Dialog Programming Overview

SAP System : Dialog Processing (Report)

SAP GUI
Report zpsm1.

Request

Tables customers.

List

Application Server

Send Request

Store request to queue

Select single * from

Generate Screen(List)

customers where id = 1.

10

Write: / customers-name.

Dispatcher

Send List

Request
Queue Send request to WP

SAP Buffer

Search for free WP

Check Program in Program Buffer

Program

Database Server

SQL Request

Load&Gen Program

Execute ABAP
statement

Dialog WP : Executable Program

Dialog WP

Local Memory

TaskHandler

Memory Space

ABAP Processor

DYNPRO Processor

DB Interface
Result Set Memory

Database

List Buffer

Types of ABAP Report

1
3

1. Report Listing

2. Drill-down Report
3. Control-break Report
4. ALV Report

SAP System : Dialog Processing (DIALOG)

SAP GUI
Program sapmzex001.

Request

Include .

Screen

Application Server

Send Request

Store request to queue

Set screen 100.

Generate Dialog Screen

10

Dispatcher

Send List

Request
Queue Send request to WP

SAP Buffer

Search for free WP

Check Program in Program Buffer

Program

Database Server

SQL Request

Load&Gen Program

Execute ABAP
statement

Dialog WP : Dialog Program

Dialog WP

Local Memory

TaskHandler

ABAP Memory

ABAP Processor

DYNPRO Processor

DB Interface
Result Set Memory

Database

Screen Buffer

Dialog Program : Transaction

Dialog Program Components

Transaction Code

Dialog Program

Program Naming Convention : SAPM

Screen : 100
(Screen Layout)

ABAP Module Pool

PAI

ABAP Module Pool

Flow Logic

Screen : 200
(Screen Layout)

PBO

PBO

ABAP Module Pool

PAI

ABAP Module Pool

Flow Logic

SAP Transaction
DB Commit

DB Commit

An SAP transaction consists of Dialog steps. A Dialog step

begins when the user press Enter,activates a function by
pressing a function key,double-clicks or chooses a function from
a menu.It ends when the next screen is display
In the course of a Dialog step,The PAI modules belonging to the
current screen and the PBO modules belonging to the next
screen

Data Transfer (Local Memory)

Local Memory

Screen Work Area

ABAP Work Area

ok_code

Screen Buffer

PBO

ABAP Memory Space

Element List

customers
id
customers-id
customers-name

name

0000000

PAI

ok_code

city

Flow Logic

Process Before Output(PBO)

After it has processed all of the modules in the

PBO processing block, the system copies the
contents of the fields in the ABAP work area to
their corresponding fields in the screen work area.

Process After Input(PAI)

Before it processes the first module in the PAI

processing block, the system copies the contents
of the fields in the screen work area to their
corresponding fields in the ABAP work area.

OK Code Field in Screen

OK Code Field or
Command Field
(ok_code in Element List)

Defining Screen (4 Steps)

Screen Attribute
Screen Layout
Flow Logic
Element List

Element List(ok_code field)

Flow Logic in Screen 100

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
MODULE STATUS_0100.

PROCESS AFTER INPUT.

MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100.

PBO in Screen 100

MODULE status_0100 OUTPUT.
SET PF-STATUS 0100.
SET TITLEBAR 0100.
ENDMODULE.

PAI in Screen 100

MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT.
CASE ok_code.
WHEN EXIT.
Leave program
SET SCREEN 0. LEAVE SCREEN. Leave to screen 0
WHEN SAVE.
UPDATE customers.
MESSAGE S000(38) WITH Update OK.
SET SCREEN 50. LEAVE SCREEN.
ENDCASE.
ENDMODULE.

How to Create Dialog Program

Transaction SE80 : Create Dialog Program

Create Screen(4 steps)
Screen Attribute
Screen Layout
Flow Logic(PBO,PAI)
Define Variable ok_code in Element List
Define Data Object in ABAP Work Area at TOP
Include(Tables, Data,...)
Check and Activate Dialog Program
Create Transaction Code

Example I
Maintain Customers Data
Screen : 100

Screen : 200

Example I

Create Dialog Program SAPMZEX<nn> for

changing Customers table
Screen 100
Field customers-id
Screen 200
Field customers-id and customers-name

Example I

Screen 100
PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
MODULE STATUS_0100.
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100.

