TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8567:2010
CHT LNG T PHNG PHP XC NH THNH PHN CP HT
Soil quality Method for determination of particle size dstribution
Li ni u
TCVN 8567:2010 c chuyn i t 10 TCN 368-99 theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu
chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2007 ca
Chnh ph qui nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 8567:2010 do Vin Th nhng Nng ha bin son, B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn
ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

TCVN 8567:2010
CHT LNG T PHNG PHP XC NH THNH PHN CP HT
Soil quality - Method for determination of particle size distribution
1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh thnh phn cp ht (thnh phn c gii) p dng cho cc mu
t mn c lm kh trong khng kh v c qua ry c ng knh l 2 mm.
2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi nm
cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th p dng phin
bn mi nht, bao gm c sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 6647 : 2007 (ISO 11464 : 2006 ), Cht lng t X l s b mu phn tch ha - l.
TCVN 7538 -1: 2006 (ISO 10381 -1 : 2002), Cht lng t Ly mu Phn 1: Hng dn lp chng trnh
ly mu.
TCVN 4851: 1989 ( ISO 3696: 1987), Nc dung cho phong th nghi m phn tch Yu cu ky thu t va phng
phap th.
3 Nguyn l
Tiu chun ny s dng phng php tch cc cp ht ca mu t bng hn hp natri hexametaphotphat
(NaPO3)6 v natri cacbonat Na2CO3 hoc c th dng natri pyro photphat Na 4P2O7. Xc nh thnh phn limon v
st bng pipt, xc nh thnh phn ct bng ry. Phn cp thnh phn cp ht theo h thng quc t nh c
nu trong (Bng 1)
Bang 1- Phn loai thnh phn cp ht
C ht

Tn gi
Ct th

mm
2,0 - 0,2

Ct mn

0,2 - 0,02

Limon

0,02 0,002

St

< 0,002

4 Thuc th
Khi phn tch, ngoi tr trng hp c nhng ch dn ring, ch dng cc thuc th tinh khit phn tch v tinh
khit ha hc, nc ct t theo TCVN 4851: 1989 ( ISO 3696: 1987) hoc nc c tinh khit tng ng.
4.1 Natri hexametaphotphat (NaPO3)6 hoc natri pyro photphat (Na4P2O7).
4.2 Natri cacbonat (Na2CO3).
4.3 Natri axetat (NaCH3COO .3H2O).

4.4 Hydro peroxit (H2O2 30%).

4.5 Nc ct, c dn in < 2 m/cm v pH t 5,6 -7,0
4.6 Axit clo hydric (HCl).
4.7 Nitrat bc (AgNO3).
4.8 Axit axetic (CH3COOH).
4.9 Dung dch m axetat, ho tan 680 g NaCH3COO .3H2O trong 4000 ml nc, iu chnh ti pH= 5 bng 250
ml CH3COOH v thm nc n 5000 ml.
4.10 Dung dch khuch tn mu, ho tan t t 40 g (NaPO3)6 vo khong 700 ml nc, khuy cho tan ht. Sau
cho thm 10 g Na2CO3 khan v cho thm nc n 1000 ml. Khuy cho tan ht v trn u dung dch.
CH THCH:
1 ) Dung dch khuch tn ny c 1 gam cht ha tan trong 20 ml dung dch
2 ) C th thay th 40 g (NaPO3)6 bng 65 g natri pyro photphat (Na 4P2O7 ) dung dch ny c 1,5 g cht ha tan
trong 20 ml dung dch.
5 Thit b, dng c
S dng cc thit b, dng c thng thng trong phng th nghim v cc thit b, dng c sau:
5.1 My lc chuyn dng hoc my khuy, c tc nhanh.
5.2 Tu sy, c qut thng gi.
5.3 B ry, c kch thc l ry t 0,05 mm n 2 mm.
5.4 ng ong, c dung tch 1000 ml.
5.5 Dng c trn mu, l mt ia trn bng cao su c ng knh thch hp vi ng ong ( 5.4), trn m t c c
8 l n 10 l ng knh 4 mm n 5 mm , ia ny c gn cn.
5.6 ng h nh gi.
5.7 Pipet bu, c l ht theo chiu ngang hoc ng ht Robinson dung tch 20 ml hoc 25 ml.
5.8 Pipet, c dung tch 5; 10; 20 ml.
5.9 Nhit k o .
5.10 Cc hoc hp nhm, c dung tich 35 ml n 50 ml sy.
5.11 Binh tia.
5.12 Binh hut m.
5.13 Cn phn tich, c chnh xc 0,01 mg.
5.14 Cn k thut, c chnh xc 0,1 g.
5.15 Bp cch thuy.
5.16 Cc thuy tinh chu nhit, c dung tch 300; 500 ml.
6 Ly mu v chun b mu
6.1 Ly mu t phi i din theo TCVN 7538 -1 (ISO 10381-1) .
6.2 Cc mu t c x l s b theo TCVN 6647 ( ISO11464).
6.3 t phn tch thnh phn cp ht c nghin bng chy bc cao su. Khng c gi mnh lm v cc ht
hoc ct. Phn , si trn ry cn c xc nh khi lng v ghi km theo kt qu.
7 Cch tin hnh
7.1 X l mu
7.1.1 X l cht hu c
Nhng mu t c thnh phn cac bon hu c (OC) > 0,5 % cn tin hnh ph hy cht hu c bng hydro
peroxit (H2O2).
7.1.1.1 Cn khong 20 g, chnh xc n 0,1 g mu t kh trong khng kh cho vo cc cao thnh c dung tch
500 ml v thm 50 ml nc.

