4s | | it i | i STRATIGRAPHIC ; MODELLING i i i I I I i V4 USER TRAINING MANUAL i i MAPTEK NO —> ¥ maa ‘Genera eam Hon et ool + Remo “DOW fiom Horizon List Tan" Gack Deitel on Data Reverte Conectter Date ves «_— ‘ie aren at ann We mag }—+ no —» re }——> 10 —>, ‘lp Gis » DOW Sie oe Gran Trion BGP Revering Link Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd Dritting Envisage Gri CaleStratigraphic Modeling Createa Topography rangle pee t Bnvisage Tea Fata ves ¢—[_ifiainginonea? > No —, eet Oma seigdpectes emo ¥ eens |g ves Tn aa? + x0 —>, IN resting, |e—us + WF >No ; rit cate ‘ans omy |__| potenti .—___ pd ~ v Treat see Gan ng ae ¥ Tannitangiien Jews « —[—veenraag —}-—> vo —», ¥ 4 Geontoaarinrman |} [Gansta .__] ¥ THE GEOLOGICAL MODEL In this course, the word “Model” is used loosely to mean either a set of grids or a single grid. Two types of grids are calculated from the geological data: ‘+ The first group of grids represents the physical surfaces such as topography, base of weathering, or the structural roof or floor of « horizon. These real surfaces are generally a height above ot below a datum surface, usually sea level. They are spatial, and as such, each may be displayed in space as 3-D single-value surfaces. That is, at any X-Y coordinate, only one value exists. Thus overturned, folded, or reverse faulted surfaces cannot be represented in a single grid array. ‘¢ The second type of grids is those that are not strictly spatial but are the representations of the areal or geographic variations of attribute data such as thickness or quality. In these cases the values represent differing “heights” above a zero datum. While the attribute types of grids are not strictly representable in physical space, they can be treated in a similar manner. ‘The fundamental purpose in grid modelling is to generate a set of regularly spaced estimates that adequately represent the corresponding values at the irregularly spaced borehole sampling points. By organizing the data into a regular grid of points the computer then knows which points are adjacent simply by the location in the matrix. Once the data is organised into a grid form, all variables of interest can be considered on a similar basis. Hence, all areas within the project boundary can be treated on @ calculus basis being essentially divided up into small differentials ofthe total area. For any cell we will have a full set of attributes enabling comparisons to be drawn. This is where the full benefits of gridding the data is gained. Triangulation modelling does not allow this ability. While triangles themselves form a good model, the lack of comparison between different variables with different sampling points makes later comparisons more difficult, especially with the non-spatial models. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd ulStratigraphic Modelling There are several steps in this course, which are common to all Vulcan geological modelling processes and should be review for you. Let’s face it, we can always use some practice and we should be able to ‘move through these topics very quickly. Simple tasks you leamed in the Design and Modelling 1 course will not be covered in any detail in these notes. ‘You will need to do three things to get started: 1. Create two directory folders, one for your Geological model and the other for your Mine Model. 2. Copy the original files into the geological directory. 3. Edit the supplied “Vulcan Project” file (DG1). Vulcan uses the file for sta Environment will be COAL .The Project Coordinate Extents are as follows: 1g Evisage. The X MINIMUM=2948000,000 Y MINIMUM=274800.000 ZMINIMUM=-100.000 X MAXIMUM=2982200.000 Y MAXIMUM=298100.000 ZMAXIMUM=600.000 PROJECT DISPLAY GRID=DEFAULT PROJECT COORDINATE UNITS=FEET EXAGGERATION=10.000 DESIGN="TOTAL’ Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 12Stratigraphic Modelling ‘Topic 1: Loading and Manipulating the Drillhole Data We are going to stat from scratch, just ike you would in the real world, The raw data files (CSV) that contain all of the drilfholes in the" DEF” mining area have been supplied. We must create a datasheet and load the drillholes into a Vulean database. Specific notes about loading drillhole databases can be found in the “Database Loading” section of this manual. ISIS Load the Raw Data ‘4 Examine the raw CSV data files. Note that there is no seam name associated with the quality data, or a thickness value in the lithology record. Look at the way the seams have been correlated in several drillhole. 4 Start {SIS with the GEO directory. Load the drillhole data from the three CSV files. Name the database "DEF.GEO". + Affer loading your data, open the database and check to make sure that all of the character fields are left Justified and the numeric fields are right justified. Make sure all fields loaded, the values and decimals look correct, and that no numbers were clipped during loading. ° ‘4 The Total Depth mapfileis extremely important to the modelling process. Its mandatory that this mapfile reflect the true bottom of the hole. The Total Depth mapfile is generated from the last interval of the drillhole, not from the Total Depth field. Ifthe last interval in your key does not represent the true total depth of the drillhole seen in the Total Depth field, you must run the “addtdlitho dbg” script to calculate a new bottom of hole interval for each drilhole. The “addtdlitho.dbg” seript has been included with this dataset for your convenience, or it can be obtained from MAPTEK if needed. ¢ Note thatthe thickness (To-From) values still need to be calculated. Use Field Calc to generate these values. Generate Database Listing (DBL) file for protecting your drillhole database. 4 The data that was loaded into the drillhole database is notin the correct format for modelling. Depths measured from collar elevations are thicknesses (depth to roof and depth to floor). We must have composited values based ‘on sea level for ereating both the structural and quality grids. We also need to know ifthe horizon has overburden, midburden, and partings. Mapfiles containing all ofthis information are generated from the drillhole database under the Geology/Drilling Uiities menu Making Mapfiles for Unconformities ~ The Depth of Weathering Surface + Any surface tha is defined as “Unconformable” must be treated independently. It cuts many or all of the horizons that will be modelled, The depth thatthe coal is weathered in each hole is a good example of this type of data 4 Itis best to generate the mapfiles forall unconformable surfaces before creating them for the mineable horizons. All mapfiles are generated through the Geology/Drilling Utilities/Mapfile Build Macro men. The option creates a user-defined macro that can be run at any time. When the option is selected, the Macro - ID panel is displayed. Supply @ name for the resulting macro and click OK. Enter DOW (Depth of Weathering) for the macro name. CSRS Prot repics macros (oro version 4.0) an be run by typing an “underscore” before the macro name in the initial Macro 1D panel. For example: type “All_Mapfiles” to invoke a macro named Q Ok Cancel All_Mapfiles.bhg_cmnd. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 13Stratigraphic Modelling The following panel will be displayed. [Check the aptone you wan! orn at thine. I none ae elected, rthing willbe contd eceot he specication fle for generating maples at ‘The ISIS Mapfte Generation = Macro Definition panel is ‘sed for paging (G5 Oetaber erty) > Reco uncon) Hae end) (Gp Sundae cteniie {rough th steps wed Map Peras for ting a macro "facie Varun 2G Cote Tec em aA omar lxoreate caro. sa orieneng ie ESR, | Thee aelones toate Sint 2lmoxom mines “The fons seen om the Jeftof the panel allow ‘he user to open the .ede glob, Editing the Color Table, Creating a Legend, and Checking the Data @ When you start Envisage for the first time, a design database called TOTAL will be created automatically by the commands in your DGI file. View the default color scheme by clicking on the Color icon. If you have other Vulcan models generated before version 4.0, you will probably want to. edit the Color Table in Envisage to match the customised colors you have used in the past. The easiest way to do this is to copy the .sed file from the old model, and save the appropriate color scheme to the current design database. In the past, for plotting purposes the first eight colors in the table had to match the list below. These colors are: 1=Black Black Red 5= Yellow Blue Magenta ¢ Edit some of the others to create nice Brown, Purple, Orange colors also. Save the color table with a name. Also select Files/Save to save to the DGD so it will be the default. @ Use the Analyse/Legend Edit/Create to make a drilling color legend for viewing your drillholes. Open and view your drillhole database using the Geology/Drilling/Name option. @ Use the Geology/Drilling Utilities/Check Drillholes option to quickly analyze the database’s "Litho" record. Runalll of the options, use a contrasting color, and set | +74 A =] the size to 50, Ifthe data is in feet, the drllhole highlight will be 50 feet wide. 7 upotCorsa are Right mouse click on the drillholes that have been Ba Gait highlighted. Select Edit Database to correct any Fee sas eae problems reported by the option. Save the edits. 4. Use Geology/Drilling Utilties/DB Record Definition to | SO" Hl Helsttdeeineewnin fb define the "Quality" record. Run Check Drillholes on B ‘Ok. Concel ‘the quality record by picking Overlapping Sections only, because there is no seam name in the quality record. Correct all reported database problems. Make sure to save the edits to the database. Drilling Urilites can use only one database record at a time, s0 you should re-set the option to the Lithology record. @ Use Geology/Drilling Section/Create Section and pick two points and a width for a cross-section through the drillhole locations. A structural cross-section will be displayed. ¢ Use Database Correlation to automatically display correlation lines on the sections. Correlate seams for each cross-section as needed. Identify the boreholes to be edited from each cross-section. Fix any correlation problems in the database and save the edits. osi1éc prazc —ena39c eri4ic Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 16Stratigraphic Modelling Generating the Structural and Quality Mapfiles 4 Restart the Geology/Drilling Utilities/Mapfile Build Macro option. Enter Structural as the macro identifier. 4 The Standard Mapfile/Horizon Criteria option is used to setup the criteria for searching the drillhole database, Database searches can be limited by using this option. In some cases, the database correlations may designate both “‘coal and parting” with the seam name. We must use the rock lithology to eliminate the inseam waste. For those types of databases, enter “Litho” (Rock Type) into the Character Field box and “CO” into the Contents box. A thickness limit can be applied here if desired. For this data set we will be applying additional limiting criteria only when addressing our quality data. Check to verify that your Horizon List contains all of the mineable seams to be modelled, in order from surface downward (without the Depth of Weathering surface). The Horizon List should not contain Depth of Weathering or unconformable surfaces when you are running Check Drillholes, generating your structural mapfiles, or modelling. When finished use Mapfile/Save Horizon List. Saving the list creates an ASCII specification file named: .gde glob. WecoDation GB Dass (rade) 3 Fecadnanison % ‘The WIL herzon i large deposit ‘of sand and grave. twill not be trenton eel sen, I a i ? ot | coe ¢ Use Geology/Drilling Utilities/Mapfile Build Macro to generate the “Total Depth” mapfile. Under the ‘Mapfile Parameters panel, select the Total Depth button and enter “TD” as the Additional Id. The Total Depth mapfile will be used to help define the areal extent of each horizon. © Check to be sure the Standard Mapfile/Horizon Criteria option is still set properly. This option is used to define the mineable material for the structural mapfiles. The weathered coal is differentiated in the Lithology information, We do not want to eliminate any of the structural thickness by disregarding the weathered part of the horizon, but we do want to eliminate the weathered intervals, from our composited quality values (see the Quality Modelling section for details). The default is set to use the Data Record defined in the Record (Mandatory) panel. In this case, we will use all ‘occurrences of the Seam field. Create a series of structural mapfiles containing XYZ data values for each seam to be modelled, including the “PRR” horizon. Apply the panel defaults for this dataset, These files are the base data for all Grid Cale modelling. The mapfiles are named using the convention: .map (defbr.map). Save the mapfile statistics report from the scroll window by using the Save option and supplying a file name. Get in the habit of always naming similar types of files in a like manner. For example, a file saved from the Report (Scroll) Window is named with a descriptive identifier and a “.rep” file extension. + If there is not sufficient information about the depth of weathering in each drillhole, the roof of fresh ‘coal can be used as a lower limit of weathering. A top of fresh coal grid is made by generating a Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Lid 17Stratigraphic Modelling Total Thickness mapfile containing “Depth to Roof? values for the first horizon, and gridding the SR data in Grid Calc. The data is usualy used in conjunetion with a specific depth from topography, so that fresh coal above the specified depth is not eliminated. A Total Thickness mapfile can be created in the same manner as the Total Depth mapfile, except the Total Thick box is selected instead of the Total Depth box. This mapfile can also be used for modelling the total mineable unit of coal. ¢ Ifthe quality record in your database has a “Horizon Name” associated with it, you can use Mapyfiles Parameters to create yout quality mapfiles. Change the record from “Litho” to “Qual.” The quality record may have to be defined under the Record (Mandatory) panel. This method does not allow the same flexibility as the Composite Mapfile options (see the Quality Modelling section of this manual for details). If your data set does not have a seam name associated with the quality record (like this database), the Composite Mapfile menus must be used to create the quality mapfiles. The "Lith" and "Quality" records must be combined to define which seams the analytical samples are associated with. See the section of this manual named: “Quality Modelling” for more information, 4 We will generate a set of quality mapfiles designated with an “A” and a set with “B” designations. Fill in the Mapfile/Composite panel as seen below. ¢ For the second set of “B” files, change the Maple ID from ‘“A” to “B”, Variable “ASH” to “EQ”, and Variable “SULFUR” to “RD.” Remove all information for the Variable “BTU.” Click OK. Capture the mapfile statistics from the scroll window. Examine the mapfile statistics for unexpected results, Correct all errors. ¢ Accomplimentary set of composited mapfiles will have to be generated for the PRR horizon, without ing the and LITHO eq “CO” qualifier. Turn off the “All Horizons” box and enter “PRRA” as the first identifier and “PRRB” as the identifier for the next run, Borehole Graphics macros (prior to 4.0) can be run by typing an “underscore” before the macro name in the initial Macro ID panel. vampler fat fom he hve majors of modsing ps we whe wing: cnane Aap, prapcteansDnap moe irage | wggeh, I= ISRAMICOMIAR (DR DT sR Ugh PT oR gotatdoc 253fs71, 00 "zissos. soo! ie 'g98,a0 \Us.700 '21.so0 ‘279.60 'F13.g0 '"s.s00 "0.000 '"¢.o0 'fs.700 's Hobaiaie goveiao:ne 90199600 RE 391.0 25.000 31900 268-7 239.80 6.900 0-000 0.00 28.000 & 5B goc Easting. IMoeihing, _I—ISEARICoLLer (ASK ISHLRURISRaOG, |3ft09e TU, Sobtagac S98LE7E. coo "BESBGE soo! Ae eve.g9 daar '“Ivss" gyece0 Binelsid Seratao.oie aeeishiese fe | SeScas deat Tea See.mo 28 sap lBaseing | igcensng, 1 SEARICeLIax 1 Sottrsac ES3LE9E con MBSsban soo! Me ane. ‘33.26 Eooaisie dvaigocSe S901s%.000 RE Dessa5 33:30 ‘Ei Have desron fe | Datborfaniaoy) | Thwe ve moxmano tht nis pectedton debe and? "3 Reccdinanacy) | Avner nebeencefred uri th Rca are A Horzn andy 1 Gp surdaa ape (SP piowon Cc | Rapin FalrionDain : Ma Pats Acar | Vaile |toinn Osa] Waseda | Laeeseien” | aiknSeoee | jou —syiash el ‘ca ‘0 | Comnieromens | 2 —4 = | Seles fds a Ca | yeu woul like to Bl i | Q Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pry Ltd 18 i ee ehStratigraphic Modelling Selecting All Horizons generates mpfiles fo all horizons sted inthe “degde glob" fle atone time, faNeeeaneme Individual seam mamescanbe [ety Sia. substituted forthe “sin Horieon Region. Define the Mineable Material witha statement inthe Horizon, Region ara. Material that do&s ‘not match this definition will be ‘treated as waste Define the Density Deft applicable, The composites will be weighted by their density values, “There are three methods for ‘handling the waste material while compositing, Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 19 ‘Adda Maple Header for ease of we and ploting capabilites. Unrestricted Format allows fields to be wider han the nora Sechaactr wit. ‘Applying an'“A" as an identifier wll force the names ofthe maple 0 “SDEFAMAP” Selecting Verbose supplies statistics. Define a Null Value to apply to the intervals that have not been analyzed,Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 2: Prep Work in Envisage ~ Model Limits, Topography, and Fault Zones Defining the Modelling Specifications The first modelling decision you must make is to select a mapping window for generating your grids, You must study the plan of borehole locations and note the coordinates of an appropriate window covering the extent of the data you wish to model. The modelling process automatically adds a small edge selvage to the border of the map (4 times the grid cell size) and any data in this zone will also be in the model. This border is used to control the edges of the map. Although the data in this zone is used, the edge grid cells are not written to disc as part of the grid model. ‘The gridding window must be a multiple of your grid cell size. When you nominate the grid cell size you ‘must have an understanding of the spacing of the data points. The use of a regular grid over the data spread means that most of the data lies away from a grid node unless the deposit has been drilled on a grid pattern. This lack of coincidence means that the gridding technique must endeavor to preserve the inflection points in the data and reflect them in the grid nodes. Ifa large (coarse) grid size is used then it becomes difficult to represent such local inflections in the model. If the grid size is small (too fine) then excessive computation and over-representation will take place. This also can lead to minor irregularities in the grids occurring between the data points. A good rule of thumb is the grid size should be around one-fifth of the average data spacing. Creating the Extrapolation Mask 4 Load the collar locations from the drillhole database into Envisage. Use Geology Drilling/Location to load the collars as points. The Environment should be Coal, the Datasheet is GEO, and there is no Optional Identifier (BLANK). Click on OK. Leave the * * * in the following panel so that all drillholes are loaded. The drillholes will be displayed in the centre of the screen if the DGI file was set up correctly. Adjust the file if necessary. 