Example I

Screen 100
MODULE status_0100 OUTPUT.
SET PF-STATUS 0100.
SET TITLEBAR 0100.
ENDMODULE.

Example I

Screen 100
MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT.
CASE ok_code.
WHEN BACK.
LEAVE PROGRAM. leave to screen 0
WHEN space. if not assign Enter Key
SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers
WHERE id = customers-id.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 200.
ENDCASE.
ENDMODULE.

Example I

Screen 200
PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
MODULE STATUS_0200.
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
MODULE USER_COMMAND_0200.

Example I

Screen 200
MODULE status_0200 OUTPUT.
SET PF-STATUS 0200.
SET TITLEBAR 0200.
ENDMODULE.

Example I

Screen 200

MODULE user_command_0200 INPUT.

CASE ok_code.
WHEN BACK.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 100. set screen 100
WHEN SAVE.
UPDATE customers.
MESSAGE S000(38) WITH Update OK!.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 100.
ENDCASE.
ENDMODULE.

Example I

TOP Include

TABLES customers.
DATA ok_code TYPE sy-ucomm.

Create Transaction Code

Transaction Code : ZEX<nn>

Exercise
Create Dialog Program : SAPMZCUST<nn>
Transaction Code : ZCUST<nn>

Exercise : Customers Maintenance

Screen : 100

Screen : 200

Setting the Cursor Position Dynamically

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
MODULE STATUS_0200.
MODULE set_cursor.

MODULE set_cursor OUTPUT.

SET CURSOR FIELD CUSTOMERS-CITY
OFFSET 3.
ENDMODULE.

Cursor Position

Avoiding the Unexpected

Processing Step of ok_code Field

1. Auxiliary OK_CODE Variable

TOP Include

TABLES customers.
DATA ok_code TYPE sy-ucomm.
DATA save_ok TYPE sy-ucomm.

Example I - Change

Screen 100 : PAI

MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT.
save_ok = ok_code.
CLEAR ok_code.
CASE save_ok.
WHEN BACK.
LEAVE PROGRAM.
WHEN space.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers WHERE id = customers-id.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 200.
ENDCASE.
ENDMODULE.

Example I - Change

Screen 200 : PAI

MODULE user_command_0200 INPUT.
save_ok = ok_code.
CLEAR ok_code.
CASE save_ok.
WHEN BACK.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 100.
WHEN space.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 200.
WHEN SAVE.
UPDATE customers.
MESSAGE s000(38) WITH Update OK!.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 100.
ENDCASE.

ENDMODULE.

2. Specify the Enter Function at GUI Status

Check Enter Function

Screen 100 : PAI

MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT.
CASE ok_code.
WHEN BACK.
LEAVE PROGRAM.
WHEN ENTE.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers
WHERE id = customers-id.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 200.
ENDCASE.

ENDMODULE.

3. Clear OK_CODE at PBO

Screen 100 : Flow Logic

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
MODULE STATUS_0100.
MODULE clear_ok_code.
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100.

Clear OK_CODE at PBO

Screen 100 : PBO

MODULE status_0100 OUTPUT.
SET PF-STATUS 0100.
SET TITLEBAR 0100.
ENDMODULE.

MODULE clear_ok_code OUTPUT.

CLEAR ok_code.
ENDMODULE.

Checking User Input

Example II
Maintain Customers Data

Check Input Data Manually

Example II

Screen 100 : PAI

MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT.
...
WHEN SPACE.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers WHERE id = customers-id.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE S000(38) WITH Customers data not found.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 100.
ELSE.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 200.
ENDIF.
ENDCASE.
ENDMODULE.

Example III
Maintain Customers Data

Check Input Data Using Field Command

Example III Field Statement

Screen 100 : Flow Logic (PAI)

PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
FIELD customers-id MODULE user_command_0100.

Example III

Screen 100 : PAI

MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT.
...
WHEN SPACE.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers WHERE id = customers-id.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE E000(38) WITH Customers data not found.
ELSE.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 200.
ENDIF.
ENDCASE.
ENDMODULE.

Field Input Checking

If you want to check input values in the module

pool and start dialog in the event of a negative
result,you use the FIELD statement with the
addition MODULE.
If the module results in an error(E) or
warning(W) message,the screen is redisplayed
without processing the PBO modules.The
message text is displayed and only the field
being checked by this module becomes ready for
input again

Field Statement With More Than 1 Field

Screen 100 : Flow Logic (PAI)

PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
CHAIN.
FIELD: customers-id,customers-custtype
MODULE user_command_0100.
ENDCHAIN.