7.1.1.2 Thm 5 ml n 10 ml H2O2. 30%, y cc bng mt knh ng h . Nu thy si bt nhiu cn lp tc lm

lnh bng cch t cc vo chu ng nc lnh hoc nh vo vi git etanol.
7.1.1.3 Ngm mu qua m.
7.1.1.4 B tm knh y, un nhe cc trn ni cch thy ( nhit khong 70 0C n 80 0C). Trong qu trnh un
thm dn mi ln khong 1 ml H2O2. 30% cho n khi mt ht mu cht hu c.
7.1.1.5 Sau thm vo mt t nc v un nhe trong 1 h loi b H 2O2.. ngui, ly tm gn b phn nc
trong. Tin hnh nh vy 3 ln n 4 ln loi b ht H2O2 ng thi tch ri cc cp ht.
7.1.2 X l cacbonat
Nhng mu t c pHH2O 6,8 cn loi b cacbonat
7.1.2.1 Cho 100 ml dung dch m axetat( 4.9) vo mu, y bng knh ng h.
7.1.2.2 un nhe trn bp cch thy cho n khi ht si bt kh.
7.1.2.3 Tip tc cho thm 25 ml dung dch m na v un tip, tin hnh nh vy cho n khi thy ht si bt
kh.
7.1.2.4 Mu sau khi ph hy cacbonat cn c ra bng nc theo phng php li tm, gn ra nhiu ln cho
n khi dung dch ra sch ht Ca2+.
CH THCH:
1 ) Trng hp mu qu nhiu cacbonat c th thm 5 ml CH 3COOH c cng 25 ml dung dch m axetat
tng tc ph hy.
2 ) Th dung dch ra sch Ca2+ bng cc phn ng nh tnh thng dng nh phn ng vi ch th murxit,
cromogen en...
7.1.3 X l cc ion trao i v ha tan
Nhng t c pHH2O 4 v nhng mu t c dn in EC 1:5 > 0,5 mS/cm cn thit phi loi b cc ion trao
i v ha tan.
Tin hnh ra mu bng phng php li tm, gn ra nhiu ln vi t nht 100 ml dung dch axit HCl 0,05 mol/l
cho n khi sch cc ion trao i v ha tan, sau ra sch ion Cl - bng nc ct.
CH THCH:
1 ) i vi cc t phn cn ra sch Al 3+, SO42- v cc cation Fe2+, Fe3+ c th th dung dch sau khi ra sch
SO42- bng dung dch BaCl2 10%.
2 ) i vi t mn c th th dung dch sau khi ra sch ion Ca2+bng cc phn ng nh tnh thng dng nh
phn ng vi ch th murxit, cromogen en... hoc bng phn ng kt ta vi oxlat 4%.
3 ) Th dung dch au khi ra sch Cl- trong dung dch bng AgNO310% trong HNO3.
7.1.4 Lm kh mu
Mu sau khi x l c c n kh v sy kh n kh tuyt i nhit 105 oC (c khi lng khng i sau
2 ln cn cch nhau thi gian sy 1 h).
CH THCH: Khi lng mu kh tuyt i sau khi x l gi l khi lng ca mu khong (M), s dng tnh
thnh phn khi lng cp ht trong mu t khong c c ht < 2 mm.
7.2 Tch cc cp ht
7.2.1 Mu sau khi x l v sy kh c ngm vi 20 ml dung dch khuch tn qua m.
7.2.2 Sau c chuyn qua cc hoc bnh v cho thm nc n khong 250 ml n 300 ml.
7.2.3 Khuy vi tc nhanh 10 min hoc lc 16 h trn my trn. Huyn ph thu c dng xc nh thnh
phn cp ht.
CH THCH:
1 ) Cc loi t mn v t phn c cc loi t c thnh phn st cao cn tng thm dung dch khuch tn ln
1,5 ln.
2 ) Khi khuch tn c hin tng kt bng, nu t th tng thm dung dch khuch tn, nu nhiu th lng sau
loi b phn nc trong, tip tc khuch tn li vi lng dung dch khuch tn tng thm.
7.3 Xc nh thnh phn cp ht theo h thng quc t