4 Make a polygon for masking the grids as they are created. The polygon should represent the edge of the proven reserves plus an extrapolation distance for probable/possible reserves. Use the Design/Create/Polygon option with the Snap to Point icon to digitize the polygon, connecting the ‘outermost drillholes in a clockwise manner. Use the Design/Polygon Edit/Expand option to enlarge the polygon by the pre-defined distance (2000’ for this model). The larger polygon defines an area of extrapolation, or data reliability, outside of the actual data points. Any drillholes that you do not wish to use in the model should not be included within this polygon. Name the layer containing this polygon, “Modelmask”, The new polygon will be used as a grid mask for visualisation purposes. Defining the Modelling Boundary ¢ Ifa grid cell size has been predetermined for modelling, apply a drafting grid by selecting Analyze/Grid/Apply and entering the desired gridding interval, or a multiple of the interval. To determine the optimal cell size, display the drilling on the screen, and zoom in to the area that contains the closest spaced holes. It is ideal if the gridding increment is set to allow at least two grid cells between the closest driltholes. Sometimes itis not possible because of the size of the modelling area. If the majority of your drilling is widespread, but you have areas of tightly spaced drillholes (such as crop drilling), additional work will be needed to get an accurate model. For this data it has been determined that a grid cell size of 50 feet is optimal. # Determine a rectangular modelling arca that encompasses the drilling data and “Modelmask” polygon, Use Design/Create/Layer to make a new layer named “Modelbound”. Digitize a clockwise polygon defining the gridding area, by snapping each of the four comers of the polygon to the Grafting grid. Make sure the polygon is large enough to encompass future pit design projections to topography. Use Analyze/Details/Coordinate to determine the polygon’s extents, (Minimum X and Y, Maximum X and ¥). Make sure the polygon is rectangular. The coordinates will be needed to create the Grid Cale modelling specifications. All grids will fll this rectangular area. Vulcan does not have a limit on the number of grid cells you can model at one time, Therefore, the grid sizes are only limited by hardware speed and disk space available for storing large directories. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 20Stratigraphic Modelling Grids with more than 100,000 cells may be slow and cumbersome on some machines. If you feel that this may be a problem, and the grid cell size has not been pre-determined, a suitable grid cell size must be calculated from the “Modelbound” extents. The total gridding area can be used to calculate a suitable size. For practical reasons, 100,000-150,000 cells are recommended. The following formula can be used to calculate the number of grid cells: Maximum X - Minimum X = A Maximum Y - Minimum Y = B Divide A by the proposed grid cell siz Divide B by the proposed grid cell size =D C *D=Number of Grid Cells “Note: The SETTINGS button on the original Workbench window is used to increase the Vulcan array sizes of large models. Load Topography Data and Create a Triangulation Model 4. Select a good default color for your topography contours. Load the DXF flyover topo into Envisage by using Files/Import ~Export/Import DXF. Use the defaults. Load the collar locations from the drillhole database into Envisage. Use the option Geology/ Drilling/Location to load the collars as points. ‘¢ Model the drillhole data and the topography contours together using Model/Triangle Surface/Create with Spurs, Carefully check the model for accuracy. Save the triangulation with the name: topo (a “00¢" suffix will automatically be added to the name). ¢ For additional information about modelling or editing topography, see the section in this manual titled: “Topography Modelling.” Creating Fault Zones In Envisage, load the DXF file called “faultline.dxf.” Display the drillholes and the “Modelbound” layer also, Use Design/Point Edit/Append to extend each fault line so that it crosses either another fault line or the “Modelbound” polygon. Each area created by extending the fault lines must contain at least three Grillholes for defining the plane of the fault. Save the final results. ¢ Use Design/Polygon Edit/Build to create the fault zones we will use for our grid modelling. Save your work. Deselect the original fault layer. Use Design/Object Ediv/Drag to inspect each resultant polygon for accuracy. Do not save after dragging the polygons around the screen. Each of these Zones will be modeiled independently of one another, and attached at common grid cells, creating separate fault blocks. See the section of this manual titled: "Fault Modelling with Zones in Grid Cale" for additional information. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 21Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 3: Macros, Defining the Grid Cale Specifications, and Gridding the Topography Triangulation Grid Cale - Macros ‘When using Vulcan's Graphical Grid Generator/Calculator, Grid Cale, it is often advantageous to record the steps taken during a session so they can be rerun as a macro in a later session. This process can be a great time saving benefit and becomes easier as one becomes familiar with the workings of Grid Calc. It should be noted that everything that can be created using a macro could also be created using the graphical user interface of Grid Cale (.., the pull down menu system). This course presents some ‘common geological/mining problems relating to the creation, manipulation, and display of grid models. ‘The steps for each procedure are recorded in the Grid Cale “replay.gdc_cmnd” file and presented for ‘editing into a macro upon exit from the program. The previous steps within a session can also be saved and edited at any time by using Macro/Save Macro. All Grid Cale macros must have the naming convention ".gde_crmd.” The fundamental macro writing concepts are easily extrapolated into complex, multi-seam deposits by copying, pasting, and changing the variables, or inserting a “$1” for each occurrence of a variable, Examples of both methods are supplied with this documentation. “Good practice” procedures in documenting Grid Cale macros are extremely important, as is familiarity with a screen editor such as “Wordpad.” Header and comment standards for Grid Cale macros are suggested as a form of self-documentation and are highly recommended. If you are using a PC and wish to create a new macro without going through the menus in Grid Cale, it is best to copy and paste an existing macro in your explorer window. Change the identifying name of the copy, and then remove the “Copy of” portion of the name. Do not edit the “.gde_cmnd” portion of the name. Other methods may rename the file as a “.TXT” type and make it unusable as 2 macro. Procedures 1, Generating a Faulted Geological Model. 2. Creating and manipulating the Quality models. 3. Clipping grids to a limiting surface (DOW) and pinching clipped TK grids out to zero thickness, Generating suberop and outcrop seam limits Generating Seam Existence grids and limiting polygons. Masking all grids where thickness is zero ot the seam does not exist. Generating Strip Ratio models limited by seam thickness. Creating and manipulating the Mine Model. Calculating Reserves on both the Geological and Mine Models. ens Create the Modelling and Reserving Specification File # Start Grid Cale and use Setup/Specifications to create a modelling specification file by entering the minimum and maximum X and Y values of the “Modelbound” polygon, and your pre-determined ‘gridding increment. Be sure to insert the name "MASK" in the box labeled Database area name for ‘mask strings, The MASK database will store all of the default masking polygons that are created automatically in Grid Cale. These polygons mask all areas outside of the data points. We have created “Modelmask” for viewing our grid models a specific distance from the drillholes. Name the file: “ALL”. Select the Files/Save Specs option to save the file. The resultant file name is: gde_spec --- defall.gde_spec. Grid the Topography Triangulation Set the Grid Cale/Preferences panel so that triangulations, grids, and grid scale display automatically. At this time, the settings in this panel cannot be saved, so you will have to set them each time you start Grid Cale. The Preferences may have to be disabled when running macros that generate grids ot triangulations. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 22Stratigraphic Modelling eee Load the topography triangulation model created earlier in Peon | Envisage using Grid Calc/Triangulation/Load F giceew epi tae Triangulation and picking “topo.00t” as the name. If the cman Grid Cale Preferences are set to automatically display the Per se bon triangulation, it should be visible. If itis not, use the u Effects toolbar to turn off the Hardware Lighting button. Use the Grid Cale/Model/Model memu option to grid the triangulation, Select Trend Order of "1", and "10" Smoothing Passes. Ignore all of the other options. Grid Calc is smart enough to realise that the data is already modelled and requires only a grid to be applied over the existing triangulation, Check the statistics. See page 27 for details. Is a trend order of “1” the most efficient? 4 Use the Model/Unmask option to remove the default mask from the grid ¢ Be sure to save the topo grid by typing at the gde> prompt: save topo.tp. The grid may also be saved using the Files/Save Grid option. Save the commands you used by using the Macro/Save Macro option. Create a macro of the modelling steps. It should look similar to the following example: “Always include the filename, "Filename: DEFO_TOPO.GDC_CMND author, ereation or editing 'DSR 3/2/2002 << dates and a detailed "This macro generates a topography grid from a triangulation, | description of the contents in P ee s the header of each macro. LOAD_TRI /FILE=topo.00t MODEL /TRIANGULATION /GRID_SIZE=50 /TREND=3 /SMOOTHING=9 /WINDOW=(0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000) UNMASK save topo.tp Copyright ©2003. Maptek Pty Ltd 23Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 4: Prepare the Split Table, Copy the “GLOB” File, and Run Fixmap Defining the Seam Splitting Relationships ‘¢ Examine the following two diagrams and then define the splitting relationships for the seams in the Setup/Define Splits panel. The smallest level of split should be entered into the columns on the left of the panel. All parent seams should be entered on the right side. Save the Split Table to your “GLOB? file by selecting Files/Save Specs. Fixmap can be run using the defaults from the Setup(Define Splits panel ot with maximum flexibility from the Serup/Run Fixmap option. See the example in the “Fixmap” section of this manual. Using Multiple “GLOB" Files ‘¢ Examine the “z.map - defrez.map. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pry Ltd 4Stratigraphic Modelling ‘Topic 5: Loading the Fixmap Drillhole Database See the example in the “Féxmap” section of this manual, ¢ You have been supplied with two generic files (fmp.dsf and defflag.def) that can be used with any database by making simple edits. The “fimp.dsf” file is the generic datasheet you will need to import the Fixmap DBL file. The “defflag def” file must be named with the project identifier: “flag.def.” The “defflag.def” file populates the “Flag” field in the Fixmap database. No {internal edits are required for the “defflag.def” file. ‘# Start ZSIS, Load the supplied Datasheet file (fmp.ds). 4 Load the DBL file created by the Fixmap process. Check the database, Run the supplied DCF script (defflag.def) to generate flags designating whether the seam originally existed in the raw data (P) or if it was calculated by Fixmap (M). Save the edits. 4 Load the new “FMP” database. Create a new color scheme using the “Horizon” field, Examine cross- sections throughout the entire area, concentrating on the edges and sparse data areas. Make sure to post the “Flag” field next to the drillholes. 4 Make the desired edits, ifany. Save your edits. Re-create your Fixmap maptiles from this database if it has been edited. Topic 6: Creating User Definable Modelling Methods and Variables in Grid Calc User definable modelling methods are created and deleted under the option Setup/Define Method in Grid Cale. User definable methods allow the modeller to specify gridding algorithms, search distances, number of points used in determining a grid value, and the application of specific grid masks, etc, Examples of user definable modelling methods in Grid Calc are found in the “Automated Swratigraphic Modelling in Grid Cale” section of the manual. Fot most purposes, itis sufficient to define four methods for integrated stratigraphic modelling in Grid Cale: 1) THICK - an inverse distance method for modelling all thickness. 2) SURF - a triangulation method for structural surfaces. Trend = 1 for this model. 3) QUAL - an inverse distance method for modelling quality variables. 4) EXIST - an inverse distance method for generating seam limits. The method uses only one point, no smoothing of trending. ¢ Specify the “Modelmask” polygon in the TOTAL database as the mask polygon to be used initially. Complete the Masking panel as shown in the “Automated Stratigraphic Mode ule” section of the book, substituting the information from above in the appropriate fields. ‘¢ User defined variables are created and deleted under the option Serup/Define Variable in Grid Cale. Define all of the non-standard variables you will be modelling. Variable names always consist of two characters. The standard (machine defined) variables are: SR, SF, ST, TK, OB, MD, TP, PT, DR, AND DF. These names are off limits for identifying other variables. When we model the qualities, we do not wish to include the zero values, so make sure (o select the Ignore Zero Values for loading the quality mapfiles. ¢ The order in which the Defined Variables exist in the “def.gde_glob” file is the same order in which your reserved variables will be reported in Rsvue. If you need the report output in a specific manner, make sure to check the order in the “def.gde_giob” file. Any variable that is not defined is reserved as a quality type. We will want to define variables for: Ash (AS), As Delivered Ash (AD), BTU (BT), As Delivered BTU (BD), Equilibrium Moisture (EM), As Delivered Equilibrium Moisture (ED), Sulfur (SU), As Delivered Sulfur (SD), Relative Density (RD), Run of Mine Thickness (RM), Coal Tonnage (TN), In- place Stripping Ratio (IR), Recoverable Stripping Ratio (RR), Weathered Burden-Topo to DOW (RE), Non-Weathered Burden-DOW to Coal Roof (GR), Composited Midburden to be Removed by Dozers <10” Thick (DZ), Composited Midburden to be Removed by Draglines >10” Thick (DL), Orange Seam Group Roof (RO), Overburden Thickness to Orange Seam Group (TO), Area of Orange Seam Group (OA), Red Seam Group Roof (RR), Overburden Thickness to Red Seam Group (TR), and the Area of Red Seam Group (RA). Copyright ©2003, Maptek Pty Lid 25Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 7: Creation of a Faulted Stratigraphic Model Automatic Modelling with Zones ¢ The basics of this procedure are clearly outlined in “Automated Stratigraphic Modelling in Grid Cale” with additional references in section titled: Fault Modelling with Zones.” The Create Model ‘Macro option is found under the Mode! menu in Grid Calc. Complete the panel as described, giving ‘the macro the name: “l_model”. Use seam “REL” as the Starting Horizon. The starting horizon should be the seam that has a maximum number of real data points. Use "Z” as the Mapfile Suffix (Fixmap generated files). Model ST as TK. The total thickness of a coal seam, which includes parting, is “ST.” The thickness of just the coal within a seam is designated “TK.” This dataset has ‘been correlated to omit all inseam parting, so ST equals TK. Specify the previously defined user modelling methods for Thickness and Surface. Do not Clip Grid Masks at Topo. ‘¢ Generate the Command File only, because we are generating a faulted model. After running the model, review the macro: “defl_model.gde_cmnd.” ‘¢ The starting seam’s structure floor is the only surface that is modelled directly from the mapfile data. ‘We must model this seam manually to apply the fault zones. Edit the “defT_model.gde_cmnd" macro and remove all of the lines near the top of the file which pertain to the modelling of the REL.SF grid (starting surface). Change the name of the resulting list file also (neat top of macro). Save the resulting file as “defl_fault_model.gde_cmnd’” Use Data/Load Mapfile to load the DEFRELZ.MAP file using SF as the variable. © Load the fault zones by selecting Zones/Load Zones. Set all of the zones and query the zones to make sure there are at least three drillholes in each zone. Select Grid Cale/Model/Model and choose the Triangulation method with a Trend Order of "1". Zoning allows trends of 1 or 0. # Use the Grid Cale/Model/Unmask option to remove the default mask from the resulting grid. Use Grid Cale/Model/Mask to apply the "Modelmask" layer to the grid. Rotate the grid to check it for accuracy. Save the grid as REL.SF. Save the gridding statistics from the Report Window. ¢ When the modelling process is complete, use Zones/Set Zones-Clear All Zones to disable the option before running the modelling macro. 4 Open a report window. Select Macro/Invoke Macro and pick the macto name: “defl_fault_model.gdc_cmnd” from the list, A faulted, integrated stratigraphic model will be produced from the manually created REL.SF grid. The SR, SF, TK, and MD grids are produced. A file containing all of the modelling parameters and statistics is automatically produced during the automated modelling process. The file is named: “defI_fault_model.gde_list.” Load the drilling by name. Use Geology/Drilling Section/Create Section and pick two points and a width for a cross-section through the drillhole locations. A structural cross-section will be displayed. Display the grid model and view the grid model. Note that the grids go above topography. © Open the “defT_fault_model.gde_list” file and familiarize yourself with the modelling statistics. ‘The steps used to model the faulted structure floor can be added to the “defl_fault_model.gde_cmmd” file for re-modelling at a later date. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 26Stratigraphic Modelling ‘Trend Surface Modelling and Statistical Measures ‘The trending of grids is an attempt to express the natural shape ofthe regional and local geology in on grid. ‘The method is best fitted in areas where you lack sufficient control points to produce the structural shape you desire. The trend will fita regional shape to the data and this will form the foundation ofthe final interpolation. Care must be taken in choosing the order of the trend surface, Order relates to the complexity of the tend surface. First Order Polynomial — A plane surface, Z=Cl+C2x+C3y ‘Second Order Polynomial ~ Parabolic (Anticlinal or Synclinal). Z=C1+C2x + Cy + Cx? + CSxy + Cby2 ‘Third Order Polynomial - Cubic (Folding, Double Bends). Z=Cl+ Cx + C3y + C4x2 + CSxy + C6y2-+C7K3 + C8xdy + COny2 + C10y3 ‘As your job runs using the Trend Surface option the terminal will echo various statistics inthe following form: Determining trend surface Polynomial trend surface order : 1 Goodness of fit : 0.068 Correlation coeffient : 0.261 F-Statistic : 36.487 Degrees of Freedom : (2,998,1000) Residual data range, -92.924 to 52.534 Data points now set to the residuals ‘The statistics are useful in determining how close the trend fits the data. Use this information to determine how relevant the trending has been. ‘The aim is NOT to get maximum fit. Goodiness of Fit - A fraction of the Total Variation expressed by the Trend Surface. Average of (I-residual value). 1.00 is a perfect match Correlation Coefficient - Square root of the Goodness of Fit value, Conventional measure of fit for Linear ‘Regression. It indicates the degree of correlation between two datasets It is equal to their variance divided by the product of their standard deviations. 1,00 is the best possible. Statistic - A statistical value that can be used for the Analysis of Variance. This value could be compared to standard F-Distribution tables to determine the statistical significance of the fit, Degrees of Freedom - The statistical term that provides the parameter for the F-Distribution, These values are needed forthe use of statistical tables. Inserting the “PRR” seam 4 Use Setup/Horizon Table to add the PRR seam back into the list of horizons. ¢ By definition, the “PRR” seam exists solely within the midburden of the “REL” horizon. The floor of the REU/REM seams is identical to the roof of the “PRR.” Likewise, the roof of the “REL” horizon is the same as the floor of the “PRR” seam. The thickness of the “PRR” seam is the difference between the two, and the midburden must equal zero. Create an auxiliary command file to the main “def?