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Fractions and Decimals Made Easy
Fractions and Decimals Made Easy
and
Decimals
Made Easy
Rebecca Wingard-Nelson
Fractions and
Decimals
Made Easy
Rebecca Wingard-Nelson
ebooksdownloadrace.blogspot.in
Contents
Introduction
What Is a Fraction?
Fraction Terms
Proper Fractions
Improper Fractions
Mixed Numbers
Comparing Fractions
Comparing Mixed Numbers
Equivalent Fractions
Estimating Fractions
Fractions in Measurement
Adding Fractions
Subtracting Fractions
What Is a Decimal?
Decimals and Fractions
Equivalent Decimals
Comparing Decimals
Rounding Decimals
Estimating Decimals
Adding Decimals
Subtracting Decimals
Further Reading
Internet Addresses
Index
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
47
48
Introduction
M
What Is
F
1
6
a Fraction?
A fraction may show part
of one whole group.
fractionPart
of one whole
thing or grou
p.
3
8
3
8 of the elephants are pink.
Fraction
A
1
4
1
4
This fraction is read as one fourth.
Terms
2
of this pie is left.
3
The fraction 2 is read as two thirds.
3
1
of these socks are dirty.
2
1
The fraction 2
is read as
one half.
Proper
A
1
3
1 is
smaller
than 3.
5
6
5 is
smaller
than 6.
2
7
2 is
smaller
than 7.
9
10
9 is
smaller
than 10.
10
Fractions
Proper fractions can be shown on
a number line between the
numbers 0 and 1.
Show
pr oper fractio
n
A fraction wh
ose
top number is
smaller than
its
bottom numbe
r.
2
on a number line.
5
2
is less than 1. Draw a number line from 0 to 1.
5
2
5
11
Improper
A
9
9
4
3
9 is
equal
to 9.
4 is
larger
than 3.
7
6
7 is
larger
than 6.
12
5
12 is
larger
than 5.
3
3
12
Fractions
When the top number is larger
than the bottom number, the
fraction has a value greater than 1.
3 is greater than 2.
3
is greater than 1.
2
13
Mixed
A
2 41
fraction
14
2 41
1
4
more
Numbers
One page of a sticker book holds 6 famous
monster stickers. Marlon has 12 full pages
of stickers, and one page with 5 stickers on
it. Write the number of pages of stickers as
a mixed number.
Write the number of full pages as
the whole number part.
12
12 6
12 65
5
Marlon has 12 6
pages of
famous monster stickers.
15
Comparing
Y
2
5
3
5
numerator T
he
top number in
a
fraction.
than.
< means less
ter than.
> means grea
16
2
5
< 5
Fractions
What if the denominators are different? You can
easily compare these fractions when the numerators
are the same.
1
3
1
8
1
3
1
8
pb
1
3
> 1
8
denominator
The
bottom numbe
r in
a fraction.
17
Comparing
W
4 32
6 21
whole number
mixed number
A
number with
a whole
number and a
proper
fraction.
whole number
432
18
< 621
Mixed Numbers
When mixed numbers have the same whole
number parts, just compare the fraction.
743
741
fraction
fraction
743
741
743
>
Remember, fr
actions
must have th
e same
numerators o
r
denominators
to be
easily compar
ed (se e
pages 16 and
17).
741
19
Equivalent
S
1
2
2
4
3
6
8
16
8
All of these fractions (12 , 42 , 63 , and 16
) have equal
values. They are called equivalent fractions.
1 3 3
2 3
6
The fractions 21 and 63 are equivalent, or equal.
20
Fractions
When there is no number that
both the top and bottom number
can be divided by, except 1, the
fraction is in simplest form.
4
Put 12 in simplest form.
The simplest
form
of a fraction
is
sometimes ca
lled
the fraction in
lowest terms.
4 4 1
12 4
3
4 and 1 are equivalent. There is
The fractions 12
3
no number that both 1 and 3 can be divided by,
except 1.
hen
Remember, w
r and
the numerato
re
denominator a
ction
equal, the fra
f 1.
has a value o
4 in simplest form is 1.
12
3
21
Estimating
Y
is close to 12 .
is close to 0.
22
is close to 1.
Fractions
You can estimate the sum or difference of fractions
by estimating the value of each fraction first.
3
183
265
3
1
8 is close to 2 ,
3 is close to
so 18
5
6 is close to 1,
5
so 26
is close to
121 .
3.
1 21
+ 3
4 21
Jamal read about 412 books
in the two weeks.
23
Fractions in
F
3
inches
24
1
2
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4
3
inches
11111111
88888888
Measurement
How long is this grasshopper?
When you measure something with a ruler, line
up one end of the object with the zero mark on
the ruler.
3
1 2
inches 4 4
3
4
25
Adding
W
1?
What is 2
5
5
If the fractions have the same denominators, add
the numerators and keep the same denominator.
2
5
1 21 3
5
5
5
2
5
2 parts
1 part
3 parts
26
1
5
3
5
Fractions
Harold made two kinds of soup. The vegetable
soup needed 5
cup of onions. The chicken soup
8
needed 1
8 cup of onions. All together, how many
cups of onions did Harold use?