7.3.1 Xc nh thnh phn ct bng ry

7.3.1.1 t ry c ng knh l 0,20 mm trn phu, t phu trn ng ong (5.4) 1000 ml.
7.3.1.2 Chuyn ton b huyn ph thu c (7.2.3) li ln ry, ct th se c gi li trn ry, cc cp ht nh
hn se lt qua ry xung phu v gi li trong ng ong.
7.3.1.3 Tia nc cho cc ht nh hn lt qua ry.
7.3.1.4 cho ro nc trn ry, chuyn ct thu c sang mt knh ng h v sy 105 0C khong 30 min
n 60 min.
7.3.1.5 Sau khi ct kh, lc bng tay cho cc ht nh hn 0,2 mm lt ht qua ry, phn lt qua ry c a
vo dung dch huyn ph trong ng ong.
7.3.1.6 Chuyn ct th trn ry vo cc cn hoc hp nhm c cn chnh xc n 1 mg. Dng chi lng
hoc bn chi cn thn dn ht ct trn ry vo cc hoc hp nhm .
7.3.1.7 Sy cc hoc hp nhm trong 2 h, ly ra ngui trong bnh ht m v cn khi lng ln 1.
7.3.1.8 Tip tc lm nh vy ln na. Khi khi lng gia 2 ln cn khng chnh lch nhau qu 1 mg, xem nh
khi lng khng thay i v ghi khi lng ct th (Mct).
CH THCH: V nguyn tc c th di ry c ng knh l 0,2 mm. M t ry c ng knh l 0,02 mm
xc nh khi ct mn (c ht 0,2 mm n 0,02 mm), tin hnh nh xc nh ct th (c ht 2 mm n 0,20 mm).
Tuy nhin cc b ry thng thng ch c ng knh l nh nht l 0,05 mm cho nn cho php thnh phn ct
mn c th xc nh bng cch cng dn cho 100%.
7.3.2 Xc nh thnh phn limon v st bng pipet
7.3.2.1 Huyn ph thu c chuyn vo ng ong (5.4) v thm nc n vch 1000 ml.
7.3.2.2 o nhit ca huyn ph v duy tr nhit sut thi gian xc nh.
7.3.2.3 Dng dng c trn mu ko ln, ko xung 30 ln cho trn u huyn ph.
7.3.2.4 Bm gi ti thi im ngng trn v bt u tnh gi lng (theo nh lut Stokes thi gian lng ca
cc cp ht ph thuc vo nhit v su ht mu).
7.3.2.5 Trc thi im quy nh 30 min ( xem Bng A1- phn ph lc tham kho), cho pipet (5.7) v trung tm
ng ong ng su quy nh. Lp tc ht huyn ph mt cch nhe nhng v cn thn n vch mc (khong
20 min).
7.3.2.6 Chuyn huyn ph t pipet vo cc hoc hp nhm cn khi lng chnh xc n 0,2 mg.
7.3.2.7 C cn trn bp cch ct, sau sy trong t sy 105 0C khong 16 h.
7.3.2.8 ngui trong bnh ht m, cn khi lng chnh xc n 0,2 mg (cn ln 1).
7.3.2.9 Tip tc sy thm 1 h na v cn ln 2. Khi khi lng chnh lch nhau gia 2 ln cn khng qu 0,2 mg
xem nh khi lng khng thay i. Ghi khi lng limon v st c chnh xc 0,2 mg (Mls).
7.3.3 Xc nh thnh phn st bng pipet
7.3.3.1 Huyn ph cn li sau khi ht xc nh limon v st, tip tc c tr n u bng dng c trn mu ko
ln, ko xung 30 ln. Xc nh thi im lng v cn c vo (xem Bng A2 - phn ph lc tham kho) xc
nh thi im ht mu.
7.3.3.2 Tin hnh ht mu v xc nh nh (7.3.2). Ghi khi lng st n chnh xc 0,2 mg (Ms).
CH THCH:
1 ) Trng hp nhit phng bin i trong thi gian xc nh c th khc phc bng cch ng ong trong
nc, hn ch s thay i nhit .
2 ) ng ht Robinson c cu to vi nhng l ht ngang hn ch s xo tr n huyn ph tng di
8 Tinh kt qua
8.1 Tinh khi lng ct th (%) theo khi lng t khong
Khi lng ct th (%) ca mu cn c tnh theo cng thc (1)
% Cat th =
Trong :

