&

:
5 , 2012
1. A, B . sup A < sup B,
B A.
sup A sup B;
(1 .)
. = sup B sup A > 0, supremum
B
> sup B = sup B sup B + sup A = sup A .
> , A, A.
, (
A = [0, 1) B = [1/2, 1)).
2. ( ) .
()

2 + 2
=1
.
()

(1 .)
P

=1

2
+

=1
.

(1 .)

.
() N

< 2
= 2.
2 + 2

P
=1 1/ 2 ,

.
2
+
2
=1
0<

() :
( ) , M > 0, M
N.

=
,
2 +
2+M
2+M
N

.
2 +
=1

 ( ) . ( ) ( )
lim = + .

1
= lim
=1
2 +
2/ + 1
lim

6= 0. ,

2 +
2
+

=1

lim
.

3. () Bolzano-Weierstrass
.
(0,5 .)
() f : [a, b] R . (xn )
[a, b],
2
f (xn ) = 2 .
n
x0 [a, b], f (x0 ) = 0.
(0,8 .)
() g : R R . g(r) = 0 r Q, g(x) = 0
x R; .
(0,7 .)
.
() Bolzano-Weierstrass :
.
: f : A R, A R,
x0 A (xn ) A
x0 , (f (xn )) f (x0 ).
() (xn ) Bolzano-Weierstrass
(xkn ) limn xkn = x0 . a xkn b n N
x0 [a, b]. f ,
f (x0 ) = lim f (xkn ) = lim
n

2
= 0.
kn2

() x R. Q R, rn
limn rn = x. , n N rn Q
x

1
1
< rn < x + .
n
n

limn rn = x. g ,

g(x) = lim g(rn ) = 0 .

n

, g(x) = 0 x R.

 4. f : [a, b] R [a, b] (a, b).

0
limxa+ f 0 (x) = R, f a f+
(a) = .
0
0
(, f+ (a) = f (a+).)
(1 .)
. limxa+ f 0 (x) = ,
> 0 > 0, x a < x < a + b |f 0 (x) | < .

(1)

t (a, a + ) (a, t),

f (t) f (a)
= f 0 () .
ta
, (1) x =



 f (t) f (a)

 < .
t (a, a + ) , 
ta
0
f+
(a) = limta+
.

f (t)f (a)
ta

= . , f a

5. I R f : I R .
() f x0 I f 0 (x0 ) 6= 0,
f 1 y0 = f (x0 )
(f 1 )0 (y0 ) =

1
f 0 (x

0)

(1 .)
() f f 0 (x) = (1 + x3 )1/2 x I = (1, ),
g = f 1
g 00 (x) =

3
g(x)2 x f (I) .
2
(1 .)

.
()
f 1 (y0 + h) f 1 (y0 )
h0
h
0
1/f (x0 ). h , h 6= 0, y0 + h
f 1 ( f ). f 1 1,
t 6= 0 y0 + h = f (x0 + t). ,
lim

h = f (x0 + t) y0 = f (x0 + t) f (x0 )

x0 + t = f 1 (y0 + h), t = f 1 (y0 + h) x0 = f 1 (y0 + h) f 1 (y0 ) .

f 1 limh0 [f 1 (y0 + h) f 1 (y0 )] = 0.
t 0 h 0. ,
f 1 (y0 + h) f 1 (y0 )
t
= lim
t0 f (x0 + t) f (x0 )
h0
h
1
1
= lim f (x +t)f (x ) = 0
.
0
0
t0
f (x0 )
lim

, (f

1 0

) (y0 ) 1/f (x0 ).

3

() f 0 (x) > 0 x (1, ), f I = (1, ).

x f (I)
g 0 (x) = (f 1 )0 (x) =

1
( ())

f 0 (f 1 (x))


1/2
= 1 + [f 1 (x)]3

3 [f 1 (x)]2 (f 1 )0 (x)
2 {1 + [f 1 (x)]3 }1/2

g 00 (x) =

3 1
[f (x)]2
2
3
= g(x)2 .
2
=

6. ()
Z

dx .
x x1
(1 .)

() f : [0, 1] R . a, b > 0,
,
Z
lim+

f (x)
b
dx = f (0) ln .
x
a
(1 .)
Z

| ln t| dt 1.

()

(1 .)

.
()
Z
2

dx =
x x1

Z
1

(t2

1
2t dt
+ 1)t

( t =

x 1 x = t2 + 1)

t= 3

= 2 arctan t|t=1

= 2(arctan 3 arctan 1)
 
=2

= .
3
4
6
() > 0 a, b (0, 1). f g(x) = 1/x
a, b,

Z

f (x)
dx = f (())
x

1
b
dx = f (()) (ln b ln a) = f (()) ln ,
x
a

(2)

 () [a, b] a < b () [b, a] b < a. f

lim0+ () = 0, lim0+ f (()) = f (0). , (2)
b

Z
lim+

f (x)
b
dx = f (0) ln .
x
a

() x (0, 1)
Z

| ln t| dt =
x

t=1

ln t dt = t ln t|t=x +

dt = x ln x + 1 x ( )
x

Z
0

Z
|ln t| dt = lim+
x0

| ln t| dt
x

= lim+ (x ln x + 1 x)
x0

= lim x ln x + 1
x0+

ln x
+1
x0 1/x
= lim+ x + 1

= lim+

x0

( LHopital)

= 1.

R1
0

: 3

| ln t| dt 1.