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Windows and Vmware Interview Questins 23
Windows and Vmware Interview Questins 23
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i.
Aulhorilalive Reslore - Aulhorilalively reslores lhe Aclive Direclory dalabase or AD LDS inslance
ii.
ifm - Creale inslallalion media for wrilable and RODC selups (Offline DC provisioning)
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
fes
snapshol - Manages snapshols of lhe volumes lhal conlain lhe Aclive Direclory dalabase and log
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5.
hllp://vmwindowsadmin.blogspol.in/2013/07/fsmo-roles-in-nulshell.hlml
6.
Loadbalancer vs Cluslering
o
Cluslering
i.
Clusler is a group of resources lhal are lrying lo achieve a common objeclive, and are aware of
one anolher.
ii.
Cluslering usually involves selling up lhe resources (servers usually) lo exchange delas on a
parlicular channel (porl) and keep exchanging lheir slales, so a resources slale is replicaled al olher
places as well.
iii.
Il usually also includes load balancing, wherein, lhe requesl is rouled lo one of lhe resources in
lhe clusler as per lhe load balancing policy
o
Load Balancing
.
Used lo forward requesls lo eilher one server or olher, bul one server does nol use lhe olher
servers resources. Also, one resource does nol share ils slale wilh olher resources.
7.
i.
Assigning
ii.
Publishing
o
Assign :
.
If you assign lhe program lo a user, il is inslalled when lhe user logs on lo lhe compuler. When lhe
user firsl runs lhe program, lhe inslallalion is compleled.
i.
If you assign lhe program lo a compuler, il is inslalled when lhe compuler slarls, and il is avaable
lo all users who log on lo lhe compuler. When a user firsl runs lhe program, lhe inslallalion is compleled.
o
Publish :
i.
When lhe user logs on lo lhe compuler, lhe published program is displayed in lhe Add or Remove
Programs dialog box, and il can be inslalled from lhere.
o
msi packages are used for inslallalion. Normal exe would nol work.
Windows cannol inslall lhe soflware whe lhe user is already logged on. Lhe user need lo
log off and log in
8.
Group policy securily flering for users. Which all users are in lhere by defaull. Members of
Aulhenlicaled Users group
9.
10.
Securily flering is a way of refining which users and compulers wl receive and apply lhe
sellings in a Group Policy objecl (GPO)
In order for lhe GPO lo apply lo a given user or compuler, lhal user or compuler musl
have bolh Read and Apply Group Policy (AGP) permissions on lhe GPO, eilher explicilly,
or effeclively lhrough group membership
By defaull, all GPOs have Read and AGP bolh Allowed for lhe Aulhenlicaled Users group.
Lhe Aulhenlicaled Users group includes bolh users and compulers. Lhis is how all
aulhenlicaled users receive lhe sellings of a new GPO when il is applied lo an
organizalional unil, domain or sile
Localion : C:\Windows\Syslem32\Drivers\elc
L3 swilch vs Roulers
o
L3 swilches jusl have lhe elhernel porls only whereas lhe roulers have WAN inlerfaces
11.
12.
13.
Roulers have expansion slols and cards lhal allow lhem lo use differenl media lypes, like
serial conneclions for L1 and L3 circuils
VLAN vs Subnel
o
Subnels have weaker securily lhan VLANs as all lhe subnel uses lhe same physical
nelwork
Regislry
14.
15.
16.
Incremenlal backup - Wl lake lhe backup of fes whose archive bils are sel and resels il
afler backup
Differenlial backup - Wl lake lhe backup of fes whose archive bils are sel bul does nol
resel il afler backup
Robocopy
o
In WSUS, we can creale several compuler groups lo manage lhis palch process.
GPO - Group Policy Objecl : Refers lo lhe policy lhal is configured al lhe Aclive Direclory
level and is inheriled by lhe domain member compulers. You can configure a GPO al lhe
sile level, domain level or OU level. GPO slores policy sellings in lwo localions GPC and
GPL
GPO behaviour : Local Policy > Sile GPO > Domain GPO > OU GPO > Chd OU GPO
GPC - Group Policy Conlainer :Lhis is lhe AD porlion of lhe group policy. Lhis can be
viewed using ADSI edil. Il slores version informalion, slalus informalion, and olher policy
informalion. When you creale a new GPO, an AD objecl of class groupPolicyConlainer
gels crealed under lhe Syslem\Policies conlainer wilhin your AD domain
GPL - Group Policy Lemplale : Lhe GPL is where lhe GPO slores lhe aclual sellings. Il
slores soflware policy scripl, and deploymenl informalion.
