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SPSS Lecture Sheet # 1
SPSS Lecture Sheet # 1
Lecture # 1
Brief knowledge in SPSS
Introduction to Statistics
Definition of Statistics:
It is difficult to define to define statistics in a few words, since its dimension, scope;
function; use and importance are constantly changing over changing over time. Facts and
figures of phenomenon or events are called statistics.
Statistics is a field of study concerned with (1) the collection, organization,
summarization and analysis of data and (2) the drawing of inferences about a body of
data is observed.
Scope and Use of Statistics: Statistics has been useful in researches of almost all
disciplines. A few fields are : Planning, Population, Health, Family planning, Biology,
Business and commerce, Agriculture, physical science, socio-economic study,
Environment, Medicine, Psychology and education, Production industry, Astronomy etc.
Variable and its type:
A variable is characteristic whose value varies from person to person, object or from
phenomenon to phenomenon, Example: Age, income, hair color, family size, profession
etc.
Quantitative variable: A quantitative is one for which the resulting observations a re
numeric and thus possesses a natural ordering. Example: Age, height family size etc.
Qualitative Variable: A qualitative variable is one for which numerical measurement is
not possible, such as, hair color, religion, profession etc.
Quantitative variables may be further classified as or continuous. When a variable can
assume only the isolated values within a given range, the variable is called discrete
variable such as family size, class size etc. when a variable can theoretically assume any
value within a given range the variable is said to be continuous variable. Thus age,
height, temperature etc. are continuous variables.
Population: An aggregate of all individuals or items (actual or possible) of interest in any
particular study defined on some common characteristics is called a population.
Sample: a representative Part of the population is called a sample. The number of
individuals in the sample is called sample size.
Types of population:
(1) Finite population: A population consisting of a finite number of individuals or
items is called a finite population.
(2) Infinite population consisting of a Infinite number of individuals or items is called
a infinite population.
Md. Nurul Huda.
Mobile: 01822346868, 01673314980
Example: X =
i 1
is an estimation of population parameter .
n
Example
Sex, Religion
Economic Status
Temperature, IQ
Age, Family size
Variables
Ordinal Economic
status
Ratio Age,
Income
Data entry
Manipulate and manage data
Produce reports and tables
Perform simple and complex statistical analyses
Produce graphical output
Pivot table: Most of SPSSs tabular and statistical outputs appear in the viewer in the
form of pivot tables. Double clicking a pivot table lets edit it.
Chart editor: Double clicking a chart in the viewer will open the chart editor. Now we can
modify the chart and even the chart type.
Syntax Editor: A syntax window is a window into which into which we can paste and/or
write SPSS command. Then running the syntax on a data file we can get the desired
output. To create a new syntax file, follow the steps:
Click on File menu from the data window, Point the cursor to New and then click on
syntax. (A Syntax Window will appear).
We can save the syntax Windows as well as output Window at our desire location simply
by pressing Ctrl + S.
Various Types of Files in SPSS
SPSS reads, creates and writes different types of floes. Conventions for naming, printing,
deleting or saving files and for submitting command files for processing differ from one
computer to another or from one operating system to another. The following are some
common files available in SPSS. Each file is used to store a particular type of
information.
Md. Nurul Huda.
Mobile: 01822346868, 01673314980
SPO
Purpose
Stores data along with the descriptive information
of each variables and their values
Contains various commands and instruction to
perform various tasks. Sometimes it contains inline
data.
Contains output/ results generated after executing
commands through menu or syntax.