_fault_model,gde_cmnd” geological modelling ‘macto that generates the “PRR” grids, forcing them to match the structures above and below, thus eliminating any "stray" mid-burdens. The model will now have the correct grids for the “PRR” horizon. Note that we have been imbedding numbers in the names of the macros. Its helpful for remembering the order the macros should be run in, See the following example: Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 27Stratigraphic Modelling Always include the filename, author, cretion 1 Filename: deflb_pragjust.gde_emnd tJ oretitng dates anda detailed description of {se soma the contents inthe header ofeach macro. | This isan auxiliary macro tothe main “de_ful_ model gde_emnd”geologiea! modelling macro. It eomecs" I the PRR structure grids, forcing them to match thestactres above and below, eliminating any "stay" { mid-burdens By definition, the PRR isa “smug” fit berweon the REMREU siructre floor, and the I REL structure roof (wherever exists). | Correlate the REU.SF and the PRR.SR presr=reust I Correlate the REL-SR and the PRR.SF presferelsr e-caloulate the PRR.TK. prrak=prrsr-prrst ! Generate a PRR.MD grid of zero values (3 methods). premd=reu.sf(relsrtrelmd) ! DEFINE/WINDOW=(2957800.000,279200.000,2973600.000,293400.000)(GRID_SIZE=S0/VALU} ! MASK/DESIGN_DB=TOTAL/AREA_MASK/LAYER=(modelmask) fave prramd. ! prramd=0 ! MASK/DESIGN_DB=TOTAL/AREA_MASK/LAYER=(modelmask) ve prramd *#"*Copy the SR, SF, and TK grids for the uppermost seam (BR) to X.SR, X.SF, and X.TK. Use the "X" ‘grids for writing your macros. Doing this will remove all possibility of redundancy when running your macros. Topic 8: Creating and Adjusting the Quality Models Generating the Quality Grids from the Grid Cale Modelling Table ¢ We will not be modelling any quality data for the WIL sand and gravel horizon. We are only interested in where this horizon exists ¢ Use the Model/Modelling Table option to set up the gridding parameters. The table is named after the area specification, i.e., "ALL." For detailed information concerning the Modelling Table see the supplemental section in this manual titled: “Quality Modelling.” Use Model/Generate Model - Model All Grids/Generate Command File and Grids to create the quality grids and the command file. Ash (AS), Sulfur (SU), BTU (BT), Equilibrium Moisture (EM), and Relative Density (RD) will be modelled for each horizon, and the quality modelling macro and list file will be produced. Rename the macro to: “def2_all.gde_emmnd” and the list file to “def2_all.gde_list” ALL QUALITY GRIDS ARE CREATED EXCEPT SEAMS: BL, AY (Density Only), and PLAT. ‘THESE SEAMS DID NOT HAVE QUALITY SAMPLES. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 28Stratigraphic Modelling Creating Grid Models for Horizons with no Quality Data + Review the “de/2b_create_djlt_quals.gde_cmnd” and “def2b_dftt_qual_master.gde_cmnd” ‘macros shown below. These command files generate all quality grids for the BL and PLAT seams using default values. A density grid is generated for the AY seam also. Each grid created in this step will have a constant value. Later we will convert dry basis qualities to EQ+2 (delivered) basis ‘qualities, This step requires an analytical model for every horizon. Otherwise, we could have centered the same values used to create these grids into the Quality Parameters panel when running the Mine Model and gotten quality grids for each seam at that point, Create and execute the "defab_dfit_qual_master.gde_cmnd' file to generate the missing quality grids. “Always include the filename, author, creation a cm or eting dates anda detailed desertion of | lename: deb created quate cmd i tng Sot aed dill dentin DSR: 2/20/2002 | This macro generates default grids for those qualities required in the Mine Modelling Procedure, | Use the "def2b_dfit_qual_master.gde_emnd” macro to execute this file. 1 The arguments are as follows: ! $1=SEAM NAME; 1 $2=QUALITY VALUE 1 $3= QUALITY VARIABLE =S1.tk*0 +82 save S1.$3 ‘Always include the filename, author, creation | Filename: def2b_dfit_qual_master.gde_emnd ‘or etiing dues pata deta description of 1 the contents inthe header of each macro DSR: 2/20/2002 | This procedure creates default grids for those Seams without quality data. | These grids are used for "As Delivered” calculations later. ‘This macro executes the "def2b_create_dflt_quals.gcic_cmnd’ file. ‘The values are averages derived from models in adjacent modelling areas. ! Start an Activity Log for your records, ERROR/GOTO=EXIT_LABEL, ACTIVITY_LOG/LOG=DEF2B_DEFAULT_QUALS.GDC_LIST LAY Seam @def2b_create_dfit_quals AY 1.282 RD BL Seam @udet2b_create_dfit_quals BL 36.99 AS @def2b_ereate_dfit_quals BL 0.59 SU @def2b_create_dfit_quals BL 7934 BT @detb_create_dfit_quals BL 30.38 EM @udet2b_ereate_dfit_quals BL. 1.282 RD PLAT Seam @udefab_create_dnt ¢ @udet2b_crente_afit @udef2b_create_dft_¢ @def2b_ereate_dfit_quals PLAT 30.38 EM @sdef2b_erente_dfit_quals PLAT 1.370 RD Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 29Stratigraphic Modelling, Adjusting Relative Density to Absolute Density *** NOTE: All calculations involving a density value in Vulcan use the Absolute Density (Tons/ft* or Tons/m’).. ‘¢ Examine the “de/2c_dens_adjustgde_cmnd” and “def2e_dens_adj_master.gde_cmnd" macros below. ‘These macros adjust the Specific Gravity or Relative Density grids to Absolute Density in tons/ft’ with the ‘equation: dn = -rd * 0.03121. Invoke the “de/2e_dens_ad)_master.gde_cmnd” command, file to convert the qualities. NOTE: This script calls the Grid Cale macro “def2e_dens_adjust.gde_cmnd” which changes the target QUALITY grids cumulatively each time itis run. I should only be 1un once to achiove the adjustment, Create your own macros for adjusting the densities. ‘Always include the filename, author, creation { Filename: def2e_dens_adjust.gde_emnd or editing dates and a detailed description of 1 DSR: 2/20/2002 the contents in the header of each macro. ! {To convert (grams/cc) to (pounds/f), multiply by 62.43. 62.43 Ih/t? * 2000 Ibstton = 0.03121 Tons/f? 11, Adjusts the Specific Gravity-RD (grams/ce’) grid to a (Tons/tt) 1” DENSITY grid: .dn=rd* 0.03121 1 0.03121 = Conversion Factor =S1.rd*0,03121 save SL.dn ‘Always include the filename, author, creation 1 Filename: def2o-dene_edj_ master gdo_emnd orediting dates and a detailed description of| 1DSR: contents in the header of each macro. DSR: 2/20/2002 the contents in the header of each {This macro: 11, Adjusts the RD grid to @ Tonsleu,ft DENSITY grid: dn=rd * 0.03121 ! | WARNING: This script calls the Grid Cele macro (dens_adjust) which changes the target QUALITY | grids cumulatively each time itis run. It should only be run once to achieve the adjustment. 11, Convert RD to DENSITY - multiply by 0.03121 @def2e_dens_adjust br @def2e_dens_adjust ar @det2e_dens_adjust rewu @ddef2e_dens_adjust rem @ddet2e_dens_adjust reu @ddef2c_dens_adjust pre @ddef2c_dens_adjust ret @udef2e_dens_adjust re @def2c_dens_adjust ay @idef2c_dens_adjust ye @def2e_dens_adjust bl adjust plat Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 30Stratigraphic Modelling Adjusting Dry Qualities to As Delivered Qualities 4 Examine and create the “def2d_qualbasis.gde_emnd” and “def2d_basismaster.gdc_cmnd” mactos. These macros convert dry basis quality to EQ+2 basis for ASH, SULFUR, & BTU. As Received Equivalent Moisture (ED) is also adjusted using the $1.em+2 equation. This process normalises the qualities (approximating “As Delivered”) for use in the Mine Modelling process. Invoke the “def2d_basismaster.gde_cmnd” macro. | Filename: def2d_qualbasis.gde_emnd DSR 2/20/2002 ! This procedure converts dry basis quality to EQ+2 basis. EQ+2 = Dry * ((100-4EQM+2)/100). Converts | Dry Ash, Sulfur and BTU to approximate As Delivered Qualities. 1 Ash Conversion =S1.as4(100-($1.em+2))100 save SLad 1 Sulfur Conversion =S1.su*(100-(S1.em+2))/100 save SL.sd BTU Conversion =S1.b1*(100-(S1.em+2))/100 save S1.bd | Adjustment to AS RECEIVED Equivalent Moisture (ed) =Sl.em#2 save Sled CLOSEGRIDS ‘include the filename, author, creation or editing dates and a detailed description of| the contents in the header ofeach macro. 1 Filename: def2d_basismaster.gde_cmnd IDSR: 2/20/2002 {This maero runs the def2d_qualbasisgdc_emnd macro. @det2d_qualbasis BR @def2d_qualbasis AR @def2d_qualbasis REUU @def2d_qualbasis REM @def2d_qualbasis REU @def2d_qualbasis PRR @def2d_qualbasis REL @def2d_qualbasis RE @def20_qualbasis AY @ddef2d_qualbasis YE @ddef2d_qualbasis BL @udef2d_qualbasis ORU @def2d_qualbasis ORM @def2d_qualbasis ORL @ddef2d_qualbasis ORA @def2d_qualbasis PLAT Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 31Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 9: Model a Post Depositional Truncation Surface, e.g., Depth of Weathering ¢ In most situations, the "Depth of Weathering,” “Burn Depth,” ot “Depth of Oxidation,” will come from one of two sources: 1. Itis noted in the drilling, usually as top of “fresh” coal, or base of “oxidation.” 2. It is estimated as a fixed depth below topography. ¢ Tools in Drilling Utilities and Grid Cale allow the user to extract data and use it to model a “Depth of Weathering” (DOW) surface. ¢ When there is no information available for direct loading, a fixed depth can be combined with a top of fresh coal analysis for modelling the weathering surface. 1. A ‘depth to fiesh coal” grid is made by using the “Depth to Roof” values, in the “Total Thick” ‘mapfile, and gridding the data using the Inverse Distance modelling method. If not created previously, a Total Thickness mapfile can be generated by using the Mapfile -Build Macro option under Drilling Utilities, and clicking in the box labeled Total Thick. Save the grid as “DOW.OB.” Create the “top of fresh coal” surface by subtracting the “dow.ob” grid from “topo.tp” (topo.tp-dow.ob). Save the resultant grid as “TOC.TP”. 2. “Topo.tp — fixed depth value” is used to model a fixed estimate of the DOW surface. The surface must be fixed below topography to eliminate the possibility of the DOW surface rising above topography in gullies and valleys. Using 10 feet as the fixed depth, a maximum function is used to create the final “Depth of Weathering” surface: max(topo.tp-10.toc,tp). Save the clipped weathering grid as “DOW.TP”, This should be noted as an estimate. In open-cut mining, “lines of oxidation” or “bur lines” are often used to plan boxcuts that form the basis of entire mine plans. Obviously, models of this geological feature affect the most economically desirable and quality sensitive reserves. Proper modelling of the “Depth of Weathering” surface is often the most difficult step in the geological modelling process. Great effort should be placed in fine tuning this surface. ¢ The DEF data includes information that can be modelled directly. Look at the “defdow.map” file statistics and determine the minimum and average depth to weathering. Either of these values, or one in between, can be used as the depth cutoff. We will use 10 feet. 4 Set the window by editing any grid model. Use Data/Load Mapfile to load any variable from the “deftd.map” file, This will load every hole in the dataset, Change the Z values of each hole to 10. Load the “‘defilow.map” file, DF variable, Z values only, with No Zero values. This will change the Z values set to 10 to the true DOW Z values where there is data. Model the data using the Inverse Distance method, with no trending, and maximum smoothing. Unmask the grid and save it as, DOW. TK. Create the surface of weathered material model by subtracting the depth of weathering thickness from topography: dow.tp=topo.p-dow.tk. 1 Filename: def3model_dow.gde_emnd 1 DSR 2/27/2002 ! This macro generates: 1 1. the depth of OXIDATION (dow.ob); 12, the surface of OXIDATION (dow.{p). 1 First, model the "DOW" thickness, forcing it to stay 10 feet below topo where there is no data: EDIT /EQUATION=topo.tp LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='ta' /WINDOW=(0,000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=0/XYZ_ /VARIABLE=SR_ TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION="10" LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='dow' /WINDOW=(0.000,0,000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=0 /Z /NOZERO /VARIABLE=DF MODEL /INVERSE_DISTANCE /GRID_SIZE=80 /TREND=0 /SMOOTHING=9 /WINDOW=(2953000.000,275500.000,2977000.000,297000.000) UNMASK save dow.tk 1 Second, model the DEPTH TO the "DOW" surface by subtracting the dow.tk grid from the topo.tp grid. =topo.tp-dow.tk save dow.tp Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 32 ‘eeStratigraphic Modelling ‘Topic 10: Creating a Grid Calc Macro that Truncates Seams Against DOW + We will not include the WIL sand and gravel horizon in this macro. The horizon is not affected by weathering. The depth of weathering surface is critical for getting the correct reserves. Often this “post- depositional” surface can undulate anywhere from one to one hundred feet below topography. All of the grids are clipped to the depth of weathering surface so that reserves cannot be calculated for the weathered material. A suberop limit, for reserving, is generated at the intersection of the horizon and the depth of weathering surface. The surface is treated as an unconformity. When generating the mapfile for modelling a depth of ‘weathering or unconformable surface, you must remove all other seams from the Horizon Table, or create the file before entering the other seam names. The depth of weathering surface (or an unconformity) usually crosses multiple horizons. You do not want the seams in the Horizon Table to effect the mapfile calculations. Create a Grid Cale macro, using the Contour/Contour option, which generates a design layer for each seam, enclosing the seam as defined by its intersection with DOW, i.e., the subcrop line ot “line of oxidation.” Use a value of 0.1 foot for structure thickness to define the subcrop polygon (Zero cannot be used, no division by zero). It is useful to generate grids and polygons that show where the horizons ‘come into contact with topography also. It is easy to write one macro that creates both outcrop and suberop information, Create a macro like the following example and a startup master for running it. Make sure to use the “X” grids and include important documentation. 1 Filename: def4_suberop.gée_emnd DsR: 2/27/2002 ! Truncate seams at outcrop with topo - generate Seam Outerop Polygons. 1 Save into @ Design Database called: OUTCROP. 1 Using topo instead of DOW will allow us to see oxidised coal in sections and in plan view with the 1 SEAM>_CRTP layer displayed, The outcrop layer _CRTP and grids named TP SRG, | .st 1 2. Take the maximum of the results from above (Z) & sf, Save as new tp.st 13, Generate a new tp.f grid. 14, Subtract the tp.s from the tp.r grid. Save as tp.tk. 15. Contour the TOPO thickness grid, tp.tk as outcrop, Say 0.1 ft-save into the OUTCROP database 1 as_CRTP. | Truneate seams at suberop with DOW and generate Seam Suberop Polygons: | This polygon will be used in the modelling process to get reserves below DOW. H | Steps: 11. Take the minimum of dow tp & st 12. Take the maximum of above (Z) & sf, Save as new -st 13. Subtract the sf from above (Z). Save as new tk 1 4, Contour the thickness grid, tk as suberop, Say, 0.1 ft - save into the TOTAL database 1 asCR_, Seam "$1" Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Lid 33! Generate Seam Outerop Polygons: DESIGN_DB_ACCESS /CREATE_DATABASE /AREA=outerop CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.1) /REPLACE /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S /GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE,TYPE=0 /LAYER=S1_CRTP /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=6 /OBJECT=ent0.1 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=6 /PLOT DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE Closegrids | Generate new SEAM SR, SF, and TK grids (Clipped to DOW) save SL.sr Lsr-S1.sf save SL.tk | Save SUBCROP contour generated at the DOW crop line, DESIGN_DB_ACCESS /AREA=total JOPEN_DATABASE. ‘CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.1) /REPLACE /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=5 /GREATER ANCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 /LAYER=CR_$1 /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=7/OBJECT=cnt0.1 ANCLUDE_COLOUR=7 /PLOT DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE Closegrids ‘Topography (topostp) View the effect on the DEF data set by manually creating cross-sections using the Geology/Drilling Section/Create Section option. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 34 re eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eeStratigraphic Modelling The macro truncates the grids first at topo and then at DOW. Clipping at topo will allow you to see oxidised coal in section view. TP.SR, TP.SF and TP.TK grids are produced. A Seam Outetop Polygon: CRTP is also generated. The macro then re-truncates each seam at DOW, allowing the visualisation of only fresh coal in sections. New .SR and .TK grids are produced, A Seam Subcrop Polygon: CR_ is also generated. This layer will be used to get reserves below DOW. Run the master macro. Notice the difference in the polygon naming conventions. You must exit Grid Cale and create a GLOB file for viewing the grid models that have been clipped at topography. Copy the current GLOB file and name the copy “defeliptopo.gde_glob”. Rename the current “glob” fle to “def full.gde_glob”. Edit the “defeliptopo.gde_glob” file name to be “def gde_glob’ and restart Grid Cale for viewing. The clipped grids and the depth of weathering surface should be checked in cross-sectional view in Drilling Utilities too. Edit the “Horizon Table” section of the new “defeliptopo.gde_glob” file s0 it looks like the following: BEGINSTAB HORIZON TABLE. "TOPO! "BRTPY "ARTP! "REUUTP! [No reserves will be calculated between topography ‘'REMTP! ‘and the depth of weathering surface. "REUTPY ‘PRRIP) 'RELTP! ‘RET "AYP! ‘vETP’ ‘BL ‘ORUTP’ ‘ORMTP’ ‘ORLTP! ‘ORATPY PLATIP: ENDSTAB HORIZON_TABLE Depth of Weathering Surface Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 35Stratigraphic Modelling Bo cE, C&S cS jou] = Ls r] om = = ‘A Generalisation of the Clipped Model —Not to Seale Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 36Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 11: Generating the Horizon “EXIST” Limit Polygons ‘We have created polygons that define where the mineable coal becomes weathered. Now we must define where the horizons do and do not exist. It is true that we have a set of mapfiles that tell us which holes contain each horizon. The problem lies in the fact that there are many holes that where not drilled deep enough to penetrate the lower horizons. If we use our original structural mapfiles to define the extents of ‘our horizons, all of the shallow drilling will be treated as though there are no lower seams at those locations. If we use the Fixmap mapfiles, every horizon will exist at each location (which is the case with ‘our current models). We must also define where the single seams (RE and ORA) actually split into multiple horizons. It must also be possible to extrapolate these limits to include outer areas where we believe coal exists. By completing the following steps, you should be able to create four macros that will ‘generate all of the existence limits automatically. Name the macros: “defSseamexist/.gde_cmnd”, “ defSseamexist3r.gdc_cmnd”, “defSseamexist3o.gde_cmnd”, and “defSexistmaster.gdc_cmnd”. First we will create a command file that will generate the limits for a single non-splitting horizon. Load the Structure Roof or Floor grid for the appropriate seam (depending on the sensitivity required). Unmask the grid. © Load the structure floor values from the Total Depth mapfile. The bottom depth of each hole will be loaded. The procedure uses the TD mapfile and the unmasked grid to check if the hole is deep enough to penetrate the seam. ‘We must flag the holes to be ignored. Use the Data/Transform Data option and insert the equation: p gtz or z gt dow.tp. Transform Data converts values to “1” if the base of the hole is above the horizon (p gt 2), orif the horizon at that point lies above the Depth of Weathering surface (z. gt dow.tp). The Depth of Weathering model is used to determine the upper limits in each drillhole. ¢ Use Data/Filter Data with a Maximum Value of 0.25 to filter out (remove) all data with values greater than 0,25 (holes to ignore). ‘Transform the data again with the equatio value of the remaining points to -9999. ¢ Load ONLY the “Z” values for the floor of the horizon from the original structural mapfile. Those points that are not contained in the horizon mapfile are left at -9999. The points that are re-loaded will have their true Z values. ¢ Transform the mapfile points just loaded to “1” and the “-9999” points to “0” with the equation: p gt - 9000. ‘ Model the “Ones and Zeros” with the “EXIST” nearest neighbor method. The grids will consist of values of ones and zetos. The grid cell where the change from one to zero occurs will be half way between holes that do and do not have the seam, and the cell will have a value of 0.5. Save the masking grid as: .mk. Contour all masking grids at the 0.5 interval to create the exist limits that will be used for masking and reserving. See the following example of the macro: -9999. The second Transform Datu is used to set the Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 37Stratigraphic Modelling ‘Filename: defseamexistl gde_emnd SR 2/22/2002 “Always include the filename, author, creation or editing dates and detailed deseription of the contents in the header of each macro. | Zero Seam Splitting Environment; ie, BR(S1) jis macro generates a set of SEAM LIMIT polygons for a SINGLE SEAM. The polygons for each seam are ved as EX_ layers in the database TOTAL-DGD. 1 An EXTRAPOLATION distance (S2) is also factored into the seam limit generation process. ‘This distance is, ! the FARTHEST allowable seam EXISTENCE from a drill hole intercept (as found in the seam mapfile. ! This macro also produces a GRID to be used solely as a MASKING grid for the entire GEOLOGICAL model. {tis ereated at the time of Final SEAM LIMIT polygon generation, a procedure which contours the 0.5 MASK value contour (a polygon around the SEAM EXIST gid). The “masking” grids are saved using 1 the MK variable, ie, .mk, 1 GENERATION OF SEAM EXIST POLYGONS. **** Seam $1 **** ! Load the horizon floor model (or roof depending on the sensitivity required). Unmask the model. {Load the structure floor values from the Total Depth mapfile, The bottom depth of each hole will be loaded. 