Chuyn k thut

ti: Bo iu ch s (A3)
H v tn: Nguyn Huy Anh i PSPT An Hi
I)

Gii thiu:

Module ny nhn v x l tn hiu m thanh s song song 16 bits v pht ra mt sng

mang iu ch tn s 5,6 MHz. Sng mang c lc chuyn thnh nhng thnh
phn tn s c ch. Nhng contac tinh chnh tn s S2, S3, S4 c dng chn tn s
chnh xc (xp x 5,6 MHz) cho u ra bo iu ch s. Khi s dng chc nng iu
chnh tn s t xa (N+1), dng lnh iu khin t xa ci t tn s, th tt c cc
contac S2, S3 v S4 t v tr OPEN (hoc mc logic 1). Tn s u ra chnh xc ca
bo ny c th c thy thng tin Ngoi ra trong bo iu bin s cng c b tch
sng nh Digital, v nhng mch in kch thch cho ng h hin th iu bin
th thanh mt my.
II)

Chi tit:

Mt s khi ca bo iu bin s c trnh by hnh di. Bo iu bin s tng

hp tn hiu FM s, dng mt b to dao ng c kim sot bng s 32 bits (NCO).
NCO i hi mt u vo iu bin s (T mt trong cc Modul giao tip), mt b
iu chnh tn s t cc contac cu hnh v xung ng h h thng 20 MHz (Lp trn
bo). Vic iu chnh tn s bng tay c thc hin nh cc contac DIP trn bo. iu
khin tn s t xa cng c iu chnh bi mt ni u vo tn s t xa ty chn,
J3 trn mt sau my, c th c ni vi bo iu bin s J6, s dng cho cc h

thng cu hnh N+1. Tn hiu FM s t NCO c chuyn i thnh tn hiu tng t

bng cch dng mt b chuyn i Digital sang Analog 12 bits (DAC). u ra DAC
l mt tn hiu trung tn FM xp x 5,6 MHz. Tn s chnh xc c xc nh bi mt
tn s sng mang tht. u ra DAC c lc thng bng.
Bo iu bin s cng cha mt b d nh Digital v mt b kch truyn bng thanh
th ni tip m n c truyn ti mn hin th thanh th mt trc my (Bng
hin th cng gn cht trn bo n p).
SERIAL BARGRAPH

BARGRAPH
DIGITAL

IEEE

DRIVER

FROM

BARGRAPH
J9
OUTPUT

488

DIGITAL PEAK

COMPOSITE

DETECTOR

INPUT
J1

DATA FORMATING

32 BIT

12 BIT

5,6 MHz

& MULTIPLEXER

NCO

DAC

BPF

5,6 MHz FM
OUTPUT
J7

TIMING

GPS
OPTION

& CONTROL

EXT

INT

J6

20 MHz
CLOCK

FINE
N+1

SYNC

FREQUENCY

FREQUENCY

SWITCHES

PROM

CONFIGURATION

J2

2
SWITCH

10 MHz

to PLL Bd

a) Contac chn la xung tham chiu:

Contac chn la xung tham chiu c s dng chn hoc l xung ng h INT
(Bn trong) hoc l EXT (Bn ngoi) 20 MHz (Ly t A8). Thng thng trng thi
INT tr khi s ty chn GPS c lp t. S ty chn GPS cung cp mt tn hiu

