Plates

 = dz ) (
= wz
tz
1 .
-

. 1/5
5 .
.

3-7-
10 .
bf /2tf

Fy = 2400kg/cm2

Fy

435 /

Fy

(.

9 .

=bf
=tf
=tp

1. Plug Weld

 4-7- 1
) (
Pbf 1-8-10
1/8 (btf) Fyb .

5-7-
:
)( 5

Z c (Fyc f a )/ Z b Fyb > 1/0

:
)(6

Fyc

Fyb

Z c (Fyc f a )/1/25 M pz > 1/0

f a >0 Z e Z b .
M pz

= ) (3 .

:
5 6 :
)( f a

Fy

0/4

.1-5
)( 50 .

6-7-

1. Continuity Plates

 .
96 ) ry ( .
8 .

7-7-

.

8-
1-8-
.
7
. 3-8
.

2-8-
:

5-8 .6-8-
:

Fy

6025 / -

 Fas
:
Fas=BFa

)(7

:
=Fa 10
=B :
)(8

1
Kl/r
1 +

2c c

=B

= c c 10
l K r .
:

70
.
: B 7
2/8 .
:
) ( 70
.

3-8-
:

 :
-1
2/ 8 -2
-3 .

.
:
:

)(9

*A e 1/2 F

Ag
Fu

:
= A e
*

= F -3-8 - .

= Fu
*
= F .

4-8-
: 8 7 K
8 7 K :
-1 1/5 .
-2 .
-3 8
.

 : .
- K

K . 5-8

5-8-
2-8- 4-8- 2/8R
1 2 .

6-8-
3-8-
.

9-

.
:
-1
.
-2
.
-3 38
.



) (
)(
-1-

.
.
:
* ) (
.
* .
*
.

. ) (
.



.
.

 2-

S a
)( . .

.

.

)
) (2-1-4-13 )
) (3-1-4-13 .

 T
S a .
) (2-1-4-13 S a .
:
:

1
ABI
R

= Sa

1
Sa = ABI
6

3-

.
.

.
3 .
2 ) .(3


) .(4

.


.


. .
) (
.

.
.

.

:
(1
.
(2 M n n :
M n = nT [M ] n

 n n :
1n
2
n

n = .
.

sn

1n

sn

1 k n

s=k
s=3k
] [M s s .
(3 n :
L n = nT [M ]r

ri r 1
.
n :
g

L2n
Mn

= wn

2-2-4-2
.
(4 n Tn
S an .
(5 n :
(1-5
L n Tn2
S an
M n 4 2

X n = n

 (2-5 i drift n
n :
in = x in x in1

(3-5
Ln
S an
Mn

..

X n = n

..

X n X n S S .
(4-5
..

f n = [M ] X n

(6 5 n
:
(1-6 i n
. 2 :
k

Vni = f nj
j= i

n j=1
Vn=Vn1

n :
Vnp = rpT f n

p 3 ) 2 1 (

rp

1 .

rp

r Ln Vn :
S an

L2n
Mn

= Vn

 Vn p .
Vn .
(2-6 n
. :
OM n = rPT [h ] f n

] [h :

r ]

h1

O
0
h2
h2
0
.
.

h 1

h=

[h ] = h 1 h 2 h 3 ...h k
OMn=[h] fn

) ( P-

.

4-
)
( .

.


.
) 1(SRSS . U
:
1
2

U = u 2n
n =1

u n n N .

:
) (Tn > Tm

Tm
0/67
Tn

=r

%5 Tn Tm n

m.

) 2(CQC .
.

2
nm u n u m

m = n +1
:
N

N -1
N
U = u 2n + 2
n =1
n =1

1. Square Root of Sum of Squares

2. Complete Quadratic Combination

 u n u m
n m nm .
U u n u m .
8 2 (1 + r)r 3/2
(1 r 2 ) 2 + 4 2 r (1 + r) 2

=0/05 .

= nm



)(
1- )
( :
)(1

p
gk

T = 2

:
= p
1
f

=k

=f
= g
2 - )
( :

)(2

p l3

g 3 EI

T = 2

:
33
ql
140

= p
= q

p = p +

 = l
= g
= E
= I
3 -
:
)(3

q
gEI

T = 1/79l 2

:
= l
= q
= I
= E
= g

4- :
)(4
:
= L
= a
= l
= q ) (AB

= I

q
gEI

T = kl 2

 = k :
a
L

0/4

0/ 6

0/ 8

1/0

1/29

1/5

1/7

1/79

5-
( 90 :
x1 x2 xn ...
:

p x
g p x
2
i

)(5
i

T = 2

( :
x1 x2 x n ...
:

2
i

)(6

px
i

gx n

T = 2

 6-
(
:

)(7

q
gEI

T = 0/018l 2

:
= l
= q
= g
= E
= I

(
:

)(8

0/08D
g

T = 2

:
= D ) (
= g


P-
)(

1-
P- ) i (
) Pi (P . i
P .

 1 n 2
. P-
) ( .

=Mi i
= wi i
=Vi i
= Pi i n
=hi i

=c.g.
i P- :

)(1

Mi = Pi wi

 i :
Mi=Vihi

)(2
P i :

M i p i wi
=
hi
hi

)(3

= Vi

Mi P- Mi
i :
p
M i
= ( w )i
Mi
Vh

)(4

= i

P- . max
.

1/25
0/25
R

)(5

= max

10 P-
.
0/1 < i < max
:

2-
:
)(6

) M i + M i = M i + Pi wi = M i (1 + i

 Mi i
P- .
:
)M ip = M i (1 + i + i2 + 3i ...

)(7

1

1

)(8

1
)
1 i

( M ip = M i

3-13 4-13
. )(
) -9( :

) -9(

1
)
i

wi = wi (1

Mi = 0.7R wi

) -9(

) -9(
4-5-2 .
P- Vip
:

)(10

1
)
(=V
i 1
i

ip

 3-
P- .
P- .
.

P- 0/ 7 R .

4-
1-4- P-
:
-
) ( s

:
Mc = M2b+M2s

)(11

-

F
a

f
a 0/15

.
>0/15

fa
Fa

:
)(12

1/0

by

C my f
F

by

bx

C mx f
F

bx

fa
Fa

)(13

f by
fa
f
+ bx +
1/0
0/6Fy Fbx Fby

- ) LRFD
(AISC -4 .
2-4- P-
P- ) (

P-
.

)(

1-
)
( .
.
.
) ( .
)( . ) (
)( .

) ( ).(1

.
) (h ) L1 (L2
) ( .
.


.

-2-
)
(

)
( .

 .

.

3-

. ) (
. )(
) (finite elements
.

. ) (2
)( ) ( .

= story
= diaph
:

diaph
story

) (0/5

.
story .

.

) (
) (.
) (3-10-3-13 .

.


.
- ) story(

diaph
story

) (3 .

diaph
1

4-9-13
story
2

. ) (

.

) ( .
) (
.
.

diaph
story

.

)
( .

4-

.
) ( story
) (f ) (s .
story = f+s

 ) (
.
. ) (4 f
:

5 wL4
384EI

= f

= w
= E
= I
I . )(5
I :

th 3
12

=I

) (s
:
wL2
8AG

= s

=
= A
= G
= w
G 0/4 t

1/50 .


.

5-

.
.
) (9-3-2 .
.


)
(
.
.
.

) (1-9-13 .
) ( ) (1-10-3-13 .
) (... .


.

6-

5 .
.
.
.
. ) (
.


.
)
(9-13 .

)
1-9-13( .
.

ICS: 91.100

160 :