The fractions have the same denominator, so just
add the numerators.
5
8
1
8
51
8
68
27
Subtracting
S
lik e fractions
Fractions tha
t
have the sam
e
denominator.
5
3
8
8
5
3
The fractions 8
and 8
are
like fractions. Subtract the
top numbers and keep the
bottom number the same.
5
3
8
8
53
8
2
8
28
Fractions
A pizza is cut into 6 slices. There were
4 slices, or 4, of the pizza left. Then Gary ate
6
3 more slices, or 3, of the pizza. What
6
fraction of the pizza is left?
The fractions 4 and 3 are
6
29
What Is a
A
46.37
whole number part decimal point decimal part
ones
decimal point
tenths
hundredths
tens
4 6 .37
In the number 46.37, the digit 3 has a value of
3 tenths, or 0.3.
The digit 7 has a value of 7 hundredths, or 0.07.
30
Decimal?
You can read any decimal number in four parts.
46.37
1. Read the whole
number part.
SAY:
forty-six
and
thirty-seven
hundredths
31
Decimals and
A
32
Fractions
Write 9 as a decimal.
10
0.
0.
0.9
8
83
3
810
33
Equivalent
S
0.1
0.10
The only difference is the zero on the right. You
can add zeros to the right of a decimal number
without changing its value.
34
Decimals
It does not matter how many zeros
you add to the end of a decimal.
The value does not change.
1.3 =
1.30 =
1.300
35
Comparing
A
3.42
3.47
3.42
3.47
3.42
3.47
3.42
3.47
36
Decimals
Lets look at another one.
Compare 1.3 and 1.13
1.3
1.13
1.30
1.13
1.30
1.13
1.30
1.13
37
Rounding
Y
0.056
0.056
38
Decimals
Rounding is like riding a roller coaster. Lets look
at an example.
Round the decimal 2.3 to the nearest
whole number.
The whole numbers 2 and 3 are at the bottom of
either side of the hill. Evenly spaced between 2 and
3 are the tenths.
39
Estimating
Y
estimateTo
find an
answer tha
t is not
exact; to m
ak e a
reasonable
guess.
12.65 rounds up to 13
2.3 rounds down to 2
13 2 15
40
Decimals
Paco and Jin each finished a maze as
quickly as they could. Paco finished in
16.18 seconds. Jin finished in 14.91
seconds. About how much faster did Jin
finish the maze than Paco?
You are finding the difference between Pacos time
and Jins time. This is a subtraction problem.
Since the problem asks about how much faster,
you do not need an exact answer. You can
estimate.
Round each decimal
number to the
nearest whole number.
16 15 1
41
Adding
D
3.5 2.1
Write the problem in a
column. Use the decimal
point to line up place values.
Put the decimal point in the answer.
3.5
2.1
.
3.5
2.1
.6
Add ones.
32=5
3.5
2.1
5.6
42
Decimals
Money values are written as decimals. Add money
the same way you would add any other decimal.
Abby spent $2.37 on an ice cream cone.
She also bought a candy bar for $0.59.
How much did Abby spend on both?
Add $2.37 and $0.59.
1
2.37
2.37
0.59 0.59
.
. 6
2.37
0.59
.96
2.37
0.59
2.96
43
Subtracting
D
5.8 4
5.8
4.
.
5.8
4.0
.
5.8
4.0
.8
Subtract tenths.
80=8
5.8
4.0
1.8
Subtract ones.
54=1
5.8 4 1.8
44
Decimals
Karen rode her bicycle 5.65 miles. John rode
3.16 miles. How much farther did Karen ride?
5.65
3.16
. 9
Subtract
hundredths.
15 6 = 9
5 15
5.65
3.16
.49
Subtract tenths.
51=4
5 15
5.65
3.16
2.49
Subtract ones
5 3 = 2.
45
Further Reading
Books
Greenberg, Dan. Funny & Fabulous Fraction
Stories. New York: Scholastic Press, 1999.
Hein, Marilyn B. Decimals. Carthage, IL: Teaching
and Learning Company, 1999.
Long, Lynette. Delightful Decimals and Perfect
Percents. Indianapolis: Wiley & Sons, 2002.
McMillan, Bruce. Eating Fractions. New York:
Scholastic Press, 1999.
46
Internet Addresses
Banfill, J. AAA Math. Fractions. 20002002.
<http://www.aaamath.com/fra.html>
Math.com. Homework Help Hot Subject:
Decimals. 20002005.
<http://www.math.com/homeworkhelp/
HotSubjects_decimals.html>
Math.com. Homework Help Hot Subject:
Fractions. 20002005.
<http://www.math.com/homeworkhelp/
HotSubjects_fractions.html>
47
Index
equivalent, 2021
estimating value, 22
estimating with, 23
improper, 1213
in measurement,
2425
proper, 1011
reading, 89
simplest form, 21, 27
subtracting, 2829
writing as decimals,
3233
half, 8, 9
numerator, 8, 16
fractions, 67, 89
adding, 2627
comparing, 1617
48
place value, 30
ruler, 2425