tham chiu bn ngoi 20 MHz dng trong cc ng dng lp i lp li tn hiu. Nu

c s dng xung ng h GPS 20 MHz s c a vo J4.
b) ni u vo d liu (J1):
ni 34 chn (J1) chp nhn 16 bits (M0; M1;..M15) ca s iu bin s t (Hoc l
Modul pht m thanh ni s hoc l t Modul vo/ra tng t), ni vi cc tn hiu
xung ng h v cc tn hiu kim sot khc nhau i vi cc Modul giao tip, v
cung cp ngun in cho cc Modul giao tip (17v, 6,5v).
c) Ngun cp cho Modul giao tip (+17v; -17v, +6,5v; -6,5v):
Ngun in cung cp cho cc Modul giao tip (Cc cht 27, 29, 31 v 33). Mi in
p c th iu chnh cho ph hp vi dng in l thp hn 500mA, ngoi tr cht c
in p +6,5v c th cng cp 1 Ampe.
d) u vo iu chnh tn s t xa (J6 ty chn):
J6 l mt gic ni 16 chn c th chp nhn mt s iu chnh tn s tng thch
TTL/CMOS 12 bits (Cc chn 1 ti 12) t J3 mt sau, i vi vic iu chnh tn s
t xa ty chn (Ch dng cho hot ng vi cu hnh N + 1). Tt c cc ni J6 c
ch ra cng mt vng chung t s 1 ca s iu bin s. J6-13 cung cp ngun
+5v cho vic s dng bn ngoi. in tr R4 gii hn dng u ra. J6-14 c tip t.
Mt tn hiu ngt tn s t xa c cp vo J6-15 v J6-16 b ngt ra. Nhng thay i
trong s iu chnh c th c thc hin mt cch khng ng b v thi gian ci t
cho bt c s thay i iu chnh c th c thc hin mt cch khng ng b v
thi gian ci t cho bt c s thay i iu chnh no i hi phi t hn 400ns
trnh nhng s c qu ln tn s u ra.
e) Ngun in cho mch vo, d liu ni tip, v trng thi (J9):

Mt gic ni 26 chn c dng cung cp cho bo mt in p + 6,5v (Cc chn 7

v 9), v -6,5v (Chn 5). Cc in p khc +17v, -17v ch c cung cp cho Modul
pht m thanh ni s hoc Modul vo/ra tng t (Bt c ci no c ci t). u
vo in p +6,5v dng hai cht (Chn 7 v chn 9) bi v dng in tiu th cho u
vo ny kh ln. Mi in p yu cu khng xu hn 5% so vi in p danh nh.
f) u vo ngt tn s t xa (Lm ngng N + 1):
i vi vic bo v li kim sot tn s t xa, mt cch iu khin lm ngng RF ca
b kch thch c cung cp ti bo n p thng qua J9-12. u vo ny nhn t dy cp
iu khin tn s t xa ty chn (J6) ni bo iu bin s vi ni D25 cht J3 mt sau
my.
g) Cc cch iu chnh/ ci t :
-

Cc bc ci t chc nng (S5) :

S5 l mt contac hai cp cc c dng kim tra v iu khin lch
Contac u tin (Tt/m iu bin) tt/m s iu bin FM. Contac th hai
chn mc sai lch ti a ca b kch thch.
Mi s ci t tt/m iu bin c s dng khi tn s trung tm b kch thch
cn c o, hoc khi mc sng mang c xem xt. Mt s ci t lch
208% cung cp cho ngi s dng lch qu mc 108% (6,38dB) ; nhng
vi mt vi tht thot trong t s S/N (2,84dB) tng ng vi sai lch
100% (75kHz). Nn thit t 150%.
Ch : Cc Modul giao tip u vo thng thng c chun nh vi mc
lch ti a ti 150%. Nu mc lch sau c ci t ln ti 208%, th
mc iu bin s tng 2,84dB tr khi mc u vo gim.

Cc contac ci t tn s (S2, S3, S4):

Khi s la chn tn s t xa khng c s dng, s la chn tn s c thc
hin bng 12 contac bao gm S2, S3, S4 xem bng di. Cc contac c sp
xp teo nh dng nh phn vi LSB (V tr D ca S2) cung cp mt bc nhy
tn s l 50Hz. V tr A ca S4 l MSB. C mt tn s b c bn l 5,5MHz
c lp trnh a vo b thut ton tn s. Bng di cho thy cc trng s
tng ng ca mi contac. Tn s u ra ca bo iu bin s c th sau
c tm thy bng cch cng thm 5,5 MHz vi cc trng s tch tr ca mi
contac.
S4

N11

N10

S3

N9

N8

N7

N6

102.400 51.200 25.600 12.800 6400

S2
N5

3200

N4

N3

N2

N1

1600 800

400

200

100

N0
50

Bng trng s contac chuyn tn s ca bo iu ch s

S3
M9

M8

80/40

20

S2

M7
10

S1

M6

M5

M4

M3

M2

M1

M0

2,5

1,25

0,5

0,25 0,125

Bng trng s contac chuyn th tn s bo PLL

-

S c ng b ha GPS:

Cc ch nh s c c u ra l J1-9 c a ti bo n p. N cng lm sng

mt n led trn bo n p. iu ny ch c dng vi h thng ng b ha
GPS ty chn.
Trn bo iu ch s S2, S3 v S4 l nhng contac chn tn s. Chng c t
gia pha trn cng ca bo nh sau:
S4
N11