1 Flag the holes that should be ignored. TRANSFORM_DATA converts values to "I" ifthe base of the hole is 1 above the horizon (P gt Z), or ifthe horizon at that point lies above the Depth of Weathering surface \(Z gt DOW.TP). | Filter out (remove) all data with values greater than 0.25 (holes to ignore. | The second TRANSFORM_DATA is used to set the value of the remaining points to -9999, | Load ONLY the "2" values for the floor of the horizon from the Original mapfile. Those points that are not ! contained in the horizon mapfile are left at 9999, | Transform the mapfile points to "1" and the '-9999" points to "0" (P gt -9000) 1 Model the "Ones and Zeros" with the "EXIST’ nearest neighbor method. EDIT EQUATION=SL.sr UNMASK LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='ta! (WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) (GRID_SIZE=S0 /XYZ/VARIABLE=SF ‘TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION='p gt z or 2 gt dow.tp' FILTER_DATA /MAXIMUM_VALUE=0.23 ‘TRANSFORM _DATA /EQUATION="9999" LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S1" (WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0,000,0.000) (GRID_SIZE=S0 /. VARIADLE-SF ‘TRANSFORM _DATA /EQUATION='p gt -9000' MODEL /USER DEFINED /METHOD=EXIST JGRID_SIZ=50 /TREND=) SMOOTHING=0 I WINDOW=2953000.000,275500.000,2977000.000,297000.000) /POWER=0.00 /POINTS=1 /DISTANCE=0.00 | Mask the GRID from above where the seam does not exist. MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION="z gt 0.5" |! Mask the GRID from above with the Extrapolation Distance ($2), and convert to zeros where masked, ! Save resultant grid as .mk, LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S1' /(WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,9.000,0.000) /(GRID_SIZE=S0 /XYZ. (VARIABLE=SF MASK /DISTANCE=S2 /AREA_MASK =m save SL.mk | Generate a seam EXIST polygon DESIGN_DB_ACCESS /AREA=total /OPEN_DATABASE CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S /GREATER AINCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 /REPLACE /LAYER=ex_ $1 /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=3 /OBJECT=cnt0.S ANCLUDE_COLOUR=3 /PLOT DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE Closegridls Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 38Stratigraphic Modelling Now we need to create the command files that will automatically generate all of the seam existence layers for the split Red and Orange horizons. There are a couple of extra steps involved in defining the points where the seams split into additional horizons, and the process is reiterated several times with slight changes. Within macros such as these, documentation of each step is critical We must define where the RE full seam splits into the REU and REL, and where the REU divides into the REUU and REM seams, The areal extents of each must be determined also, ‘ORU=1 —— OBA ‘ORM=2 f ORL=3 We have to determine where the full ORA horizon divides into the upper, middle, and lower splits and the extents of each. ‘¢ We will concentrate on the RED horizon. The ORANGE command file will fall into place after writing the macro for the Red seams. We had great success when we modelled ones and zeros in the previous macro, so we will continue with similar logic, adding some steps for defining the split lines. ‘¢ First, edit any grid to set the screen display area. We are doing this just in case you have not edited a arid to set the display during the current session. Next, we will calculate the position of the main split where RE divides into REU and REL. Load each of the structural mapfiles for the child horizons (REUU, REM, REU, and REL), loading the X, Y, and Z values, You have real Z values loaded in all of the partial seam areas. Change the Z values to “I” with the Data/Transform Data option. Load the original structural mapfile for the full RE seam, but only load the X and Y values. The Z, values will be loaded as zeros. Model the mapfile data using the “Exist” method. Save the grid as: “temp sp.” TEMPUSP ¢ Now we need to define where the upper REU seam divides into the REUU and REM horizons. Load the REUU and REM mapfile data using the X, Y, and Z values. We do not need to load the lower REL data. © Change the Z values to “1” with the Data/Transform Data option. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 39Stratigraphic Modelling This time we will load only the X and Y values from both the RE and REU original structural mapfiles, giving us zero values on the RE-REU side of the split. Model the mapfile data using the “Exist” method. Save the grid as: “tempu.sp.” We can use the principles we learned in the “defSseamexist!.gdc_cmnd” macro to define the areal extents of the child seams. We will add one extra step. The split grids we just made will be used to mask the masking grid, allowing us to generate exist limits with the split lines in the proper places. @ Let's take a close look at the “defSseamexist3r.gde_cmnd” command file. ! Filename: defSscamexist3r.gdc_cmnd DSR: 2/28/2002 REUU (S1) REU ($3) < REM (82) REL ($4) ! This macro generates FIVE complete and complementary sets of polygonal SEAM LIMITS. The polygons, reach seam are saved as EX_ layers in the database TOTAL.DGD. | An EXTRAPOLATION distance ($6) is also factored into the seam limit generation process. ‘This distance the FARTHEST allowable seam EXISTENCE from a drill hole intercept (as found in the seam mapfile). ! This macro also produces & GRID to be used solely as a MASKING grid for individual horizons in the JEOLOGICAL model. A Final SEAM LIMIT polygon is generated, by contouring the 0.5 MASK value of ! the SEAM EXIST grid. ! The "masking" grids are saved using the MK variable, ie, .mk ! GENERATION OF SEAM SPLIT LINES | Major split grid, zeros on the merged side ($5), ones everywhere else. The topo.tp grid is loaded to define the ! modelling window, EDIT /EQUATION=topo.tp LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S1' }WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=50 /XYZ. /VARIABLL=SE LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S2! /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=S0 /APPEND /XYZ IVARIABLE=SF LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S3' (WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_STZE=S0 /APPEND /XYZ IVARIABLE=SF LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S4’ (WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=S0 /APPEND XYZ IVARIABLE=SF ‘TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION="" LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S5! /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZIE=S0 /APPEND XY. IVARIABLE=SF MODEL /USER_DEFINED /METHOD=EXIST IGRID_SIZE=80 /TREND=0 /SMOOTHING=0 JWINDOW=(2953000.000,275500.000,2977000.000,297000.000) /POWER=0.00 /POINTS=1 save temp.sp 1! Second split grid ~ Upper Split ~ zeros on the merged side ($3 & $5), ones everywhere else LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='s1' /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZ.E=50 /XYZ. /VARIABLE=SF LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE="$2' /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=S0 /APPEND XYZ. (ARIABLE=SF "TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION="1' LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='$3" /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZIE=80 /APPEND [XY IARIABLE=SF LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S5' /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=50 /APPEND IXY IVARIABLE=SF ‘MODEL /USER_DEFINED /METHOD=EXIST (GRID_SIZE=50 /TREND=0 /SMOOTHING=0 IWINDOW=(2953000.000,275500.000,2977000.000,297000.000) /POWER=0.00 /POINTS=1 save tempu.sp Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pry Ltd 40Stratigraphic Modelling | GENERATION OF SEAM EXIST LIMITS | ##=* Seam $1 = REUU**#* | Load the horizon roof model (or floor depending on the sensitivity required). Unmask the model. | Load the structure floor values from the Total Depth mapfile, The bottom depth of each hole will be loaded. { Flag the holes that should be ignored. TRANSFORM_DATA converts values to “I” if the base of the hole 1 is above the horizon (P gt Z), or if the horizon at that point lies above the Depth of Weathering surface 1 @Z gt DOW.TP). | Filter out (remove) all data with values greater than 0.25 (holes to ignore). ! The second TRANSFORM_DATA is used to set the value of the remaining points to 9999. | Load ONLY the "Z” values forthe floor of the horizon from the Original mapfile. Those points that are not ! contained in the horizon mapfile are left at -9999, ! Transform the mapfile points to "I" and the "-9999" points to "0" (P gt 9000), | Model the "Ones and Zeros" with the “EXIST” nearest neighbor method. EDIT /EQUATION=SI.sr UNMASK LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='td' /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=S0 /KYZ.VARIABLE=SF ‘TRANSFORM _DATA /EQUATION='p gt z or z gt dow.tp' FILTER_DATA /MAXIMUM_VALUE=0.25 ‘TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION='-9999" LOAD_MAPEILE /FILE='S1' /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=50 /2. [VARIABLE=SF ‘TRANSFORM _DATA /EQUATION='p gt -9000" MODEL /USER_DEFINED /METHOD=EXIST (GRID_SIZE=$0 /TREND=0 /SMOOTHING=0 /WINDOW=(2953000,000,275500.000,2977000.000,297000.000) /POWER=0.00 [POINTS=I /DISTANCE=0.00 | Mask the SEAM EXIST GRID with the UPPER SPLIT LINE GRID: "tempu.sp" MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION= tempu.sp gt 0.5" |! Mask the GRID from above where the seam does not exist. MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION ="z gt 0.5" | Mask the GRID from above with the Extrapolation Distance ($6), and convert to zeros where masked, 1 Save resultant grid as mk, LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S1' /WINDOW=(0.000 0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=50 /XYZ /VARIABLE=SF ‘MASK /DISTANCE=86 /AREA_MASK =m saye SLmk | Generate a seam EXIST polygon DESIGN_DB_ACCESS /AREA=total /OPEN_ DATABASE CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S /GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 /REPLACE /LAYER=ex_$1 /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=3 /OBJECT=cnt0.5 AINCLUDE_COLOUR=3 /PLOT DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE. 179" Seam $2 =REM*™"* EDIT /EQUATION=S2.sr UNMASK LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='ta' /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=50 [XYZ /VARIABLE=SF ‘TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION='p gt z or z gt dow.tp" FILTER_DATA /MAXIMUM_VALUE=0.25 ‘TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION="-9999" LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='s2' /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=50 /Z./VARIABLE=SF ‘TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION='p gt -9000" MODEL /USER_DEFINED /METHOD=EXIST (GRID_SIZE=80 [TREND=0 /SMOOTHING=0 /WINDOW=(2953000.000,275500.000,2977000.000,297000.000) /POWER=0.00 JPOINTS=1 /DISTANCE=0.00 Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 41Stratigraphic Modelling ! Mask the SEAM EXIST GRID with the UPPER SPLIT LINE GRID: "tempu.sp" MASK/AREA,MASK /EQUATION ='tempu.sp gt 0.5° | Mask the GRID where the seam does not exist, MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION ="z gt 0.5" | Mask with the Extrapolation Distance ($6), and convert to zeros where masked. Save the grid as .mk. LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S2! [WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=S0 /XYZ /VARIABLE=SF MASK /DISTANCE=86 /AREA_MASK =m save $2.mk ! Generate a seam EXIST polygon DESIGN_DB_ACCESS /AREA=total /OPEN_DATABASE ‘CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=5 /GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 JREPLACE /LAYER=ex_ $2 /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=3 /OBJECT=ent0.5 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=3 /PLOT. DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE 1 #*9* Seam $3 =REUN* EDIT /EQUATION=S3sr UNMASK LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE=ta" (WINDOW=(0.000,0.000.000,0.000) |GRID_SIZB=50 [XYZ./VARIABLE=SF TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION=p gt z or z gt dow.tp" FILTER_DATA [MAXIMUM_VALUE=0.25 ‘TRANSFORM _DATA /EQUATION="-9999' LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S3' /WINDOW=(.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=S0 /Z \VARIABLE=SE ‘TRANSFORM _DATA /EQUATION='p gt -9000" MODEL /USER_DEFINED /METHOD=EXIST |GRID_SIZE=50 /TREND=0 /SMOOTHING=0 /WINDOW=(2953000.000,275500.000,2777000.000,297000.000) /POWER=0.00 /POINTS=1 /DISTANCE=0.00 | Mask with Split Line Grids: "temp.sp" and "tempu sp" SEE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 39 MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION ='temp.sp gt 0.5 and tempu.sp le 0.5" ! Mask the GRID where the seam does not exist. Mask with the Extrapolation Distance ($6), and convert to | zeros where masked, Save the grid as .mk. MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION =z gt 0.51 LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE=83" WINDOW=(0.000,0.00,0.000 0.000) /GRID_SIZiE=S0 XYZ /VARIABLE=SF MASK /DISTANCE=S6/AREA_MASK =m save $3.mk ! Generate a scam EXIST polygon DESIGN_DB_ACCESS /AREA=total /OPEN_DATABASE CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=s GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 /REPLACE /LAYER=0x_$3 /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=3 /0BJECT=ent0.S /INCLUDE_COLOUR=3 /PLOT DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE 1 #6 Seam $4 = REL**** EDIT /EQUATION=S4.s¢ UNMASK LOAD_MAPFILE /FILR='ta' /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=50 /XYZ./VARIABLE=SF ‘TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION=p gt z or z gt dow.tp' FILTER_DATA /MAXIMUM_VALUE=0.25 ‘TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION="-9999" Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 2 .Stratigraphic Modelling LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S4" /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=S0 /Z:/‘VARIABLE=SF TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION="p gt -9000' MODEL /USER_DEFINED /METHOD=EXIST /GRID_SIZE=50 /TREND=0 /SMOOTHING=0 WINDOW =(2953000.000,275500.000,2977000.000,297000.000) POWER=0.00 /POINTS=1 [DISTANCE=0.00 Mask with Split Line Grid: "temp sp" MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION ='temp sp gt 0.5 1 Mask the GRID where the seam does not exist, Mask with the Extrapolation Distance (S6), and convert to { zeros where masked. Save the grid as .mk, MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION = gt 0: LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='S4' (WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=S0 /XYZ. [VARIABLE=SF MASK /DISTANCE=86 /AREA_MASK =m save $4.mk ! Generate a seam EXIST polygon DESIGN_DB_ACCESS /AREA=total /OPEN_DATABASE CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=5 (GREATER JINCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 /REPLACE /LAYER=ex_$4/EXCLUDE_COLOUR=3 /OBJECT=ent0.5 DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE [#0 Seam $5 = RE"* EDIT /EQUATION=S5.s¢ UNMASK LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE="td' /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) [GRID_SIZE=50 /XYZ.IVARIABLE=SF ‘TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION=p gt z oF gt dow tp’ FILTER_DATA /MAXIMUM_VALUE=0.25 ‘TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION="-9999' LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='$5' /WINDOW=(0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000) /GRID_SIZE=50 /Z.‘VARIABLE=SF TRANSFORM_DATA /EQUATION=p gt -9000' MODEL /USER DEFINED /METHOD=EXIST /GRID_SIZE=S0 /TREND=0 /SMOOTHING=0 /WINDOW=(2953000.000,275500.000,2977000.000,297000.000) /POWER=0.00 /POINTS=1 /DISTANCE=0.00 |) Mask with Split Line Grid: "temp.sp.". MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION ="tempap le 0.5" Mask the GRID where the seam does not exist. Mask with the Extrapolation Distance ($6), and convert to {zeros where masked. Save the grid as .k, MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION ="z 0.5" LOAD_MAPFILE /FILE='$5' /WINDOW=(0.0009.000,0.000 0.000) /GRID_SIZE=80 /XYZ/VARIABLE=SF MASK /DISTANCE=86 /AREA_MASK =ztm save $S.mk 1 Generate a seam EXIST polygon DESIGN_DB_ACCESS /AREA=total /OPEN_DATABASE CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) /POLYGON /EXCLUDE,LINE_TYPE=5/GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 IREPLACE /LAYER=ex_$5 /EXCLUDE_ COLOUR=3/OBJECT=ent05 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=3 /PLOT DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE CLOSEGRIDS By now, you should have a thorough understanding of the mechanics of “exist” macros, Write a command file that will generate the existence limits for the ORANGE seam group. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 3Stratigraphic Modelling ¢ Because we have written the “exist” macros with variables, we will need a command file for running the appropriate macro for each horizon, See the following shortened example: ! Filename: defSexistmaster.gdc_emnd DSR: 2/27/2002 | Master macro for generating the seam limit lines. Macros Called: defSseamexist, defSseamexis(31, | defSseamexist3o, BR seam group. @jdefSseamexist] br 1000 IRE seam group, @defSseamexist3r reuu rem reu rel re 1000 !ORA seam group. @defSseamexist3o oru orm orl ora 1000 Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 44Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 12: Testing the Horizon Limits There are many types of Horizon Limits. Examples of these would be the limits that define: ~ the areal extent of the horizon the horizon comes in contact with topography or a depth of weathering surface = maximum mining depth - stripping ratios - quality cutoffs, ete ¢ Since we use the layers containing the limits when we run reserves on the deposit, itis essential that each layer be checked for accuracy. ¢ All of the limit layers are generated from macros during the modelling process. It is easier to use the many types of layers if they are created in different colors. 