PROCESS AFTER INPUT.

CHAIN.
FIELD customers-id MODULE user_command_0100.
FIELD customers-custtype MODULE user_command_0100.
ENDCHAIN.

Field Statement & Data Transport

PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
MODULE a.
FILED f1 MODULE b.
FILED f2 MODULE c.
MODULE d.
Screen 100
f1
f3

f2
f4

Transfer f3,f4
Call module a
Transfer f1
Call module b
Transfer f2
Call module c
Call module d

Required Field

Required Field

Required Field

At exit-command

Function Type : Exit Command

At exit-command

When user chooses a function with type

E,the screen flow logic jumps directly to the
following statement

MODULE <module> AT EXIT-COMMAND

No other screen fields are transported to the

program except OK Code field

At exit-command

Screen 100 : Flow Logic

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
MODULE STATUS_0100.
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
MODULE exit AT EXIT-COMMAND.
MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100.

At exit-command

Screen 100 : PAI

MODULE exit INPUT.
CASE ok_code.
WHEN EXIT.
LEAVE PROGRAM.
ENDCASE.
ENDMODULE.

LEAVE PROGRAM.

Function Module
(POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_LOSS_OF_DATA)

Example IV
Maintain Customer Data

Popup confirmation data using function

POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_LOSS_OF_DATA

Example IV

TOP Include
...
DATA ans.

Example IV

Screen 100 : PAI

MODULE exit INPUT.
CALL FUNCTION POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_LOSS_OF_DATA
EXPORTING
textline1 = Are you sure?
titel
= Please Confirm!!!
IMPORTING
answer = ans.
IF ans = J. J = Ja in German= Yes in English
LEAVE PROGRAM.
ELSE.
ENDIF.

ENDMODULE.

SAP Transaction : Enqueue Lock Object

SAP Transaction & DB Transaction

Each Dialog step can contain update

requests(INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE)
After each Dialog step,the R/3 system
automatically passes a database commit to the
database system.The database system then
distributes the update requests from the
individual dialog steps across several database
transactions
A rollback in one Dialog step has no effect on
database updates performed in previous Dialog
steps

SAP Transaction(LUW)
DB Commit

DB LUW

SAP LUW

DB Commit

SAP Database Maintenance Steps

Check data locking by calling function

ENQUEUE_<lock object>
Read data from Database Ex. Select single
Data Processing Ex. Update ...
Release lock by calling function
DEQUEUE_<lock object>

SAP Lock Object

Transaction SE11 : Lock object

ENQUEUE_<lock object>
DEQUEUE_<lock object>

SAP Lock Object : Function Module

Example IV

ENQUEUE /DEQUEUELock Object(SE11)

CALL FUNCTION ENQUEUE_EZCUST<nn>
CALL FUNCTION DEQUEUE_EZCUST<nn>

User 1

User 2

Example IV (I)

Screen 100 : PAI

MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT.
...
WHEN SPACE.
CALL FUNCTION ENQUEUE_EZCUST00
EXPORTING

id = customers-id
EXCEPTIONS
...
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.

ELSE.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers WHERE id = customers-id.
...

Example IV (II)

Screen 100 : PAI

MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT.
...
WHEN SPACE.
CALL FUNCTION ENQUEUE_EZCUST00
EXPORTING
message id sy-msgid type sy-msgty number
id = customers-id
sy-msgno with sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2
...
sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
CONCATENATE Data was locked by : sy-msgv1 INTO mess.
MESSAGE E000(38) WITH mess.
ELSE.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers WHERE id = customers-id.
...

Example IV

Screen 200 : PAI

MODULE user_command_0200 INPUT.
...
WHEN BACK.
CALL FUNCTION DEQUEUE_EZCUST00
EXPORTING

id = customers-id.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 100.

Example IV

Screen 200 : PAI

MODULE user_command_0200 INPUT.
...
WHEN SAVE.
UPDATE customers.
MESSAGE S000(38) WITH Update OK!.
CALL FUNCTION DEQUEUE_EZCUST00
EXPORTING

id = customers-id.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 100.
...
...

Monitoring Enqueue Lock : SM12