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Biaxial Bending
Biaxial Bending
Occurrence. Will be presented in any situations where beams frame into column at
right angles, or bridge pier, etc.
2.
Criteria for determining nominal strength are the same as for columns in uniaxial
bending (from material standpoint). Problem is complicated by the fact that the
neutral axis of the bending is no longer parallel to a major axis. Optimum column
dimensions are not likely to be equal if projected eccentricities vary.
3.
Figure 1. Interaction surface for compression plus biaxial bending: (a) uniaxial bending about
Y- axis; (b) uniaxial bending about X-axis; (c) biaxial bending about diagonal axis; and (d)
interaction surface.
Failure Surface 2 -
Bresler reasoned:
1.
The failure surface is too complicated to exactly define.
2.
An acceptable approximation could be defined by a plane which passes through three
points which could be found by conventional (uniaxial bending) analysis.
pn pnx 0 pny 0 p0
where
pn = Approximate value of ultimate load in biaxial bending with eccentricity of ex , ey .
pnx 0 = Ultimate load when only eccentricity e y is present ( ex = 0 )
pn pnx 0 pny 0 p0
Note that:
It is necessary to use the uniaxial curves without the horizontal cutoff in obtaining values
for the above equation.
Tied Columns
0.8 p0
pn
0.85 p0 Spiral Columns
1
M ny
M nx
= 1.0
+
M
0
ny
M nx 0
where:
M nx = Pn ey
M nx 0 = M nx when M ny = 0
M ny = Pn ex
M ny 0 = M ny when M nx = 0
This equation gives the surface of design strength. The parameter alpha is
1.15 < < 1.55 for square and rectangular columns where is tabulated for specific
Strength
Geometry
Material strength
15
ey = 3"
f c = 4 ksi
Ast = 8 in 2
f y = 60 ksi
2.5
Pu = 275 kips
12
2.5
Check the adequacy of the trial design
(a)
using the reciprocal load method
(b)
using load contour method
2.5
2.5
15
= 0.75
16
As
8
t =
=
= 0.033 Use Graph A.7
bh 240
e 6
=
= 0.30
h 20
Pn
A = 1.75 Pn = 1.75 240 = 420 kips
g
= 0.58
12
As
8
=
= 0.033 Use Graph A.6
t =
bh 240
e 3
=
= 0.25
h 12
pn pnx 0 pny 0 p0
1
1
1
1
=
+
= 0.00356
pn 432 420 876
Pn 275
Use Graph A.7
=
= 1.15
Ag 240
M nx 0
Ag h
= 0.62
Pn 275
Use Graph A.6
=
= 1.15
Ag 240
M nx 0
Ag h
= 0.53
1
M ny
M nx
= 1.0
+
M
M
nx 0
ny 0
1.15
825
1530
1.15
1650
+
2980
log 0.5
log 0.5
= 0.56 =
= 1.19
log
log 0.56
Note: Consider consider biaxial bending when estimated eccentricity ratio approaches or exceed
0.2.
From Bresler =
Design Example
Problem: Select a tied column cross-section to resist factored loads and moments of Pu = 420
kips, Mux = 70 ft-kips, and Muy = 80 ft-kips. Use 8#8 bars in each face and No. 3 ties.
f c = 4 ksi
f y = 60 ksi
Solution:
8 No. 8 bars As = 8 0.79 = 6.32 in 2
b = h = 11.45 use b = h = 12 in
Try a 12 inch by 12 inch column, use 1.5 inch cover, No. 3 ties, and assume No. 8 bars:
12 2(1.5 + 0.375 + 0.5)
= 0.60
12
As
6.32
=
= 0.044
t =
bh 12 12
M ux 70 12
=
= 0.486
Pux
Ag h 144 12
A = 2.4 Pux = 2.4 144 = 345.6 kips
g
t = 0.044
Graph A.6
P0 = 4.15 P = 4.15 144 = 517.6 kips
= 0.60
0
Ag
80 12
= 0.555
Puy
Ag h 144 12
= 1.75 Pux = 1.75 144 = 252 kips
g
t = 0.044
Graph A.5
M uy
pn pnx 0 pny 0 p0
1
1
1
1
=
+
pn = 195 kips < Pu = 420 kips ---- This column is not adequate.
Try a 14 inch by 14 inch column, use 1.5 inch cover, No. 3 ties, and assume No. 8 bars:
14 2(1.5 + 0.375 + 0.5)
= 0.66
14
As
6.32
t =
=
= 0.032
bh 14 14
M ux
70 12
=
= 0.3
Pux
Ag h 14 14 14
A = 2.9
t = 0.032
Fig A.7
P
0
= 3.6 = 0.66
= 0.75
Ag
Pux
= 2.84 Pux = 2.84 14 14 = 557 kips
Ag
M ux
70 12
=
= 0.3
Pux
Ag h 14 14 14
A = 2.8 P0 = 3.6 P = 3.6 14 14 = 713.4 kips
ux
g
t = 0.032
Ag
Fig A.6
P0 = 3.6
= 0.60
Ag
10
80 12
= 0.35
Pux
Ag h 14 14 14
A = 2.75
t = 0.032
Fig A.7
P0 = 3.6
= 0.75
= 0.66
Ag
Pux
= 2.69 Pux = 2.69 14 14 = 528 kips
Ag
M uy
80 12
=
= 0.35
Pux
Ag h 14 14 14
A = 2.65 P0 = 3.6 P = 3.6 14 14 = 713.4 kips
ux
g
Ag
t = 0.032
Fig A.6
P0 = 3.6
= 0.60
Ag
M uy
pn pnx 0 pny 0 p0
1
1
1
1
=
+
11