4 Itis also possible to make the inclusive ‘and exclusive polygons within one layer to have different line styles. Selecting “zero” gives a solid line for the inclusive polygons and choosing “five” produces a nice dashed line for the exclusive polygons. Display a horizon existence limit layer in Grid Cale ot Envisage. If there are splits in your model, the split lines should come together perfectly. ¢ Load the corresponding horizon’s original structural mapfile. All points should be within the limits of the inclusion polygons. x Load the structural thickness grid for the same horizon. The grid is normally ‘masked with the existence and suberop x limits during modelling for visualisation. ‘¢ Unmask the grid. Remask with the modelmask layer (edge of data plus extrapolation distance). Display the subcrop layer for the horizon. The polygons should correspond with the zero thickness areas of the grid. Drillholes that reside in the original structural mapfile, and are outside of inclusive areas of the existence or subcrop polygons, must be checked. The drillhole data can be cross-checked in the DBL file. 4 After all of the grids have been masked with both their subcrop and existence limits, they should be ‘checked in Drilling Utilities. Cross-sections through the deposit should show all horizons properly ‘The grids should be clipped to the depth of weathering surface, and be absent where they do not exist in the drilling. The larger the grid cell size, and the greater the distance a drillhole is from a grid node, the further the horizons may drift from the true drillhole depths in section view. Every option in the Grid Cale - Model/Model or Model/Define Method panel has an effect on the resulting grids. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 45‘Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 13: Producing the Additional Reserving Limits Masking the “PRR” Seam and the “REL” Midburden ENVISAGE ¢ By definition, the PRR is a “snug” fit between the REM/REU structure floor, and the REL structure roof (wherever it exists). @ The EX_PRR limit must be manually checked and edited to fit the FULL RED seam perfectly if necessary. The PRR seam cannot exist where the FULL RED seam is present, DESELECT the EX_RE limit after editing the EX PRR. The edited EX_PRR layer is then copied into a new layer named “RELMD_LIM”. The “MODELBOUND?” layer is also copied into the “RELMD_LIM" layer. Save the “RELMD_LIM” layer, DESELECT THE EX_PRR AND THE MODELBOUND LAYERS. Use Object Edit/Consistent to make the “RELMD_LIM” layer counter clockwise. The same option is then used to make the outside parameter object clockwise. Polygons or “Donuts” within the PRR outline must bbe made clockwise also. The new “RELMD_LIM” layer is opposite of the EX_PRR limit layer, and is used to mask midburden above the REL seam. MASKING IN GRID CALC Point in Polygon Masking ‘Area Masking 0 fo jo Jo Jo hb ooo oo oo Io ooo io T is ir PS 0 iQ r T Hi Tt afnge fs pe . any fr wa Ic Er ir Limit Polygon Eidge of Mask Hatched Areas = ‘Areas where the Area Mask will overlap along spit lines. ‘Ones & Zeros (Area Mask) = Grid Cell Values Ones & Zeros (Poly Mask) = Grid Node Values ‘Area Masking = If the limit polygon includes over 50% of the cel, the entre cell is in, Pointin Polygon Masking= Ifthe polygon includes the grid node, itis included, 4 Start Grid Cale and mask the PRR thickness grid with the PRR Exist and Crop layers. Make sure to use the Poin in Polygon button when masking any type of splitting scenario such as this. The Point in Polygon type of masking is much slower than Area Mask, but it must be used when there is a anger of overlapping grid cells. Complete the following steps and produce a macro. +*** NOTE: Make sure PRR horizon is not included in other masking macros so the grids will not be re-masked Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 46Stratigraphic Modelling ¢ Use Model/Unmask and then Model/Mask to mask the PRR.TK grid with the edited “ex_prr” and “ct_prt” limits. Use the Point in Polygon option. Save the resulting grid as PRR.TK. Multiply the grid by its mask value to zero out the PRR.TK grid whete the PRR is absent. Save the new PRR.TK grid. Add the new PRR.TK grid to the PRR.SF model. Unmask the grid and re-mask it with the PRR.TK atid. Save the results as PRRSR. 4 Edit the PRR.SF model. Unmask it and re-mask with the PRR.TK grid. Save the resulting model as PRRSF. 4 Make a copy of the REL.MD grid for using when not considering the PRR for mining. Name the copy: REL_NOPRR.MD. 4 Mask the REL-MD grid with the RELMD_LIM layer using the Point in Polygon masking method, 4 Zero out the REL.MD grid where the PRR is present. Save the grid. 4 Create a macro for masking the PRR structural models and the REL midburden grid, See the following example. | Filename: defoprr_mask.gde_cmnd DSR: 2/21/2002 | *NOTE: The EX_PRR limit must be manually checked and edited to fit the Red seams perfectly | The edited EX_PRR layer is then copied into a new layer named "RELMD LIM". The "MODELBOUND” ! ayer is also copied into the “RELMD_LIM” layer. Save the new layer. Deselect the EX_PRR and the | MODELBOUND layers. Use OBJECT EDIT/CONSISTENT to make the entire “RELMD_LIM” layer | anti-clockwise, The “OBJECT EDIT /REVERSE” option is then used to make the outside parameter | object clockwise. The new “RELMD_LIM” layer is opposite of the EX_PRR limit layer, and is used to | mask the midburden above the REL seam, NOTE: Remove PRR from the masking macros 50 the grids {will not be remasked, EDIT /EQUATION=prr.tk UNMASK MASK /LAYER=(EX_PRR,"*) /DESIGN_DB=total /POINT_IN_POLYGON MASK /LAYER=(CR_PRR,'*) /DESIGN_DB=total /POINT_IN_POLYGON save prr.th, EDIT /EQUATION=prr.tk*prr.tk. save prr.tk EDIT /EQUATION =prrsf+prratk unmask MASK /AREA_MASK /GRID =prr.tk save prr.sr EDIT /EQUATION =prrsf MASK /AREA_MASK /GRID =prr.tk save prr.sf | Rename the REL.MD grid for using when not considering the PRR for mining. Mask the REL.MD grid | with the opposite of the PRR.SR mask. Zero out the REL.MD grid where the PRR exists. EDIT /EQUATION =relmd ssave rel_noprr.md EDIT /EQUATION =relind MASK /LAYER=(RELMD_LIM,"*") /DESIGN_DB=total /POINT_IN_POLYGON save rel.md cLmd*rel.md. save relmd Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Lid 47Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 14: Masking All Grids with Their Correct Limits and Generating Depth Limits ‘The model is now ready to mask with the seam limit layers: EX_ and CR_. Examine the five masking macros: “def7maskstrata_dow.gde_cmnd,” “def7mask_red/orange_dow.gde_cmnd,” “defTmaskstrata_topo.gde_cmnd,” “def7maskqual.gde_cmnd'“and the “def?maskmaster.gde_emnd” startup macro. 4 The “def7maskstrata_dow.gde_cmnd” macto masks the full seam SR, SF, and TK grids at the subcrop with the base of weathering surface (DOW), in exactly the same manner as the PRR grids (without zeroing the thickness grids). ¢ The “def7mask_red_dow.gde_cmnd” and “def7mask_orange_dow.gde_cmnd’'files mask the splitting seams SR, SF, and TK grids using the Point in Polygon option. Using this option is very slow and unnecessary where there are no splitting horizons ot possibility of overlapping grid nodes. The “def?maskstrata_topo.gde_emnd” macro masks the TP.SR, TP.SF, and TP.TK grids at the outctop with topography using the _CRTP layer. ¢ The Quality grids are then masked by the .TK grids using the “def7maskqual_gdc macro. © The “def7maskmaster.gde_cmnd’” file starts the appropriate masking macros for each seam. ind” 5S1.tk unmask MASK /AREA_MASK /LAYER=(EX_$1,'*") /DESIGN_DB=total MASK /AREA_MASK /LAYER=(CR_S1,") /DESIGN_DB=total save SI.tk strata “ kstrata_t nnd” =sitp.tk unmask MASK /AREA_MASK /LAYER=(EX_$1,'*") /DESIGN_DB=total MASK /AREA_MASK /LAYER=(S1_CRTP,'*") /DESIGN_DB=outerop_ save Sltp.tk 4 fTmask red_dow.gde_emnd" =SLtk unmask MASK /LAYER=(ex_$1,"") /DESIGN_DB=total [POINT_IN_POLYGON MASK /AREA_MASK /LAYER=(CR S1,'") /DESIGN_DB=total MASK /AREA”MASK /LAYER=(DP_$1,'*") /DESIGN_DB=total (Orange) save $1.tk. =I unmask MASK /AREA MASK /GRID =S1.tk Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 48Stratigraphic Modelling Generate the Depth Limits ‘The Orange seam group is deeper than 200" in some areas. Depth limits must be produced to eliminate any reserves that are too deep. | Filename: defobdepth_limit.gde_cmnd DSR: 2/18/2002 | Description: This macro generates 200' depth limits for the Orange seam group. | Generate a coal floor grid. NOTE: All Orange seam SF grids must have the correct masks applied before running this macro. CHANGE_DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=OR /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=9999 /PROJECT=DEF =min(oru.storm.sforlsf,ora.si) CHANGE_DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=AND /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=default JPROJECT=DEF unmask MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION="z It 1500' save orange.sf | Generate the Depth to the Orange seam group model: orange.ob=topo.tp-orangesf | Generate Depth to the Orange seam group Limit Polygons (one for each split DESIGN_DB_ACCESS /AREA=total /OPEN_DATABASE CONTOUR /LEVEL=(200) POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_ TYPES /LESS /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 JREPLACE /LAYER=dp_ora /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=8 /OBJECT=cnt200 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=8 PLOT orange.ob CONTOUR /LEVEL=(200) POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S/ LESS /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 JREPLACE /LAYER=dp_oru /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=8 /OBJECT=ent200 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=8 PLOT =orange.ob CONTOUR /LEVEL=(200) POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S / LESS /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 IREPLACE /LAYER=dp_orm /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=8 /OBJECT=cnt200 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=8 /PLOT =orange.ob ‘CONTOUR /LEVEL=(00) POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S / LESS /INCLUDB_LINE_TYPE=0 /REPLACE /LAYER=dp_orl /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=8 /OBJECT=en1200 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=8 /PLOT DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE closegrids Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 49Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 15: Methods for Checking the Geological Model for Accuracy NOTE: There is NO substitute for this step, and it should not be overlooked. tional view. Use Grid Correlation to © Start Drilling Section and examine the grid model in cross-s view the models against the drillholes. ¢ Load the RE.TK and REL.TK grids, The two models should not touch in any location. There should be exactly one grid cell width between the two grids along the split line. Load the RE.TK and PRR.TK grids. You should sce similar results. Load the EX_RE and EX_REL layers to view the seam “exist” limits. If you see black holes in the grid areas that should to be included in the areal extents of the horizon, it has probably been masked by the crop limit. Display the drillholes from the original structural mapfiles. In Grid Cale, examine each grid and its scale. Select the Query/Statistics option and make sure the grid statisties look reasonable. A macro, similar to the example below, can then be created and used to edit each grid and report its statistics. 1 REU Seam Grid Statisties - REU.TK Z-Value Statistics EDIT /EQUATION= = Minimum : 0.000 at (2958550.000, 281350.000) STATISTICS Maximum : 6.874 at (2961650.000, 289000.000) EDIT /EQUATION= Range: 6.874 STATISTICS Mean: 4.319 EDIT /EQUATION=reu.st Mask Area Statistics STATISTICS Active Points: 17928 EDIT /EQUATION=reu.as Active Area: 44820,000 x 1000 STATISTICS ‘Total Area : 553792500 x 1000 Percent Active to Total Area : 8.093% Check the Orange seams in the same manner. Examine the thickness model for each horizon with the mapfile locations. @ Do some spot-checking. Open a mapfile and get the XY locations for a few strategic drillholes. Buffer a grid and report its value where the hole pierces the model, by typing the drillholes Easting and Northing into the Query/Register option. You will see the grid information, about that location, displayed in the scroll window. Use Macro/Save Macro to save the steps. Expand the macro to buffer ‘cach model and register multiple drillhole locations, Compare your mapfiles with the output from your registration macro, Cell, , (X_coordinate,¥_coordinate), Grid Value, Mask Value 15568 2969610.000 285854.500 yTLI3C 2964858.000 288115.400 EDIT /EQUATION=BR.TK REGISTER /POINT=(2969610,285854) REGISTER /POINT=(2964858,288115) EDIT /BQUATION=BR.OB REGISTER /POINT=(2969610,285854) REGISTER /POINT=(2964858,288115) EDIT /EQUATION=RETK REGISTER /POINT=(2969610,285854) REGISTER /POINT=(2964858, 288115) Generating grid - BRT 108402,<333,222>2969610.000,285854,000) 5493.1, $$ pe 10312, 238,267> (2964858.000,2881 15.000) 5.486,1 Generating grid - BROB 108402,<333,222>(2969610.000,285854,000),28.989, 1 130312,<238,267>(296488.000,288115.000),20.634, 1 Generating grid - RE.TIK 108402,<333,222>,2969610.000,285854.000) 8.345,1, 130312,<238,267>(2964888.000,288115.000),6.815,0 ¢ Grid node values can be compared to the surrounding nodes by typing the cell number into the Query/Cell option. Cell ——P 198402,<333,222>,(2969610.000,285854.000),8.345,1 Callé, , Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd (X_coordinate,¥_coordinate, Grid ValueMask Value 50Stratigraphic Modelling The coll number denotes the node at the lower left ofthe cel, This grid was ‘modelled using a HR + BIG A 4 Sie fe 4 Bel ongrates) for as. 5 location where the rill hole pierces the grid ean be determined by starting atthe lower left node (108402) and moving right on the X axis 10 feet (2969610) and up the ¥ axis 4 feet ORSRSAY ete « [a i cole - Approximate location of drillhole, fi Wosiesh jE CaS) Eig) outcae as © Investigate all discrepancies. Problems with the raw data are usually obvious during this step, and should be corrected before going further. Both the quality and structural grid models should be checked. Correct all erroneous data and re-grid if necessary. When you ate satisfied, create a “grids_bu” directory and copy all of your grids into it now. Delete the directory later if it is not needed. Drillholes and the horizons showing discrepancies should be noted at this time for editing in Drilling Utilities. © Amalternative to the register macro is the Synthetic Holes option in Drilling Utilities. The Synthetic Holes Option © When you generate the Synthetic Holes mapfile, you will want the drillhole names to be associated with their output. To attach the names to the locations, you must name the points. Load the drilling using the Geology/Drilling-Location option. Copy the drilling onto a permanent layer. Deselect the temporary layer. Use Point Edit/Name - Prompt for Name — All Points, select any point in the object, leave the point name unchanged, and pick OK. All of the points will now display their true drillhole names. Save the layer. “The deft isto report results For only Ue dil bles tht pierce non-maskod (vil) areas of the gid mosel. Ifyou want values a all hole Tooatons, whether the gids masked there fot Slee both Fgnare Mast and Mask value IW Magtle Heads: KoncrMask Ione Mak 1] UcoTepo 7 PeyNave FF Maske ws wor rst Dente a Tecorerts © pycotm fd | | lckeo Tho © byowee [| | emeomar aT — © indians | Fitna aingpeomm od vinta | Risen ———— Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 51Stratigraphic Modelling Select Drilling Utilities/Synthetic Holes, Pick the appropriate Report Values and Autributes. If Use Topo is chosen, DR and DF values will be included in the output. Define a format for the output file. Input the layer containing your points and their associated names from the current Design Database. Make sure the Point Name button has been activated. ‘¢ Choose the horizons you would like to include in the report. Indicate which grid variables you would like to report on. Every combination of horizon and variable ‘you have selected will be included in the output. ¢ Supply an output filename. The file will be named with a “.map” suffix. Use the output file (gridded values) for comparison with the original mapfiles or DBL file. There will be differences, but none should be significant or unexplainable, This process can also be used on the Mine Model grids. + The resulting synthetic mapfile can also be used for plotting grid values onto maps or cross-sections. See the following example. * HEADER:SYNTHETIC “format: %-118%- Ls%11.2F% 11.20% 11 20% 11.20% 11.20% 11.20% 11.26% 11.26% 11.24%11.20%11 21% 112% 112% L.2E side” San XY ORO. BR Tk "me “TF AD BD BD RD. RM ED. | e234 56 7 8 9 O HN Rk Bb Mo 6 OW 23455790123486769023486749012 67890 123486990123 485790 128486759012348678901234867890] 2456789012 45H90123456THBO123455890 2OISSee BR 29686107 MSHS4S0 34013 31077 M0596 S49 2935 34I6 1318 61612 197” O04 4313258, DOISSM1 BR 29651774 toledan 34K7D JOsmE DON 469 SL aay? 122 TORO 13) O04 406 SaA6 Bouss72 BR 2oeo170.70 dRease9 3461 Son04 3OLM 496 F7SK ALAD 1244 TOISSS Tal Oe 431 Saal Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 52Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 16: Generate Inplace and Recoverable Stripping Ratios to the Base of the "Red" Seam Group with and without the “PRR” Horizon We now have an accurate geological model that defines where the coal for each seam can be found. Often the modeller is interested in calculating stripping ratios to individual horizons or groups of seams. In this case, we want to calculate the stripping ratios both with and without the “PRR” seam. To generate the ratios without the PRR horizon included, we will run the “de/8//ratios.gde_cmnd” and ““def82ratios.gde_cmnd” files. The “def®/ratios.gde_cmnd” maeto generates cumulative stripping ratios to the base of the RED seam group. The Red horizon is the major seam group in the area. For mine planning, the ratio to the Red seam group is needed, especially for defining mining block limits. A nominal “recoverable” insitu coal thickness of 1.25 feet is used in all ratio calculations. The “def82ratios.gde_cmnd” command file generates incremental stripping ratios to the base of the AY and YE seams. These seams will probably be the lowest horizons to be mined. ‘The “def8Iratios.gde_cmnd” macro must be run before the_“def82ratios.gdc_cmnd" command file to have all of the necessary grids. Copy the macros used to generate the stripping ratios that do not include the “PRR” horizon, and edit ‘them so that the PRR seam will be included in the calculations, Name the copied macros: ‘The Grid Cale/Change Defaults option is used extensively in these command files. The Change Defaults panel looks easy enough to understand, but looks can be deceiving. More new users struggle with ‘masking and the concepts covered in this panel than any others. The “MODE” function is used when combining grids. The mode can be AND or OR. A default mode of “AND” allows only the “INTERSECTION” or overlapping areas of all of the grid nodes with a mask value of “1” to be included in the resulting model. Using “AND” mode, a point is considered to be within a mask only if that point lies within the masks of ail grids used in deriving the point value. The “OR” mode includes the “UNION” or combination of all visible grid nodes (1) in each model included in the equation. When using “OR” ‘mode, « point is considered to be within a mask if that point lies within any of the grids masks used in deriving the point value (the value of a point in a masked region is assumed to be zero). To decide which mode you require, use this simple rule when combining grids: The AND masking mode will NEVER give you a resultant grid with an active (visible) area larger than the smallest active area being referenced. Generally, it will be smaller. Therefore, if you are combining overlapping grids, and you want the resultant grid to have an active area that covers both grids, use the OR masking mode. “AND” MODE.Stratigraphic Modelling or” MoI ¢ The Masked Node Value is the value of a grid node when it is masked. The default ("default") is an interpolated value based on the chosen modelling method. If you enter a number in the panel (c.., 5), all grid values outside the visible area will be set to a constant “Z” value of “5.” The only way to view these nodes is to “Unmask” the grid. Let's take @ look at the Stripping Ratio macros and see how the Change Defaults option is used to get ‘the proper results. The first macro, “de/8 Jratios.gde_emnd”, generates inplace and recoverable stripping ratio grids to the bottom of the Red seam group without the PRR horizon. All thicknesses are limited to 1.25? or greater. The Red seam group is the main target for mining. The macro also caleulates the cumulative coal thickness and tonnage to the base of the Red group. A total coal floor rid is also produced. ¢ The AY and YE horizons may or may not be mined, depending on the thicknesses and stripping ratios for the seams. The “def82ratios.gde_cmnd” command file produces grids that represent the thickness and tonnage of the AY and YE seams where they have been limited to greater than 1,25", Cumulative coal floor grids are produced for the AY and YE horizons as well as the inplace and recoverable stripping ratio grids ¢ Afler running the “de/8,ratios.gde_emind” and “def82ratios.gde_cmnd” macros, build a set of command files that will do the same things, but include the PRR horizon too, The places to edit are shown in the following two command files with thick dashed lines. Name the new files: ““de(82_prr_ratios.gde_cmnd” and. “def82_prr_ratios.gde_cmnd”. See the diagram on page 74, ‘Filename: defS ratios gde_cmnd IDSR 3/3/2002 ! This macro is applied to the geological model. ! A nominal "recoverable" insitu coal thickness of 1.25 tis used in all ratio calculations. ! 