N10

N9

S3
N8

N7

N6

S2
N5

N4

N3

N2

N1

N0

Cc k hiu N0 - N1 c thy trn np kim loi ca bo iu ch s. Ci t

nhng contac ny to ra (t) nh phn 12 bits, hay l s, vi N0 l bit theo th
t thp v N11 l bit theo th b cao. Ci t bt k mt trong nhng contac ny
ti OPEN to ra mc 1, ng contac to ra mc 0.
Ci t ba contac ny chn tn s ra ca bo iu ch s ti mt tn s gia 5,5
MHz v 5,65 MHz. Tn s chnh xc l 5,5 MHz cng vi nhng bc nhy
tn s c iu chnh bi tt c cc contac c ci t mc 1. Trng s
ca nhng contac l:
N11: 102,400 Hz
N10: 51,200 Hz
N9: 25,600 Hz
N8: 12,800 Hz
N7 :

6400 Hz

N6 :

3200 Hz

N5 :

1600 Hz

N4 :

800 Hz

N3 :

400 Hz

N2 :

200 Hz

N1 :

100 Hz

N0 :

50 Hz

Cch chn mt tn s:
Bt k tn s no trong vi bng tn c th c chn bng cch dng phng
php thay i cc contac c m t di y:
-

Xc nh tn s chn, v d 91 MHz.

Tr 5,55 MHz vi tn s c chn.

91 55 = 85.45 MHz

Chn tn s cao nht c th c bn di kt qu ny bng vic ci t nhng

contac trn bo PLL:
Tn s c bn

40 MHz

M9

m (Logic 1)

40 MHz

M6

m (Logic 1)

5 MHz

M1

m (Logic 1)

0,25 MHz

M0

m (Logic 1)

0,125 MHz

Kt qu
-

85,375 MHz

85,375 MHz s l s chn la ca chng ta i vi tn s dao ng ni. cho

hot ng trn tn s c, tr tn s dao ng ni ny vi tn s c chn :
91 85,375 = 5,625 MHz

b Exciter hot ng tn s 91 MHz chng ta phi chn kt hp cc

contac bo iu ch, to ra tn s 5,625 MHz trn bo iu ch s. iu ny
s c thc hin nh sau :
Tn s c bn
N11

m (Logic 1)

102.400 Hz

N8

m (Logic 1)

12.800 Hz

N7

m (Logic 1)

6.400 Hz

N6

m (Logic 1)

3.200 Hz

N2

m (Logic 1)

200 Hz

Cng
III)
-

5.500. 000 Hz

5.625.000 Hz

Tc dng linh kin

Cng tc S1 dng la chn xung tham chiu c s dng chn hoc l

xung ng h INT (Bn trong) hoc l EXT (Bn ngoi) 20 MHz (Ly t A8).
Thng thng trng thi INT tr khi s ty chn GPS c lp t. S ty
chn GPS cung cp mt tn hiu tham chiu bn ngoi 20 MHz dng trong
cc ng dng lp i lp li tn hiu. Nu c s dng xung ng h GPS 20
MHz s c a vo J4 ni J2 bo A8.

U1 (356CC) dng to xung tham chiu INT (bn trong) tn s 20 MHz

Cng tc S2, S3, S4 dng la chn tn s

U14 (16 bit Cmos Multilevel Pipeline Register) nhn tn hiu vo D0 D15 t
bo giao din tn hiu s (A5) v a ra tn hiu s 16 bit a vo U5 (16x16
Parallel Cmos Multiplier Accumulator) sau ghp knh 2 tn hiu ny li

a ra tn hiu LSP tn hiu s c trng s thp 16 bit cp cho vi mch cht

U6, U11 (74AC574)
-

U3, U4 (CY7C235J 1Kx8 Registered Prom) ghi d liu v a ra 16 bit tn

hiu s

U19 (Tch sng nh), U17 (Ghi chng trnh kch), U17 (Kch hin th) =>
a ra hin th iu ch bng cc led trong bo n p (A2)

U6, U11, U15 vi mch cht dng cht d liu v a tn hiu ra cp cho
U16

U8 ghi d liu t chuyn mch S2, S3, S4 a ti v cp tn hiu s 8 bit cho

U16

U16 nhim v kt ni cc phn t logic a ra 16 bit tn hiu s

U10 - Dao ng c kim sot bng s nhn tn hiu 16 bit t U16 sau
thc hin iu ch s v a ra tn hiu c iu ch s