17.
By selling CPU affinily for each VM, you can reslricl lhe assignmenl of VMs lo a subsel of
avaable processors
Lhe main use of selling CPU affinily is when lhere are display inlensive workloads which
requires addilional lhreads wilh vCPUs.
hllp://frankdenneman.nl/2011/01/11/bealing-a-dead-horse-using-cpu-affinily/
18.
VMversion 4 vs VMversion 7
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Version 4
i.
ii.
iii.
Max vCPUs 4
iv.
v.
4 NICs/VM
vi.
No USB Supporl
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Version 7
i.
ii.
Max vCPUs 8
iii.
MS clusler is supporled
iv.
10 NICs/VM
v.
USB supporl
19.
In case of slandalone servers , VMware recommends lhal VMs should be powered off
before pulling lhe server in mainlenance mode
If we pul lhe slandalone hosl in mainlenance mode wilhoul powering off lhe VMs, il wl
remain in lhe enlering mainlenance mode slale unl lhe VMs are all shuldown
When all lhe VMs are powered down, lhe hosl slalus changes lo under mainlenance
hllp://pubs.vmware.com/vsphere-4-esxvcenler/index.jsp#using_drs_cluslers_lo_manage_resources/c_using_mainlenance_mode.hlml
20.
Server core improvemenls: no need of fresh inslallalion, you can add/remove GUI from
server manager
Remolely manage servers , add/remove roles elc using Server manager-manage 2008
and 2008 R2 wilh WMF 3.0 inslallalion, inslalled by defaull in Server 2012
Remole server adminislralion lools avaable for windows 8 lo manage Windows server
2012 infraslruclure
Powershell v3
Hyper-V 3.0
i.
ii.
iii.
Shared nolhing live migralion, move around VMs wilhoul shared slorage
21.
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23.
ReFS(Resienl fe syslem), upgraded version of NLFS- supporls larger fe and direclory sizes.
Removes lhe 255 characler limilalion on long fe names and palhs, lhe limil on lhe
palh/fename size is now 32K characlers!
Improved CHKDSK ulily lhal wl fix disk corruplions in lhe background wilhoul disruplion
How does lhe backup soflware recognize lhal a fe has changed since lasl backup?
o
Lhe fes use a bil called archive bil for lracking any change in lhe fe.
Lhe backup soflwares normally checks lhe archive bil of lhe fe lo delermine whelher lhe
fe has lo be backed up or nol
Afler making necessary machines in lhe virlual machine, converl lhe virlual machine back
lo lemplale
i.
ESXi 5.1
VMs
1. vCPUs - 64
2. RAM - 1 LB
3. vNICs - 10
4. vmdk size - 1LB
ii.
Hosls
1. LUNs - 256
2. LUN size - 64LB
3. Dislribuled vSwilches - 128
4. Porls in a swilch - 4096
5. Logical CPUs - 160
6. Memory - 2 LB
7. Virlual machines - 512
i.
ESXi 5.0
VMs
1. vCPUs - 32
2. RAM - 1 LB
3. vNICs - 10
4. vmdk size - 1LB
ii.
Hosls
1. LUNs - 256
2. LUN size - 64LB
3. Dislribuled vSwilches - 32
4. Porls in a swilch - 4096
5. Logical CPUs - 160
6. Memory - 2 LB
7. Virlual machines - 512
ESXi 4.x
ii.
VMs
1. vCPUs - 8
2. RAM - 255GB
3. vNICs - 10
4. vmdk size - 256GB/512GB/1LB/2LB for 1/2/4/8 block sizes
ii.
Hosls
1. LUNs - 256
2. LUN size - 64LB
3. vSwilches - 32
4. Virlual machines - 320
5. Porls in a swilch - 4096
24.
Whal is lhe major difference belween Windows server 2008 and windows server 2012 in lerms
of AD promolion?
In Win 2012, dcpromo has been deprecialed.In Order lo make a Windows server 2012 lo a domain
conlroller, lhe ADDS service has lo be inslalled from lhe server manager. Afler inslallalion, run lhe posldeploymenl configuralion wizard from server manager lo promole lhe server as AD
25.