1, 1Generates Strip Ratio Grids to the Base of Red (cumulative); 1 TOPO ! BR 1 AR 1! REUU ! REM 1 REU ‘a 1) REL OF Ac te PR horizon here, 1 1 => 1.1 Base of Red ORU ORM ORL. ORA PLAT 1.1 Base of RED - Cumulative Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 54We are adding thickness grids together. We ‘want our results to Include the combined areas ie helne added tooth ‘We are applying the TRUE / FALSE a .k go 125) rout tk*(reuu.tk ge 1.25) tllinate all nal en than 129 thick. | The Jaark Node Vale rematk(rem.tk ge 1.25) Masern reu.tk*(reutk ge 125) gq 2 a nmin tcknensn, Sztrel.tk*(rel.tk ge 1.25) ren acre. re.tk"(restk ge 1.28) CHANGE_DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO MODE=ANB MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION save basretk q__gevtssers For normal grid masking funetions, use the “AND” Mode. ange to: Dasreprr.th, ! Calculate the cumulative Coal Tonnage per sq.ft (tn=tk*rd). Limit the tonnage to eoal greater than 1.25". (CHANGE _DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=OR /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 /PROJECT=DEF tk br-dn*(brtk ge 1.25) tk arsdn*(ar.tk ge 1.28) =z+reuu.tk*reuu.da (reuu.tk ge 1.28) =cbrem.threm.dn*(rem.tk ge 1.25) -treu.tk*reu.dn*(reu.tk ge 1.25), "Add the PRR horizon her. Ertrel ak*reLdn*(reltk ge1.28) =réresth*re.dn*(restk ge 1.25) MASK /AREA_MASK /GRID =basrestk _¢# save basre.tn <——¥}_ Change to: Next, we will be calculating the cumulative coal floor model. This is tricky. We will use « minimum function to follow the lowest “Z” values. On first examination, we see that the Masked Node Value is set to 9999, which is far above topography. By setting the masked grid nodes to 9999, we are eliminating all masked areas from future equations. We are also adding 9999 to each masked SF grid node value, which causes them to shoot up into space way above topography. Since we are using a minimum function with topography, the masked areas ‘wll acquire the same “Z" values as “topo.tp". Somehow, we have to leave the valid structure floor values untouched. In the equations above, we were using the masking equation: (.tk ge 1.25), We wanted to {include only the coal that was 1.25” or thicker in our visible (mask=1) grid area, To calculate the total coal floor, we are manipulating only the areas where the coal is less than 1.25° (mask=0). When we multiply this ‘mask by 9999, all grid node values in areas where the coal is equal to or greater than 1.25” are unaffected {adding zer0). oa Ya ‘The “BASRE SF” model will follow topography where the scam sither docs nat | {y'9999" fr eitnating the exist, or is less than 1.25" thick. In areas of greater thickness, the “BASRE.SF” | masked SF grid nodes trom {rid will follow the floor of the lowest horizon. the equation. { Caleulate the cumulative Coal Floor (CHANGE_DEFAUL =topo.tp ‘We are using the “Minimum” function. We {asbr.sf+9999"(br.tk It 1.25) ‘want our results to inelude the combined areas in(z,ar.sf#9999*(ar.tk It 1.25) ‘of all the grids that are in the equation. in(z,reuu.sf+9999"(reau.tk It 1.25) ——————————— n(z,rem.sF+9999"(rem.tk It 1.25)) ‘Add the PRR in(z,reu.st+9999%(reu.tk It 1.28)) horizon here. =min(z,relsf+9999%(relitk i125) “4 rst, multiply the mask value from the true/false save basre.sf ‘equation (seam.tk It 1.28) by 9999. Then add the results to the SF node values. Only the areas where coal is less than 1.25° thick will be shifted up 9999. CAASLE IS tonrepenat "The valld SF values will remain the same. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 55Stratigraphic Modelling ! Calculate the Strip Ratios (ir= inplace; rr= recoverable ratio) (CHANGE_DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=AND /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=default /PROJECT=DEF =(topo.tp-basre.sf-basre.tk)/27/max(basre.tn,0.01) MASK/GRID=basre.tk save basre.ir << Ging: Dee = (topo tp-basrest-basre.tk)/27/max(baste.t0,0.01)0.98 Gat te esrcprr sebunreprnale MASK /AREA_MASK /GRID =basre.tk See eer save basre.sr 4 closegrids : EF Change to: topo.tp-basrepre.stbasreprr.tk ove Dow ‘The sum ofthe two sections of waste noted in the drawing will be used in the ealculation for Stripping Ratios As you can see, these macros calculate more than just stripping ratios. Now you understand how powerful the masking functionality can be, Up to now, you have probably been limited to the basic grid Masking/Unmasking tasks, With alittle practice you should be able to generate more complex macros that use grid masking in different ‘ways. We will be reviewing other examples during our time together. Let’s examine the “def@2ratios.gde_cmnd” command file to. 1 Filename: def82ratios.gd¢_emnd DSR: 12/28/2000 This macro is applied to the geological model. 11 A nominal "recoverable" insitu coal thickness of 1.25 ft is sed in all ratio calculations. 11, Generates Strip Ratio Grids. ! 1 Base of AY (incremental); 12 Base of YE (incremental); TOPO BR AR REUU REM ! ! ! ! ! PREV gq Pte PR eran re 1 REL 1 RE 1 Ay => 11 Base of RE to AY 1 YE => 1.2 Base of AY t0 YE 1 BL 1! ORU 1 ORM 1 ORL 1 ORA 1 PLAT Copyright ©2003, Maptek Pty Ltd 56Stratigraphic Modelling 11.1 Base of AY - Incremental 1 | AY Coal Thickness - Limit thickness to coal greater than 1.25", =ay.tk*"(ay.tk ge 1.25) For normal grid masking functions, use the “AND” Mode. ' Caleulate the Coal Tonnage per sq.ft (tn=tk"rd) {Limit the tonnage to coal greater than 1.25" (CHANGE_DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=OR /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 /PROJECT=DEF =ay.tkay.dn (ay.tk ge 1.25) MASK /AREA_MASK /GRID =incay.tk save incay.tn Change to: basreprr.st 1 Calculate the cumulative Coal Floor crue pegs mvertNETECnoeon is iam /PROJECT=DEF =basrest =min(z,ay.sF+9999*(ay.th It i ‘First, multiply the mask value from the trueffalse MASK /AREA_MASK [EQUATION 2169000" | equation (seam.tk It 1.25) by 9999.'Then add the save incay.sf Fesulis (othe SF node values. Only he areas where ‘coal sess than 1.25" thick wil be shifted wp 999. 1 Caleulate the Strip Ratios “The valid SF values will remain the same, 1 Gr= inplace; rr= recoverable ratio) (CHANGE_DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=AND /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=default /PROJECT=DEF =(basre.sf-ineay.sFineay.th)/27/max(ineay.tn,0.01) MASK /AREA_MASK /GRID =incay.tk save inea =(basre.sFineay.sFineay.th)/27/max(incay.tn,0.01/0.98 MASK /AREA_MASK /GRID =incay.tk save ineay.rr closegrids 11.2 Base of YE - Incremental 1 1 Coal Thickness - Limit thickness to coal greater than 1.25'. (CHANGE_DERAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=OR /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 /PROJECT=DEF Byestk*(ye.tk ge 1.25) (CHANGE_DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=AND /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 /PROJECT=DEP MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION =" gt 0° save incye.tk 1 Caleulate the Coal Tonnage per sq.ft (In= {Limit the tonnage to coal greater than 1 tk*rd) (CHANGE_DEFAULTS ISTRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=OR /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 /PROJECT=DEF Byes yerdn*(vestk ge 1.25) MASK /AREA,MASK /GRID =incye.tk save incye.tn Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Lid 37Stratigraphic Modelling ! Calculate the Coal Floor using the AY.SF grid, CHANGE_DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=OR /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=9999 /PROSECT=DEF Fincay.sf First, multiply the mask value from the true/false sriin(esye.sh¥99904(yesth It 1.25)) quan (ant 125) by 99, Then sie MASK /AREA, MASK /EQUATION =z It 9000" | results to the SF node values. Only the areas where save incyesf coal is ess than 1.25" thick will be shifted up 9999, ‘The valid SF values will remain the same, ! Calculate the Strip Ratios (ir = inplace; r= recoverable ratio) CHANGE_DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOPO /MODE=AND /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=default /PROJECT=DEF =(ineay.st-incye.sf-incye.tk)/27/max(incye.tn,0.01) MASK /AREA_MASK /GRID =ineye.tk saveincyeir =(ineay.sf-incye.sF-incye.tk)/27/max(Ineye.tn,0.01)/0.98 MASK /AREA_MASK /GRID =incye.tk save incye.rr closegrids ‘“*4NOTE: When generating normal contours of stripping ratio models, DO NOT use smoothing. Strings of earls along the edges will result from the smoothing operation. Topic 17: “Master” Modelling Files — “def geo_master.gde_emnd” and “defmine_master.gde_cmnd” Review the master modelling macros “de/geo_master.gde_cmnd” and “defmine_master.gde_cmnd,” ‘The “defOgeo_master” file can be used to generate the entire Geological model at once. The “defOmine_masier.gde_cmnd’” file executes all individual Mine Modelling macros. A better use for these macros would be for keeping track of where you are in the modelling process. By editing and executing only this macro, you will always know the next step in the modelling process. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 58Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 18: Running Insitu Reserves on the Geological Model The first reserve run will be on our insitu geological model limited only by the “subcrop” and “exist” polygons. The Orange seam group will be restricted by the depth limits also. If you have not checked some of the midburden grids already, display a few of them in Grid Cafe. Compare the grids with your original data. Midburden grids generated from Fixmap mapfiles will have different values than the original structural mapfiles. The original mapfile contains values that may represent missing seams at the illhole location, the Fixmap file has all seams in each location. Since we do not have mutually exclusive burden grids at this time, we must have Rsvute calculate the overburden and midburdens for us. Rsvute uses a cell-by-cell process to calculate the reserves in this situation. It is more accurate than using grid ‘models for calculating burdens, but itis a very slow method. Complete the following steps to get the insitu reserves: 4 Start Rsvute with “TOTAL” as the active design database. Choose to overwrite the report.rsu_list file. 4 Examine the model displayed in the scroll window. Make sure all of the grids are being accessed, and all of the necessary variables have been defined. Are dhese assumptions af 2S fvartable me azsuned to be a qualfty vartable comect? = Grid Cale — Net Define Vande s| ke REEES =| RXR EERE i ES) SE ES S ts meprog Aye all of the horizons KR] Rx x Xe Motte: of interest sted? RL EER ER wx ex x x Ave there any extras on FE) RR ERE ELE EES ‘the list? | Clea ee ee ee Ge le RIESE ES ERE REE Moel/Hortzon Table S| oS SS ES Ansett tor saving de S| EE SSS reserving sais er | deere | S| XE SE put redirected to Report eeu_txst A” aomatically generated. LECT_POLYGONS. /POLYGONS= (HODELMASK) /das{gn_dbatotal LE Vornnetic nodes 4 Theuser selects the Rsvute polygons from a design database by using Files/Select Polygons and specifying the layer name. If the object name is left blank, by default, all objects within the layer will be selected, You will be allowed to choose specific objects within the layer if desired. Wildcards are permitted. Choose the “Modelmask” layer, all objects. The polygon we will be using for all of our reserve runs will be displayed. If counter-clockwise objects (donuts) are displayed, the user should not use the layer for reserving, unless the layer is specifi i imeters pane|, or invisible bri ing th exclusive polygons with the inclusive obj them (single The user then needs to activate the desired polygons for reserving, Files/Highlight Polygons can be used, or the Tools/Selection or Selection by Rubberband options may be used. When Tools/Selection is used, you must pick on the polygon name. The layer name will turn red, indicating it is ready to be reserved, Ifthe name is too small to see easily, the size can be edited with 3-D Text Defaults. Polygons loaded through Envisage may also be used for reserving. The Files/Pick Polygons option ‘must be used to import the Envisage polygon into Rsvuie. The polygons must then be activated for reserving by using one of the methods discussed above. Select the Units/Units option to define the units (metric or imperial) for reporting. ¢ Choose Units/Density to define a default density value, and the mass and volume units. Pick the Units/Precision option to define the precision used for reporting the reserves. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 59)Stratigraphic Modelling The reserves may be classified as measured, inferred, o indicated by using Units/Classify. Use Files/Table to define the variables to be reported in the resulting Table file. Select Report Default Variables Only. Defining the Reserving Limits @ Select Reserves/Set Mask Mode. We will be using polygons to limit the reserving area, so the Ignore Grid Mask option should be used. For detailed information about the reserving process, see the section of this manual titled: Rsvute. © The reserving limits are defined in the Horizon Parameters panel. The subcrop and exist limits should bbe used at this time. Complete the panel by typing * in the column labeled Layer and entering a “** in the Object column, Because we have been careful when naming our limits, both the EX_SEAM and the CR_SEAM limits will be used. If there are any red “X”s checked in the panel, turn them off. @ Select Set Coal Variables and enter “TK” as the Coal Thickness Variable. Check the box labeled: Use Coal Density Variable. Enter “RD” as the Coal Density Variable. We are mining coal, so we will leave the Material Name set as its. Reporting Reserves 4 We can save our entire reporting scenario by selecting the Reserves/Report Defaults panel, filling it out, and saving our setup under Files/Save Defaults, Make sure you have selected the Burdens check box. If you supply a name when saving the defaults, you will have to select the file when starting Rsvute. Ifyou leave the name blank, the defaults will automatically load. Note: Do not enter limit layers into the Report Reserves. 1 into this panel are used ina totally different way. See the section of this manual titled: Rsvuie, ¢ Go to the Reserves/Report Reserves option. It should display the same selections made in the Reserves/Report Defaults panel. Check the panel and pick the OK button, Reserves will be calculated for each specified horizon. The overburden and midburdens will be calculated on a cell-by-cell basis. ¢ When the reserves have been completed, save the contents of the seroll window by picking on “Print” and supplying a file name. The text in the scroll window may be truncated if the lines are too ong. Examine the file to make sure the reserves were calculated as expected, ¢ Use Files/Save Table to create a file that can be quickly imported into Excel. All values will be written to the table file unless you specity to Report Default Variables Only in the Files/Table option before running reserves. 4 The previous reserving setup is the same as method #1 in the Rsvute section of this manual. We will be processing several different types of reserve runs. Each will be slightly different. 4 Examine the results following. These reserves represent perfect mining conditions that are not affected by dilution, depletion, limits on thickness, depth, quality, stripping ratios, or other types of recovery factors. The table file shown below was manipulated in Excel for this display. Insitu Geological Reserves Limits = EX_SEAM and CR_SEAM bine SHE SS BO EP. ‘DENS [00_AREA, THE TK VOL TE-MASS 8 TK G5 VOL [OB AREA'MD TK MD_VOL. ers ‘ACHES oom) “avaaea, 328, aim zmson aauea| sionet "ater 0 pea “isaey) 053" sMess ams) 2595 sou) 19a 0 Opes 346) 095) tes maT Sato Opa) Sau) 4!) eos ames, Soo Ooms, ares, a5) ene wes 33K9, sara seas wal Coast) ask 09s) scar Tmiss Gala asi ABO (ar douaon| 12) tees vesaies| 2an1szvsa—sevas| 12 Oot 179502) 635 (SOSH IGT am Gees oes 362s ome S505, esaea ee 9201 LogsMO 44 438 Dome 36129) Lis) Set” DUB ses clo easy DT SsewIs py “11087, a0) teow 1708 Seata te ia awn Tessa 1 alae alaed 90976. Lae) S35 elma oon 093, grim) aaa) isa UAL eras ‘eos uses! 170, ioewsa—aiauns 1008152 29 ae 6126236) Sexms —FrsI6 “1sa11| SRL an sue ‘ipo, las) sr tomes sie s977 5335 03, i [2 | 3 4 6 1 s| 2 ‘0 i inion) 5475) ssetini —aneso7 saitona zea asia Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 60.Stratigraphic Modelling ‘Topic 19: Creating Mutually Exclusive Geological Burden Grids and Limit Lines Burden grids are not used for running geological reserves. We have redefined the thicknesses and roofs of our seams, but we have not adjusted the burden grids to account for the changes. It is not necessary to do so unless you wish to use the geological burden grids for visualisation purposes. ‘The Mine Modelling process will recalculate the burdens after the horizons are combined for mining, The following macro recaleulates the geological burdens, forcing the midburden and ‘overburden for a seam to be mutually exclusive of one another. Polygons defining the areas of the exclusive burden grids are also produce. Filename: def geo_burdens.gdc_cmnd DSR: 3/05/2002 | This macro generates mutually exclusive seam overburden and midburden grids for each horizon and split for | the Geological model. All seam SR and SF grids must be masked with their final seam suberop and existence Himits. Check the validity of the masking polygons before running this macro. 