U13, U9 vi mch cht a d liu 16 bit cp cho U12

U12 lm nhim v bin i s sang tng t 12bit

Bin p T1 l bin p iu ch nhn tn hiu trung tn c iu ch v a

ra tn hiu y mt phn a qua J8 kim tra tn hiu, mt phn a qua
J7 cp cho bo nhn tn

IV)
-

Kt ni s

D6 D15 (U19) t s 4 bo A5 (v tr 4/A5) ni vi M0 M9 (U19 bo A3)

thng qua gic J1 t s 2 bo A3 (K hiu D v tr 2/D8) => a tn hiu vo
tch sng nh nhm a ra hin th mc iu ch

D0 D15 (U19) t s 4 bo A5 (v tr 4/A5) ni vi cc chn I/O (U14 bo

A3) thng qua gic J1 t s 2 bo A3 (K hiu D v tr 2/D8) => cp d liu 16
bit cho U14

Cc contac la chn tn s S1 S4 t s 1 bo A3 (K hiu N v tr 1/A2) ni

vi A1 A12 (U8) t s 3 bo A3 (K hiu N v tr 3/A5) => nhm gii m
tn hiu

Xung SYCLK t s 1 bo A3 (V tr 1/D1) ni vi chn CLK (U12) t s 4

bo A3 (K hiu SYCLK v tr 4/D8) => cp xung clock cht d liu cho
U12

Xung CCLK t s 1 bo A3 (V tr 1/C1) ni vi chn CLK (U16) t s 3 bo

A3 (K hiu CCLK v tr 3/D6) => cp xung clock cht d liu cho U16

Xung CCLK t s 1 bo A3 (V tr 1/C1) ni vi chn CLK (U10) t s 4 bo

A3 (K hiu CCLK v tr 4/C8) => cp xung clock cht d liu cho U10

Xung ACLK t s 1 bo A3 (V tr 1/C1) ni vi chn CLKA (U5) t s 2

bo A3 (K hiu ACLK v tr 2/A8) => cp xung clock cht d liu cho U5

Xung BCLK t s 1 bo A3 (V tr 1/C1) ni vi chn CLKB (U5) t s 2

bo A3 (K hiu BCLK v tr 2/A8) => cp xung clock cht d liu cho U5

Gic J4 t s 1 bo A3 (v tr 1/D7) ni vi gic J2 t s 1 bo A8 (v tr 1/C1)

Cc chn R17 R29 (U5) t s 2 bo A3 (K hiu P v tr 2/B8) ni vi cc

chn 1D 7D (U6, U11) t s 3 bo A3 (K hiu P v tr 3/D6) => a ra tn
hiu LSP - cc bt tn hiu s c trng s thp 16 bit.

Cc chn B0 B15 (U5) t s 2 bo A3 (K hiu Y v tr 2/D8) ni vi cc

chn 1D 7D (U6, U11) t s 3 bo A3 (K hiu P v tr 3/D6) ni vi cc

chn 1D 4D (U15) v chn 8D (U11) t s 3 bo A3 => a tn hiu s cp

cho cc IC cht
-

Cc chn 2, 4, 8, 6, 12, 14, 18, 16 (U17) ni vi J9 13 J9 20 t s 1 bo

A3 (V tr 1/B2) ri a qua J4 13 J4 20 t s 1 bo A2 (V tr 1/D8) =>
J9 13 J9 18 => U50 (A2) => U9 (A2) => a ra hin th mc iu ch
trn mt my; J9 19 J9 20 => chn 14, 15 U50 (A2) => chn D5 U24
(A2) => Hin th n mu vng biu th mc iu ch 10%

Chn A10 (U18) t s 2 bo A3 ni vi gic J1 23 (V tr 2/B1) ni tip qua

chn D3 (U27) t s 4 bo A5 (K hiu MAX DEV v tr 4/C8) => iu
chnh lch ti a cho b kch thch

Chn 17 NO_PGM (U19) t s 2 bo A3 ni vi gic J9 11 (K hiu NO

PROGRAM v tr 2/A1) ri ni vi J4 11 t s 1 bo A2 ( V tr 1/B4 chn
D7 (U24)) => NOPGM l mt u ra PLL tng thch ch ra rng khng c tn
hiu vo s a ti b kch thch khi mc cao. iu ny xy ra vi cc thng
tin t xa v c th c dng nh mt b kim sot i vi vic d tm x l
s c ca h thng. Nu b kch khng c tn hiu vo iu bin s (i vi bo
iu bin s) t nht l 4,2 giy th sau u ra t xa ny c kch hot ti
mc cao. Tn hiu s quay tr li mc thp (0v) ngay khi d tm li c mt
ngun vo s.

