MULTIPLE ARCH BRIDGE

Arch
bridges are one of the oldest types of bridges and have been aroundd for thousands of years. Arch bridges have great natural strength.
They were originally built of stone or brick but these days are built of reinforced concrete or steel. The introduction of these new materials allow
arch bridges to be longer with lower spans.Instead of pushing straight down, the load of an arch bridge is carried outward along the curve of the
arch to the supports at each end. The weight is transferred to the supports at either end.These supports, called the abutments, carry the load and
keep the ends of the bridge from spreading out. The natural curve of the arch and its ability to dissipate the force outward greatly reduces the
effects of tension on the underside of the arch.But as with beams and trusses, even the mighty arch can't outrun physics forever. The greater
the degree of curvature (the larger the semicircle of the arch), the greater the effects of tension on the underside of the bridge. Build a big
enough arch, and tension will eventually overtake the support structure's natural strength

GIRDER BRIDGE

SUSPENSION BRIDGE

A beam bridge needs to be stiff. It needs to resist twisting and bending under load.In its most basic form, a beam bridge consists of a horizontal
beam that is supported at each end by piers.The weight of the beam pushes straight down on the piers.Under load, the beam's top surface is
pushed down or compressed while the bottom edge is stretched or placed under tension. If we imagine that there is an imaginary line running
down the centre of the beam this line remains at its original length while the material above is compressed and the material below is stretched.
This line is referred to as the neutral axis.As the name implies, suspension bridges, like the Golden Gate Bridge or Brooklyn Bridge,
suspend the roadway by cables, ropes or chains from two tall towers. These towers support the majority of the weight as
compression pushes down on the suspension bridge's deck and then travels up the cables, ropes or chains to transfer compression
to the towers. The towers then dissipate the compression directly into the earth.The supporting cables, on the other hand, receive
the bridge's tension forces. These cables run horizontally between the two far-flung anchorages. Bridge anchorages are essentially
solid rock or massive concrete blocks in which the bridge is grounded. Tensional force passes to the anchorages and into the
ground.