1 STEP 1: CREATE A NEW DESIGN DATABASE FOR STORING THE POLYGONS. DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CREATE_DATABASE/AREA=geo_burdens ! STEP 2: CREATE SEAM TOTAL COAL FLOOR GRIDS FOR MIDBURDEN CALCULATIONS. THESE 1 GRIDS DEFINE THE TOTAL COAL AREA FOR THE DESIGNATED SEAM AND ALL SEAMS ! ABOVE IT, MASKING MODE IS SET TO "OR" AND THE DEFAULT NODE VALUE IS DEFINED AS 1"'9999" FOR COMBINING THE GRIDS. (CHANGE_DEFAULTS /STRUCTURE=TOP0 /MODE=OR /MASKED_NODE_VALUE=9999 /PROJECT=DEF ‘coal_ar.sf=min(br.st,ar.sf) -min(coal_ar.sf,re.sfyreu.sf,reuu.sf) coal_rem.sf=min(coal_reuu.sfjresf,rew.sf,rem.sf) coal_rel.sf=min(coal_remaf,re-sf,rel.sf) coal_ay.sf=min(coal_relsf,ay.sf) coal_bl.sf=min(coal_ye.st,bl.sf) coal_oru.sf=min(coal_blsforasf,oru.st) coal_orm.sf=min(coal_oru.sf,orm.sf) _MD" IN BURDEN.DGD. D. UNMASK THE BUFFERED GRID. 1 I E, GENERATE THE OVERBURDEN GRID USING THE BUFFERED GRID. ' F. MASK THE GRID SO THAT ONLY THE AREAS WITH OVERBURDEN ARE VISIBLE. G. SAVE THE OVERBURDEN GRID. ' H, CONTOUR THE EDGE OF THE MASK AND SAVE AS "_OB" IN BURDEN.DGD. 1 BR Seam br.ob=topo.tp-br.sr 1 AR Seam ar.md=br.st- im CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S/GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 REPLACE [MASK /LAYER=ar_md /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=4 /OBJECT=ent0.5 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=4 unmask Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 61Stratigraphic Modelling ar.ob=(topo.tp-ar.sr)* MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION ="z gt 0" ssave ar.ob ‘CONTOUR /LEVEL=(.500) POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=$ GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 JREPLACE [MASK /LAYER=ar_ob /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=6 (OBJECT=ent0.5 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=6 1 REUU Split rewu.md=coal_s -m ‘CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S/GREATER /INCLUDE,LINE_TYPE=0 /REPLACE /MASK /LAYER=reuu_md /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=4 /OBJECT=ent0.5 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=4 unmask rewu.ob=(topo.tp-reuu.st)*z MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION ="2 gt 0° save rewu.ob ‘CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S /GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 /REPLACE /MASK /LAYER=reuu_ob /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=6 /OBJECT=cnt0.5 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=6 -sPreuu.sr UREU Split reumd=coal_ar.sf-reu.st ‘CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) POLYGON /EXCLUDE. IREPLACE /MASK /LAYERSreu_md /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=4 /OBJECT=en(0.5 INCLUDE, COLOUR=4 unmask reu.ob=(opo.tp-reu.st)*2 MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION. save reu.ob CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=5 /GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 REPLACE /MASK /LAYER=reu_ob /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=6 /OBJECT=". The ! process is repeated for all node values that are greater than 1,000 and less than or equal to a value of 2,000, DESIGN_DB_ACCESS /AREA=sulfur /OPEN_DATABASE, EDIT /EQUATION=S1.sd MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION ="z ge 0.01 and ze 1.000" Save sul_masksd ‘CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S /GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 /REPLACE [MASK /LAYER=su01_$1 /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=13 /OBJECT=ent0.S /INCLUDE_COLOUR=1 EDIT /EQUATION=S1.sd MASK /AREA_MASK /EQUATION Save sul_masksd ‘CONTOUR /LEVEL=(0.500) /POLYGON /EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=5 /GREATER /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 /REPLACE /MASK /LAYER=sui2_$1 /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=14 JOBJECT=ent0.5 /INCLUDE_COLOUR=14 gt 1.000 and z le 2,000" 4 There needs to be a sulfior* spec.rsu_cmnd file for each cutoff interval. Check each supplied file to make sure the appropriate limit layer name has been inserted into the Horizon Parameter section of the file. Compare suifur01_spec.rsu_cmnd with the geo_spee.rsu_cmnd file used in the insitu reserve run. Only the seams with sulfur cutoffs within the limits of the specification file should be edited. All other seams should use their seam limit layers for reserving. Pa er aiel 3 fe [Sanat ono on nn ne Heerey + |POLY_AREA= 7610.17 RUN HRIN DENS CO_AREA'TK THK TK VOL TK MASS! §D | 2 (MODELMASK.MASK) Otol BR | 0.0392 0.438, 4.679 330.552 _3603.721 3 |(MODELMASK MASK) 1 to2 0.0399 e884, 3.127) B5z576.44, 379325 20 (MODELMASK(MASK) 2 to.3 0.0403) 104.157, 3.108) §22362.94 56802.69 ‘IMODELMASK MASI). 3 to4 0.0405 2527122968, 1210162 1324841 9 4108 0.0405 “2977/3546, 16746.066 18506.122 +The defeuifir_resv'su_cnnd reserving macro executes reserve runs for each seam within the sulfur cutoffs for that horizon. Check the file for accuracy. The command file automatically selects the reserving polygon and creates a reserving table file. Use the “Sulfur” database to start Rsvute. Do not select a specification file, Use Files/Invoke Macro, and select: defrulr_resv. ‘¢ After hitting the enter key, the sulfur reserves will be run for each seam, ‘Capture the results from the seroll window. ‘4 Import the table fies into Excel and format as shown above, Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 66Stratigraphic Modelling THE MINE MODEL ‘Topic 21: Mine Model Creation in Grid Calc ‘A Mine Model is a composited geologic model where: + thin seams are composited or eliminat 4 seams are combined, parting thicknesses and waste to coal ratios permitting; ‘¢ new seam extents based on recoverability and cover are calculated; ‘¢ Run-Of-Mine (ROM) thickness and quality grids are created that reflect dilution, depletion and recovery. Prerequisite: All quality and structure grids must be masked correctly and pre-exist in your geological directory. ‘The menus and steps required to generate a mine model in Grid Cale are: QUALITY PARAMETERS define quality values and defaults MINING PARAMETERS define dilution, depletion and recovery CREATE MINE MODEL create the new mining grids BURDEN GRIDS create burden and stripping ratio grids + You need to create a parallel “Mine” directory and copy the following files from the “Geo” directory: vulean.chk Vulean Check File *total.dg* Total Design Database and Index File *dgl Envisage Specifications File *.ade_glob Grid Calc Global Specification File gde_spec Grid Cale Modelling Specitication File “lb Drillhole Database Library Files (if library database) isi Drillhole Database and Index File (if headered database) dst Datasheet File (if headered database) "ge" Drillhole Database and Index File (if library database) *rsu_omnd Rsvute Specifications File *sed Envisage Color Legends File * syn Drillhole Database Synonym Files (if library database) “tpg. ‘Topography and Depth of Weathering Models The Quality and Mining Parameters All of the necessary information for completing the Quality Parameters and Mining Parameters panels can be found on page 3 of this document. See the section of this manual titled: Mine Modelling in Grid Calc for detailed information about the Composite menu, The Quality Parameters supply the program with default values that are used to produce new quality srids based on the seams being composited and the mining parameters. Since we generated a set of default quality grids in the geological model, we do not need to apply default values for the coal seams. Enter the “as delivered” grids into the Quality Parameters panel. + Dilution, Depletion, and Recovery factors are specified in the Mining Parameters panel. The loss of coal and the gain of waste material have a direct effect on the R.O.M. quality. New quality and run- ‘of-mine thickness grids are generated from the input into this panel. The masked portions of the resulting grids can be manipulated for the purposes of mine planning. See the example on page 69 for details. Roof Loss ‘Coal lost from the roof of the seam (Depletion) Floor Loss Coal lost from the floor of the seam (Depletion) Roof Gain Waste material gained at the roof (Dilution) Floor Gain Waste material gained at the floor (Dilution) Recovery Recovery % of remaining material Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 67Stratigraphic Modelling R.OM. Thickness = ( ST - RoofLoss - FloorLoss + RooftGain + FloorGain ) * Recovery?4/100 ¢ When the Quality Parameters and Mining Parameters panels are complete, save the entries Files/Save specs. The input is saved to the defall.gde_spec file. Generating the Composited Model Open the “Total” design database using the Grid Calc/Data/Design DB Access option. ¢ Open a report (scroll) window to full screen size. 4 Select Composite/Create Mine Model and use the following specifications in the panel (see page 61): Alll Horizons Alternative Data Area = ../geo Use “TK” as the Horizon and Coal Thickness Variables The Minimum Mining Thickness is 1.25" ~ Thinnest seam that can be economically mined with an “Basi-Miner.” 5. Minimal Separable Parting is 0.25’ Cannot economically separate waste less than 4” thick. 6. Minimum Coal / Waste Ratio is 1.0 ~ Do not let the ratio become a factor. 7. Select the Save Composited Grids and Create ROM Grid buttons. Enter RM as the ROM Variable name. Pick the Sr, Sff Tk, and Pt buttons. Choose the Save Limit Lines button and enter “_min” in the box labeled: Suffix for the horizon name to form a polygon name box. This naming convention will be applied to each of the mining limit layers. Make sure to select the Save multiple polygons option. 10. On the third panel select Create Quality Grids. 11. Pick OK, and the Mine Model will be generated. BERS 4 Make sure to save the output in the scroll window, as this is the only pl sotup for this panel is recorded, ‘The Create Mine Model Panels a a ain | sae | eer a reek eee [semen ee cay colt ai | emontinenVactc TEs] : = ele [RS] | salam tcenraeatateapdnrane [TT Frets ‘| Himmonmatitnee FB | tesa, rime pti tia shee: BE _| © Sortie Hinmcollometnies XG | Sarwerion 1 teny tment weaned a ee @ stk 9 ox | neg, ae Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 68Stratigraphic Modelling MOVE FLOOR TOROOFIF MASKED l ‘MOVE FLOOR TO ROOF IF MASKED ACCOMMODATE LOSSES AND GAINS, TROOFLOS «05 FLOORLOSS= 08 ROOFGAIN=0.25" FLOORGAIN=0.25" RECOVERY =95% "LEAVE ASS WHERE MASKED TEAVE AS IS WHERE MASKED ACCOMMODATE LOSSES AND GAINS "MOVEROOFTO FLOOR IF MASKED ‘Maa Ar One Or Wile MOVE ROOF TO FLOOR IF MASKED ‘PUSH SURFACES BELOW THE LOWEST eS Mashed ret One Grid al Wide iagram Showing the Results of Usin; Example of a Composit ing Parameters Panel Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 69Stratigraphic Modelling ¢ Examine the Mine Model by creating some cross-sections of the grid model and displaying the database thickness values for checking the results. Compare the ROM grids to the new thickness ‘models. Check to see how much the process has affected the quality models. ‘¢ Itis also helpful to plot the composited seam models and display the geologii how much material has been eliminated, ¢ Make a copy of the defigde_glob file. Name the copy def-geo.gde_glob. Determine which seams, if any have been eliminated in the Mine Modelling process. The easiest way to do this is to examine the Compositing Report, and compare it with the Horizon Table. Edit the table and remove all reference to the seams that have been eliminated. Use Files/Save Specs to save the changes. You now have a new GLOB file for the mining model. The mining file will have a few less seams, but many more defined variables in it when the modelling is completed. ¢ Copy the grids into a backup directory. limit layer to evaluate ‘Topic 22: Generating Incremental Stripping Ratio Models for the AY and YE Seams. ‘The “AY’ and “YE” seams are minor thin horizons which occur under the “RED” seam group. These seams are mined only if they are greater than or equal to 1.25” thick, and the ineremental stripping ratio is less than or equal to 20, The incremental ratio of 20 was determined after evaluating project economics. ‘The macro wil initialise the Compasite / Burdens option in Grid Calc to generate burden thickness grids for the seams where they exist and the first occurrence of any seam above or to topography. We will use the Call All Material Overburden option because the separation between midburden (interburden) and overburden is unnecessary. This stops Burden Grids from classifying material, and all waste above a seam (whether it is midburden or overburden) is grouped into one thickness grid called OB (overburden). We will also generate cumulative stripping ratio grids for all seams. These grids will be named using the convention: rt. OVERBURDEN Assume all coal above seam is mineoe— > we These overburden models are used to calculate the Recoverable Incremental Ratio to the “AY” and “YE” seams. Check to make sure the AY and YE overburden grids look correct and they are masked properly. Each resulting grid will be masked according to the incremental ratio criteria and new “AY” and “YE” seam limit layers will be generated. Let’s take a look at the deflayyeratio.gde_cmnd file. T Filename: deflayyeratio.gdc_cmnd HDsR 3/2/2002 ! YOU MUST RUN INTERMEDIATE BURDEN GRIDS BEFORE THIS PROCEDURE IN ORDER TO. ! CALCULATE THE INCREMENTAL RATIO: 1 Use the option in Grid Cale: Composite/Burdens. 1A nominal incremental ratio of "20" is used to include/exclude the mining of the AY/YE. ! This macro must be run before the COAL roof generator. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 0Stratigraphic Modelling Base of AY or YE - BASE-SPLIT Seam ! ! | Generate the WASTE THICKNESS GRIDS between the SEAMS where they exist to the first existing seam | occurring above, These are used to calculate the inplace ineremental ratio to the AY and YE seams. Enter | only the appropriate seams. Create Stripping Ratio grids also. BURDEN_GRIDS/ROOF_VARIABLE=SR/TOPO_HORIZON=TOPO/MGNORE_UNSPECIFIED_ HORIZONS/CALL_ALL_MATERIAL_OVERBURDEN/ HORIZONS=(BR,REUU,PRR,REL,AY,YE)/FLOOR_VARIABLE=SF/TOPO_VARIABLE=1P ‘ : eit Calculate the incremental stripping Calculate the INCREMENTAL ratio to the AY and YE seam: Coles i incr leulate the incremental strpp soaring) J ante none ne yeurr=(e.ob/27) max(ye.rméye.dn 0.001) Evaluate only the intersections of CHANGE_DEPAULTSMODE=AND/MASKED_NODE, VALUE=0' tonogate =(ay.ob+ye0b)/27/max((ay.emtay in)+(ye.rmyecn 0.001) Lhe CHANGE. DEFAULTS/MODE-OR/MASKED_NODE_VALUE='detault’ | Cayuse Ih teconersbl ‘masi/area_masklequation='ay.rm. oF yerm! ee save ayye.tt Evaluate the union of the two grids CHANGE_DEFAULTS/MODE=AND/MASKED_NODE_VALUE | The “PERIODS” on the ends of the fault! aid names designates the gid’s current mask. ! Mask the AY and YE seam grids according to the INCREMENTAL | RATIO criteria, Use 20:1 incremental Recoverable Ratio. ‘Mask the SF grid where the recoverable stripping ratio o the AY" or “AYYE” seam is less 'ay.rr le 20 or ayye.rr Le 20 ‘han or equal to 20. saveay.st say MASK/AREA,MASKIGRID='ay.af ‘Malpy te grid woe valves by Chee crrepeadng mal save ay.1m ay.sftay.rm saveay.sr Fay.th, MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='ay.s Save ay.th =ay.ad MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='ay. sf! Save ay.ad =ay.bd MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='ay. sf" Save ay.bd Fay.ed MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='ay. sf" Save ay.ed sd MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='ay. sf" Save ay.sd Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd aStratigraphic Modelling Fay.dn MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='ay. sf" Save ay.dn E Seam: =yest MASK/EQUATION='ye.rr le 20 or ayyearr Ie 20" MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='yesf" =2"M save yerm =yesftye.rm save yesr =yeatk MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='yest" Save yet. read MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='ye. sf" Save ye.ad -yebd MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='ye. sf" Save yebd eed MASKIAREA_ MASK/GRID='ye. sf" Save ye.ed =yesd MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='ye. sf" Save yesd ‘yen MASK/AREA_MASK/GRID='ye. sf" Save yedn | Generate new AY and YE SEAM LIMIT Polygons for reserving. DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/OPEN_DATABASE/AREA=TOTAL =ay.st CONTOUR/LEVEL=(0.5/MASK/POLYGON/PLOT/LAYER=ay20_min/OBJECT=mask/INCLUDE_ COLOUR=15/INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=I5/EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=5/ REPLACE =yesf CONTOUR/LEVEL=(0.5/MASK/POLYGON/PLOT/LAYER=ye20_min/OBJECT=mask/INCLUDE_ COLOUR=16INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0 /EXCLUDE_COLOUR=16/EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=5/ REPLACE. DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE Closegrids 4 Check the “AY.RR”, “YE.RR”, and “AYYE.RR” models with their corresponding limit lines. The ratio models are used in other macros and in reserving. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd n Mae a isss—‘i—s—sS@a_umainmnemnHmHmHe HEHE HE HE SE SE SE SE SS SS Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 23: Calculate Cumulative Stripping Ratios with Depth Limitations © Use the supplied macro named: de/20ra_ratios.gdc_cmnd to determine if itis reasonable to mine the ‘Orange seam group. If itis not, remove the ORU, ORL, and PLAT horizons from further evaluations. ‘The def2ora_ratios.gde_emnd macro is very similar to the ratio macros designed in the geological modelling process, but it incorporates the depth limit of 200 feet. Take a look at the macro: 1 Filename: def2ora_ratios.gde_emnd IDSR 3/4/2002. This macro is applied to the mining model. Generates Strip Ratio Grids to the Base of 1 Orange (cumulative); ! BR 1! REUU 1! PRR 1 REL. 1 ay 1 YE 1 oRU 1 ORL, --> 1.1 Base of ORANGE | Base of ORANGE ~ Cumulative - Calculate the cumulative ROM Thickness, (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=0r/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 -rmvtreuwem-+prr.rm+rel.rm, =ztay.em+yermoru.rm+orlrm (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPOIMODE=and/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 MASK/EQUATION="z gt 0° save basora.rm {Calculate the cumulative Coal Tonnage per sq.ft (tn=rm*rd). (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=I OPO/MODE=or/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 rarm*br.dn Sz+reuu.rm*reuu.dn =z4prr.rm*predn =etrel.rm*reldn =ztay.rm*ay.dn =atyearm*yedn =z+oru.rmoru.dn srtorl.rm*orL.dn MASK/GRID=basora.rm ‘save basora, {Calculate the cumulative Coal Floor (CHANGE, DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEP/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=or/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=9999 ineyreun.st) in(zprr sf) inure.) =min(z,ay.sf) MASK/GRID=basora.rm save basora.st { Calculate the Depth to the floor of the Orange group, (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=and/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=default =topo.tp-basora.sf MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z It 200" MASK/GRID=oru.sf Eliminates any “edge” effect on the mask, save basora.df Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd BDESIGN_DB_ACCESS/OPEN_DATABASE/AREA=total ‘CONTOUR/LEVEL=(0.5)MASK/POLYGON/PLOT/LAYER=ora_dpth/OBJECT=ent200INCLUDE_COLOUR=1 ‘NCLUDE_LINE_TYPB=0/EXCLUDE_COLOUR=17/EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S/REPLACE "ESS/CLOSE_DATABASE {Calculate the Cumulative Strip Ratios for the Orange Seam Group. =(topotp-basora.sf-basora.rm)/27/max(basora.tn0.01) MASK/GRID=basora.rm save basora.ir closegrids ‘Topic 24: Create Grid Models Representing the Coal Roof and Coal Floor of the Combined Seams It is often advantageous to combine all of the coal seams into one body of material. The following macro, defcoalroof gdc_cmnd generates total “coal roof” and “coal floor” grids that reflect the eliminated seams. The Burden Grids option is executed a second time. The burdens are generated with Mutually Exclusive selected, and the Ignore Unspecified Horizons button checked. Allow the process to overwrite the overburden grids created in the previous step. In addition to the “coal roof” and “coal floor” grids, “COAL.RE” and “COAL.GR” models are produced. The “COAL.RE” grid represents the burden between the Depth of Weathering surface (DOW) and Topography, or the “Red Dirt” area, The “COAL.GR” model reflects the thickness of the burden between the Depth of Weathering surface and the roof of the coal. This burden is called the “Gray Dirt” area, The “Gray Dirt” material is “unoxidised” and creates sulfuric acid when exposed to air. These material types are differentiated because they are handled differently in the Mine Plan and are not mined with the same equipment. Final reclamation of the area must include 4 feet of “Red Dirt” above the “Gray Dirt” at the surface to eliminate the possibility of chemical reactions. At this point, we will make a*COAL.OB” grid too. It represents the total thickness from topography to the top of the coal unit. COAL. ons ‘Examples of Some Coal Floors @ Add “COAL” to the bottom of the Horizon Table, We will be generating several models that combine all of the seams in different ways. These will have the “COAL” naming convention. ¢ Examine the following macro. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 74 IStratigraphic Modelling | Filename: def3coalroof.gde_emnd DSR: 3/6/2002 1 | A macro that ereates a grid of the total coal roof and floor. Overburden models are also generated. ! I NOTE: RUN THE BURDEN OPTION AGAIN IN GRID CALC, THIS TIME WITH "MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE BURDENS" (OB & MD) FOR THE $PLIT-LEVEL SEAMS ONLY. | YOU WILL HAVE TO USE THE "IGNORE UNSPECIFIED HORIZONS" OPTIONS. | SPECIFY ONLY THE SEAMS DOWN TO THE "ORL." BURDEN_GRIDS/ROOF_VARIABLE=SR/TOPO_HORIZON=TOPOGNORE_UNSPECIFIED_ HORIZONS/MAKE_BURDENS_MUTUALLY_EXCLUSIVE/HORIZONS=(BR,REUU,PRR,RELAY, ‘YE,ORU,ORL)FLOOR_VARIABLE=SF/TOPO_VARIABLE=TP | Generate a coal roof. Limit the ORU.SR and ORL-SR by the 200' limit. EDIT/EQUATION=oru.sr MASK/DESIGN_DB=total/ AREA_MASK/LAYER=(ORA_DPTH) save orusr EDIT/EQUATION=orlsr MASK/DESIGN_DB=total AREA_MASK/LAYER=(ORA_DPTH) save orlsr (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF'STRUCTURE=1OPO/MODE=ORMASKED_NODE_VALUE="9999" ax(braryreuusr prr.s,rel.se) ax(oay sryesr,orusr orkst) CHANGE. DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEFISTRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=ANDIMASKED_NODE_VALUB=9999" =min(zdow.p) cue Masked area now follows the Depth of Weathering su (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=T0PO/MODE=AND/MASKED_NODE_ VALUE="DEFAULT’ 1 Save COAL limit poly as: COAL_MIN in the TOTAL database DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/OPEN_DATABASE/AREA=TOTAL CONTOUR/LEVEL=(0.5MASK/POLYGON/PLOT/LAYER=coal_min/OBJECT=msl/INCLUDE_COLOUR=8 /INCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=0/EXCLUDE_COLOUR=8/EXCLUDE_LINE_TYPE=S/REPLACE, DESIGN_DB_ACCESS/CLOSE_DATABASE | Generate a coal Floor. Limit the ORU.SF and ORLSF by the 200' i EDIT/EQUATION=oru.st MASK/DESIGN_DB=totaVAREA_MASK/LAYER=(ORA_DPTH) save orusf EDIT/EQUATION=orlst MASK/DESIGN_DB=totaVAREA_MASK/LAYER=(ORA_DPTH) save orl.sf (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DER/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=OR/MASKED_NODE_VALU jin(br.sfyreuu.sf:prr.sfyre.sf) iin@,ay.sfyesf, orustorl.sf) iin(z,coal.sr) (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=AND/MASKED_NODE_ VALUE='DEFAULT! unmask MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z It 500" save coal.sf Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 5Stratigraphic Modelling | Generate the Red, Gray, and Total Burden Grids: coal.re=topo.tp-dow.tp coal.gr=dow.tp-coal.sr coal.ob=topo.tp-coalsr closegrids 4 Check the models, The difference between topography and the total coal floor should be no more than 200 feet. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 16Stratigraphic Modelling ‘Topic 25: Generate Total Coal Thickness, Tonnage, and Weighted Density Grids ‘We will be concerned with the total coal body from now on. Examine the de/#coalconsol.gde_emnd ‘command file. Grids representing the total coal thickness, total Run of Mine coal thickness, total coal tonnage, and the total coal weighted density will be made. Since we are adding grids together in this macro, we need to use the “OR” masking mode and zero as the mask value. Notice that the modelling defaults are re-set upon completion of the macro. NOTE: Check the AY, YE, ORU, and ORL Density grids to he sure they are masked with the new mining limits before runni | Filename: defcoalconsol.gde_emnd DSR: 3/6/2002 1 macro, | Generate the COAL TK, RM, TN and RD grids for the cumulative volumes. | Calculate the cumulative Coal Thickness. (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DER/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=or/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 Shr.tk =rerewuutk Fetprest Satreltk Extay.th srtyeth =ztoru.tk =atorl.tk save coal-tk, losegrids | Calculate the cumulative ROM Coal Thickness =brrm =ztreuurm =ztpersrm Sebrel.rm ay.m =atyerm =xtorurm =ztork.em save coal.rm losegrids 1 Calculate the cumulative Coal Thiek * Coal RD = Tonnage embed, =rtrewu.rm*rewudn Sxtprrsrmtprrdn =xtrelrm*rdldn Eetay.rmtay.dn =etyearm*ye. =xtorurm*orudn =xtorlrm*orkdn save coal.tn ! Calculate the Weighted COAL.DN =coal-tn/max(coal.rm,0.001) save coalidn closegetds Reset these to the defaults upon completion, (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=and/MASKED_NODE_VALUE='default’ * Check the Coal grids for accuracy. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 7Stratigraphic Modelling ‘Topic 26: Calculating the Total “Delivered” Quality Grids In order to generate the total “Delivered” quality models, the AD, BD, SD, and ED grids will be multiplied (weighted) by their corresponding density and run of mine thickness models. Review and execute the de/Squalconsol.gde_cmnd file. ! Filename: defSqualconsol,gde_cmnd DSR: 3/6/2002 | Generate the COAL QUALITY AS DELIVERED GRIDS: AD, BD, SD, ED. LAD. Delivered Ash (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=or/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 =brrm*brdn*br.ad =ztreuurm*reuudn*reauad =ztprr.rméprr.datprrad Satre.rmtrddntrelad Sehay.rm*ay.dns =rtyermtyedutye.ad =ztorusrm*orudn*oruad =ztorl.rm*orl.dn*orl.ad -=a/max(coalta,0.001) save coalad UBD, Delivered BTU =br.rm*br.dn*be.bd =rhreuu.rm*reuudn*reuu.bd Setperarm*per.dn*per.ba Sehrel.em*rdl.dn*rel.bd raysrm*ay.dn*ay.bd Sztyermtyeda*ye.bd orusrm*orudntoru.bd =ztorLrm*orl.dn*orl.bd elosegrias SD. Delivered SULPHUR, rarm*br.dn*br.sd =ztreuu.rm*renudn*reuu.sd =2tpre.rm'per.da*prr.sd Sebrel.emtedl.dntrelsd ay.rmtay.da*ay.sd =atyermtyedn*ye.sd =ztorurm*orudntorusd =ztorkrm*orldn*orl.sd =z/max(coal.tn,0.001) save coal.sd closegrias ED, Equivalent Moisture as Delivered. =br.rm*br.dn*br.ed =ztreuu.rm*renudn*reuwed Sctper.rn’prrda*prred Satrel.rmtrd.dntre.ed =ztay.rmtay.dn*ay.ed =atyearm*yedn*ye.ed =ztoru.rm*orudntoru.ed =ztorkrm*orl.dntorked =a/max(coaltn,0.001) save coal.ed losegrids (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEP/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=and/MASKED_NODE_VALUE='default ¢ Check the Coal quality grids for accuracy. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd Bigraphic Modelling ‘Topic 27: Generate a Cumulative Midburden Model and Determine Machinery Used for Removal The individual “AY” and “YE” seam midburden models must be masked with their Recoverable Coal limit layers. All other seam models should be properly masked already. # Adding all of the individual seam midburden grids together creates a total"COAL.MD” grid. Each “. MD” model is masked where its thickness is between the values of “0 and 2”. The newly masked grid is then saved as: “.DZ”. These models represent the midburden waste that is less than 2° thick, and must be removed by Dozers. + Then the “. MD” grids are masked so that only the nodes with thickness greater than “2” are le. These models are saved as: “.DL”. Draglines will be removing the midburden waste greater than 2” thick. © Adding the individual Dozer and Dragline grids together then produces “COAL.DZ” and “COAL-DL” models. © Examine and invoke the de/midburconsol.gde_cnind command file. ! Filename: defSmidburdeonsol.gde_emnd DSR 3/6/2002 | Generate the consolidated MID-BURDEN between seems (Interburden). 1227 Ensure the MD to the AY/YE seams are masked to the RECOVERABLE coal (<20:1) (CHANGE _DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEN/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=or/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 save coal.md losegrids | Generate the Dragline DL and DZ grid foreach Seam. 1 Dozer grids: (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=and/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 =brmd MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="2 gt 0 and zt 2? save brdz =reuu.md MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z gt 0 and zt 2” save reundz, perma MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z gt 0 and zt 2” save prez reland MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z gt 0 and zt 2? save rel dz =ay.md MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z gt 0 and zt 2° save ay.dz =yeamd MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z gt 0 and zt 2° save yediz Forumd MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z gt 0 and zt 2” save orudz Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 9Stratigraphic Modelling Forkmd MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z gt 0 and 21t2* save ork, closegrids 12, Dragline DL: =brimd MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATIO! save br.dl md MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z ge 2° save reuu.l pred MASK/AREA_MASKIEQUATION="z ge? save prr.dl rend MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z ge? save rel.dl Fay.md MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z.ge 2° save ay.dl =yemd MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z.g0 2° save yeall Foruimd MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z ge 2° save orudl =orlmd MASK/AREA_MASK/EQUATION="z ge 2° save orkall closegrids (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPOIMODE=or/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=0 1 Generate the consolidated DZ and DL Grids. save coal.dz brill =atreuudl =ztprrl =xtreldl =akayall =xtyedl =atoru.dl =etorhl save coal dl elosegrids Check the total midburden, dozer, and dragline models for accuracy. Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 80Stratigraphic Modelling Topic 28: Calculating Digging Depths to the Roofs of Specific Seam Groups Generating grids that display the depths to the top of the RED and ORANGE horizons is the last step in ‘our Mine Modelling process. The def7digdepth.gdc_cmnd macro calculates the roof of the combined “REUU,” “PRR,” and “REL” seams and names the grid: “COAL.RF”. This model is subtracted from ‘Topography, and the result is named “COAL.TR”. A grid defining the total area for the RED seam is calculated by applying the “True / False” statement “COAL.TR gt 0”, The resulting model contains only 1 and 0” values, and is named: “COAL.RA”. When this grid is integrated, the result will be area in sq.ft, ie, integration of AREA * (1 or 0). The same process is repeated for the ORANGE seam group. See the diagram on page 82. | Filename: def7digdepth.gde_emnd 1 DSR: 04/03/2001 | 1, Generate two grids that represent the RED Seam Group Roof: coal and the ORANGE Seam Group Roof: coal.of 1 2, Generate a THICKNESS grid by subtracting: coal rf from topo.tp. This grid will be used to report a ! VOLUME of material above the SEAM group roof. 1» Grid named: eosl.tr. Repeat for the ORANGE Seam Group Thickness: coalto 13, Generate an AREA grid with 1 or 0 for EXIST or NOT EXIST with each seam group. This grid is generated | fiom the THICKNESS grid as where there is thickness, grid value is 1; where the SEAM group does not exist | thickness will be zero, and hence the AREA grid node will be 0. When this grid is integrated, the result will 1 be area in sq.ft, ie, integration of AREA * (I oF 0) ' 1 Grids generated: coalfand coal.of (Seam group structure roof) ! coal.trand coat _—_ (thickness to seam group roof) ! coal and coal.oa _(arewexist grid of 1 or 0) NOTE: Ensure that all ofthe above variables are defined as "volumetric" variables using Grid ! Cale/Setup/Define Variables. ! DEPTH to RED Seam Roof >>>> ! Generate a RED roof grid: coalrf CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF'STRUCTURE=TOPOMODE=OR/MASKED_NODE_VALUE="9999" =max(retu.sr;prrsryrelst) CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=OR/MASKED_NODE_VALUB='9999' in¢z,topo.tp) save coalf ! Generate a RED GROUP THICKNESS (DEPTH TO) GRID: coal. topo.tp-coal.rf (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=AND/MASKED_NODE_VALUE='default” =topo.tp-coal.rf save coal.tr 1 Generate a RED AREA grid (coal.ra): coal.tr gt 0 (evaluates to 1 or 0); Scoal.tr gt0 save coal.ra closegrids ! DEPTH to ORANGE Seam Roof >>> ! Generate an ORANGE roof grid: coal.of Copyright ©2003. Maptek Pty Lid 81Stratigraphic Modelling (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEF/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=OR/MASKED_NODE_VALUE=".9999" =max(oru.st,orlsr) (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DER/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=OR/MASKED_NODE_VALUE='9999" in(2,topo.tp) save coalof ! Generate a ORANGE GROUP THICKNESS (DEPTH TO) GRID: coal.to = topo.tp-coal.of (CHANGE_DEFAULTS/PROJECT=DEI/STRUCTURE=TOPO/MODE=AND/MASKED_NODE_VALUE='default’ =topo.tp-coal.of save coal.to ! Generate a ORANGE AREA grid (coal.oa): coal.to gt 0 (evaluates to 1 or 0); =eoal.to gt 0 save coal.oa closegrids Sienna Sep eane ‘zine’ Calculating the Average Digging Depth to Seam Groups Topic 29: Running Reserves on the Mine Model RSVUTE ‘Running reserves on the Mine Model is the final step, and one of the major reasons we have created these models. ¢ The reserve reporting units need to be checked. Volume should be reported in yards, area in acres, and all others need to be set to feet. ¢ All Volumetric Variables must be defined in Grid Cale prior to running reserves. See page 84 for a list of variables. ¢ Overburden and Midburden grids can be reserved directly. Do not select the Report Reserves/Burdens button this time. See Method #2 in the Reserving section of this manual. 4 Use the Files/Table option to report the Default Variables only. Remember that the variables will be reported in the same order they occur in the “Glob” file, Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 82Stratigraphic Modelling APPENDIX A: Files and Miscellaneous Course Information Geological Model Files: Raw Data Files - Raw data files for full mining area def_geo.dbl defiopo.tpg —the topography model vilean.chi: deftotal.dgd — contains masking polygon and reserving layers defotal.dgx dofdgl def gde_glob, def gde_glob_no_prr, defeliptopo.gde_glob — global files def2_all gdc_spec geo.dsf— datasheet file for the “GEO” load codb.dsf — datasheet file for the “ODBC” database load ‘imp dst — datasheet file forthe “FMP” loed (Fixmap database) dofflag.def script file for converting flags in the Fixmap database ‘Fismap Script file: fixmapspec, and runfixmap.rep dof sed — Envisage color schemes DOW. bhg_emnd - Drilling Usilities macro for DOW mapfile ‘TD.bhg_omnd - Drilling Utilities macro for TD mapfile Structure.bhg_emnd - Driling Usilicies macro forall structural mapfiles (with WIL seam) Quality_A.bhg_emnd - Drilling Utilities macro for all composited quality mapfiles (without WIL and PRR seams) containing Ash, Sulfur, and BTU. + Quality_B.biag_emnd - Drilling Urilities macro for all composited quatity mapfiles (without WIL and PRR seams) containing EM and RD. + Quality_A_PRR.bhg_cmnd - Drilling Utilities macro for PRR composited quality mapfile containing Ash, Sulfur, and BTU + Quality B_PRR.bhg_cmnd - Drilling Utilities macro for PRR composited quality mapfile containing EM and RD. DOW.mapfile_spec - Drilling Utilities specification file for DOW mapfile ‘TD. mapfile_spec - Drilling Utilities specification file for TD mapfile Structure. mapfile_spec - Drilling Utilities specification file for all structural mapfiles (with WIL seam) Quality_A. mapfile_spec - Drilling Utilities specification file forall composited quality mapfiles (without WIL and PRR seams) containing Ash, Sulfur, and BTU. ‘+ Quality_B, mapfile_spec - Drilling Utilities specification file forall composited quality mapfiles (without WIL and PRR seams) containing EM and RD. + Quality_A PRR. mapfile_spec - Drilling Uriltes specication file for PRR composited quality mapfile containing Ash, Sulfur, and BTU. ¢ Quality_B_PRR. mapfile_spec - Drilling Urilties specification file for PRR composited quality mapfile containing EM and RD. # defgute_spec - Drilling Utilities Record Definition specification file ‘4 def0geo_master-gdc_cmnd ~ Master macro for running the entire geological model ‘¢ def _topo.gde_cmmd — macro for creating the topography model ¢ defl_fault_model ~ macro that generates the faulted intograted stratigraphic model . . . deflb_prradjust.gde_cmnd macro for adjusting the “PRR” seam SR , .TK “defi _fault_model","defsubcrop’,"defTmaskstrata_dow" SF “defi fault_model", "defTmaskstrsta_dow" MD "def _fault_model" RELMD "defl_fault_model", "def_prr_mask" PRR'SR, PRR.SF, PRRTK "defl_prradjust", "def6_prr_mask" .AS| "def2_all’, "def7maskqual” .BT def2_all", “def7maskqual” EM. " def2_all ", "def?maskqual” RD * def2_all", "def2c_dens_adjust" -DN "def2e_dens_adjust", "def7maskqual” SU, " def2_all", "def7maskqual” .AD “def2d_qualbasis" "(Ash Quality Converted to EQ42 basis) .BD ‘"def2d_qualbasis" (BTU Quality Converted to EQ2 basis) ED "def2d_qualbasis" Equilibrium Moisture Quality Converted to BQ#2 basis) SD "def2d_qualbasis" (Sulfur Quality Converted to BQ+2 basis) DOW.TP, DOW.OB “def3model_dow" (Depth of Weathering surface and Thickness of Waste Above DOW) ‘TEMP*SP dofSscamexist*” (Temporary Split Grids) MK "defSseamexist®” (Seam Exist Grid)) BASRE.TK "defB1ratios" (Cumulative Coal Thickness to the Base of the RED Seam Group) BASRE.TN def ra (Cumulative Coal Tonnage to the Base of the RED Seam Group) BASRE.SF "defB1ratios" (Cumulative Coal Floor at the Base of the RED Seam Group) BASRE.IR "def8iratios” (nplace Stripping Ratio to the Base of the RED Seam Group) BASRERR "def8iratios” (Recoverable Stripping Ratio to the Base of the RED Seam Group) INCAY.TK "def82ratios” (€ncremental Coal Thickness to the Base of the AY Seam) INCAY.TN "def82ratios” €ncremental Coal Tonnage to the Base of the AY Seam) INCAY.SF "def82ratios" (Cumulative Coal Floor at the Base of the AY Seam) INCAYIR "det®2ratios" (nplace Stripping Ratio to the Base of the AY Seam) INCAY.RR "det82ratios" (Recoverable Stripping Ratio to the Base of the AY Seam) INCYE.TK “det®2ratios" Ancremental Coal Thickness to the Base of the YE Seam) INCYE.TN def82ratios" Ancremental Coal Tonnage to the Base of the YE Seam) INCYESF "de fR2rati (Cumulative Coal Floor at the Base of the YE Seam) INCYE.IR "def82ratios" Anplace Stripping Ratio to the Base of the YE Seam) INCYERR "def82ratios” (Recoverable Stripping Ratio to the Base of the YE Seam) SPLITTING RELATIONSHIPS BR AR REUU, REU, RE REM, REU, RE PRR,RE REL, RE AY YE BL ‘ORU, ORA ‘ORM, ORA ORL, ORA PLAT Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 85“Model Compositing Step”, AY.SR and YE,SR manipulated in “deflayyeratio” “Model Compositing Step” ”, AY.SF and YE.SF manipulated in “defl ayyeratio” “Model Compositing Step”, AY.RM and YE.RM manipulated in “deflayyeratio” “Model Compositing Step”, “Composite/Burden_Grids” in “deflayyeratio” and “Composite/Burdlen_Grids” in “deflayyeratio” and “def3coalroo!” (ncremental Stripping Ratio to the Base ofthe AY Seam) {(neremental Stripping Ratio to the Base ofthe YE Seam) (eremental Stripping Ratio to the Base of the AY and YE (Cumulative ROM thickness for the Orange seam group) Stratigraphic Modelling Mine Modelling Process: SF .TK “Model Compositing Step” .RM PT “Model Compositing Step” .AS ‘Model Compositing Step” .BT. “Model Compositing Step” EM “Model Compositing Step” DN “Model Compositing Step” .SU “Model Compositing Step” MD “def3coalroof” .OB AYRR “deflayyeratio” YERR “deflayyeratio” AYYERR “doflayyeratio” Seams) BASORA.RM “def2ora_ratios” BASORA.TN “def2ora_ratios” (Cumulative coal tonnage per 13 for the Orange seam group) BASORASF — “def2ora_ratios” (Cumulative coal floor for the Orange seam group) BASORADP —“def2ora_ratios” (Depth to the floor of the Orange seam group) BASORA.IR — “def2ora_ratios” COALSR COAL SF COALRE TOPO.TP) COALGR COAL.SR) COAL.TK. ‘COALRM COAL:TN COAL.DN COAL.AD COAL.BD COALSD COAL.ED Combined) COAL.MD DZ 10, DL COAL.DZ 10) COALDL 10 COALOF COAL.TO 3) COAL.OA yd3) COAL.RF COALTR yd) COALRA yd3) “defBcoalroof” “def3coalroot” ‘“dofcoalroot" (Cumulative stripping ratio for the Orange seam group) (Roof of Combined Coal Seams) (Floor of Combined Coal Seams (Burden between the Depth of Weathering, DOW.TP, and “defBcoslroot™ (Burden between the Depth of Weathering and the Coal Roof, “deftcoalconsol” “def'icoalconso!” “def'tcoalconso!” ‘“def4coalconsol” “defSqualcons ‘“defSqualeonsol” ““defSqualconsol” “defSqualconsol” (Total Coal Thickness forall Seams Combined (Total Coal Run-of Mine Thickness forall Seams Combined) (Cumulative Seam Thickness * Cumulative Seam Density) (Weighted Coal Density) (As Delivered EQ +2 Ash for all Seams Combined) (As Delivered EQ+2 BTU for all Seams Combined) (As Delivered EO+2 Sulfur forall Seams Combined) (As Delivered £Q+2 Equivalent Moisture for all Seams “defSmidburdeonsol” (Total Midburden Thickness, DZ+SS, Total Volume=yd3) ““def6midburdeonsol” (Seam Midburden Masked with the Equation: 2 gt O.and- It Volume=yd3 Grids consist of ones and zeros) ““defSmidburdeonsot” (Seam Midburden Masked with the Equation: = ge 10, Volume=yd3 Grids consist of ones and zeros) ‘“def6midburdconsol” (Total Midburden to be Removed by Dozers, Volume = y<3, Grids = “def6midburdconsol” (Total Midburden to be Removed by Draglines, Volume = yd3, Grids = “defTdigdepth” (ORANGE Seam Group Structure Roof Grid) “‘def7digdepth” (Thickness to ORANGE Seam Group from Topography, Volume = “def?digdepth” (ORANGE Seam Group Area Existence Grid of ones or zeros, Volume = “defTdigdepth” (RED Seam Group Structure Roof Grid) “defdigdepth” (Thickness to RED Seam Group from Topography, Volume = “def?digdepth” (RED Seam Group Area Existence Grid of ones or zeros, Volume = TR (volume=yd3) / RA (volume=yl3) = Average Depth to the RED Seam Group (RATIO = TK / AREA) Copyright ©2003 Maptek Pty Ltd 86