Chn 50 (TCK), 47 (TDI), 85 (TDO), 49 (TMS) ca U14 t s 2 ca bo A3

(v tr 2/D7) ni vi gic J3 - 1 J3 6 t s 2 bo A3 (v tr 2/A1) ri ni vi
chn M0 M6 (v tr 1/D8) bo PLL => a xung iu khin t cc cng tc
S1, S2, S3 trn bo PLL ti cp cho U14

Chn A6 A9 (U3) t s 2 bo A3 ni vi gic J9 22 J9 24 (v tr 2/D1)

ri ni vi gic J4 22 J4-24 qua gic J6 12 J6 14 ( ni vi chn DQ0
DQ2 (U7) ) t s 1 bo PLL (v tr 1/C5) => nhn tn hiu chuyn mch
M0 M9 t bo PLL thng qua A2

Chn 44 (BEN) U16 t s 3 bo A3 (K hiu BEN v tr 3/D6) ni vi chn 10

(U2) t s 1 bo A3 (K hiu BEN v tr 1/C1) => cho php iu khin xung
kch

Chn Y0 Y15 (U16) t s 3 bo A3 (K hiu W v tr 3/D4) ni vi chn

C0 C15 (U10) t s 4 bo A3 (K hiu W v tr 4/D7) => cp tn hiu s 16
bit cho b dao ng kim sot bng s

Chn 65 (A0), 59 (CONV), 68 (SYNC) (U16) t s 3 bo A3 ni vi J1 21,

J1 22, J1 24 ( K hiu A0, CONV, SYNC v tr 3/A7) ri ni qua J1 21
xung t; qua chn 13 (IN13) U 19; qua chn 32, 51 (U17) bo A5 => ng b
chuyn i nhn A5 u vo

Gic J2 t s 3 bo A3 (v tr 3/A1) ni vi gic J9 t s 1 bo PLL (v tr

1/B7) => cp tn hiu chun 10MHz cho mch vng kha pha bo PLL

Chn A0 A5 (U16) t s 3 bo A3 (K hiu A v tr 3/B2) ni vi A0 A5

(U3, U4) bo A3 => hi tip v thuc chuyn mch N

Chn A2 (U16) (K hiu A2 v tr 3/B2) ni vi A0 (U10) t s 4 bo A3 (K

hiu A2 v tr 4/C8) => Chn a ch la chn im n ca C (15: 0) d
liu. A0 l LSB

Chn WR, CFEN, DS1 (U16) t s 3 bo A3 (K hiu WR, CFEN, DS1 v tr

3/B2, 3/B2, 3/C2) ni vi chn WR, ENCFREG, A1 (U10) t s 4 bo A3 (

K hiu WR, CFEN, DS1 v tr 4/C8) => chn CFEN cho php kha d liu
vo thanh ghi tn s trung tm (hot ng mc thp), chn WR cho php ghi
d liu (hot ng mc thp), chn a ch la chn im n ca C (15:
0) d liu. A0 l LSB
-

Chn DCLK (U16) t s 3 bo A3 (K hiu DCLK v tr 3/C2) ni vi chn

CLK (U19), chn 24 (U14) t s 2 bo A3 (K hiu DCLK v tr 2/A8) => cp
xung kch cho U19, U14

Gic J7 t s 4 bo A3 (V tr 4/A1) ni vi J6 t s 1 bo A4 (v tr 1/C8) =>

Tn hiu ra FM l mt u ra 50 dng mt ni SMB. Mc ra l +2dBm
(0,5dB) a ti u vo ca b chuyn i tn s trn 5MHz. Theo hot ng
thng thng u ra l mt tn hiu FM vi di tn s trung tm nm gia
5,55MHz ti 5,65MHz.

Gic J8 t s 4 bo A3 (v tr 4/C1) => u ra kim tra DAC 50 cho php

s qut b lc ra cui cng. N dng ni SMB v c th c ni vi ngun
tn s (Vi bo ra ca b kch thch) sao cho cc s o p tuyn tn s ca
b lc u ra c th c thc hin u ra FM (J7)