100 x Mct
M

(1)

Mct khi lng ct tnh bng gam (g);

M khi lng mu cn t khong tnh bng gam (g).
8.2 Tinh khi lng st ( %) theo khi lng t khong
8.2.1 Khi lng st ca mu cn ( X) c tnh theo cng thc (2)
X=

1000 x Ms
V

-F

(2)

Trong :
Ms khi lng st xc nh trong pipet tnh bng gam (g);
V dung tch ca pipet tnh bng mililit (ml);
F khi lng thuc th lm tng khi lng cn quy v cho ton b khi lng mu cn tnh bng gam (g).
8.2.2 Phn trm khi lng st (%) c tnh theo cng thc (3)
% Set =

100 x X
M

(3)

Trong :
X khi lng st quy v cho ton b mu cn tnh bng gam (g);
M khi lng mu cn t khong tnh bng gam (g).
8.3 Tinh khi lng limon ( %) theo khi lng t khong
8.3.1 Khi lng limon ca mu cn ( Y) c tnh theo cng thc (4)
Y=

1000 ( Mls - Ms)

(4)

Trong :
Mls khi lng limon v st xc nh trong pipe tnh bng gam (g);
Ms khi lng st xc nh trong pipet tnh bng gam (g);
V th tch ca pipet tnh bng mililit (ml);
8.3.2 Phn trm khi lng limon (%) c tnh theo cng thc (5)
% Limon =

100 x Y
M

(5)

Trong :
Y khi lng limon quy v cho ton b mu cn tnh bng gam (g);
M khi lng mu cn t khong tnh bng gam (g).
8.4 Tinh khi lng ct mn ( %) theo khi lng t khong
% Cat min = 100% - ( % cat th + % limon + % set ) (6)
CH THCH :
1 ) F l khi lng cht khuch tn cho vo mu. Vi 20 ml hn hp
2 ) Vi hn hp natri hexametaphophat v natri cacbonat ( F = 1)
3 ) Vi hn hp natri pyrophophat v natri cacbonat ( F = 1,5)
9 Bo co th nghim
Bo co th nghim cn bao gm nhng thng tin sau:
a) Vin dn tiu chun ny;
b) c im nhn dng mu;
c) Kt qu xc nh thnh phn cp ht;

d) Mi thao tc khng quy nh trong tiu chun ny hoc nhng iu c coi l ty chn v cc yu t c th
nh hng n kt qu th nghim.

PH LC A
( tham khao)
Bang A1 - t thi gian vi cp ht < 0,020 mm (20 micron)
( theo Thng bo 10/1981-FAO)
Nhit

Thi gian cho su ly mu a quy nh

nht
Milipoises

16

4 cm

6 cm

8 cm

10 cm

min

min

min

min

11,11

04

05

07

09

17

10,83

00

01

01

01

18

10,56

57

55

55

54

19

10,30

54

52

49

46

20

10,05

52

48

44

39

21

9,81

49

44

38

33

22

9,58

46

40

33

26

23

9,36

44

36

28

20

24

9,14

42

31

23

14

25

8,94

39

29

19

08

26

8,74

37

26

14

03

27

8,54

35

22

10

57

28

8,36

33

19

06

52

29

8,18

31

16

02

47

30

8,01

29

14

58

43

Bang A2 - t thi gian vi cp ht < 0,002 mm (2 micron)

( theo Thng bo 10/1981-FAO)
Nhit
C

16

Thi gian cho su ly mu a quy nh

nht
Milipoises

4 cm

6 cm

8 cm

10 cm

min

min

min

min

11,11

26

09

52

34

17

10,83

21

01

41

22

18

10,56

16

54

31

09

19

10,30

11

46

22

57

20

10,05

06

39

12

46

21

9,81

02

33

04

34

22

9,58

58

26

55

24

23

9,36

53

20

47

14

24

9,14

49

14

39

04

25

8,94

46

08

31

54

26

8,74

42

03

24

45

27

8,54

38

58

17

36

28

8,36

35

52

10

27

29

8,18

32

47

03

19

30

8,01

28

43

57

11