1.

1
1. (mainframe computers), (minicomputers)
(personal computers).
, ,
.
2.
(microprocessors), , , .
.
3. ,
( )
.

ECDL 4.0 3500+

4. (integrated circuit)
, ,
.
5.
.
6. (mainframe) Cray. 6 2000 .
, , ..
7. " " ,
1997 2472/97. .
8. on line .
9. Information Technology.

, ,
, .
10. .
11. :

CD-ROM DVD-ROM

( ,
, ..) CD DVD,

,

, ,
.

 1:

12. (hardware)
,
.

.
13. .
14. .
15. (mainframe) . , , , , , ..
16. ,
.

.
17.

RAM. ,
.
18.
, .
19.

RAM,
, , .
20.
.

ECDL 4.0 3500+

(server).
21. (personal computers) 1970 , .
.
22. ,
. laptop .
23. PC
(Personal Computers), IBM
Macintosh Apple. Macintosh
IBM,
.
24.
, ,
, , (smart cards).
25. , , ,
(multimedia).
26.

. MIPS ( ). ,
.
27. multimedia.

 1:

28. (data),
. ,
(information).
29. , ,
, . .
30. , IBM, , .
31.
, , , , , , , .
32.

.
.
33.
(desktop), (laptop) (notebooks) .
34. O Apple Macintosh.
35.
.
36. S/400 IBM.
(minicomputers)
,
.
37. ,

ECDL 4.0 3500+

, .
38. data information.
39.
. ,
, .
40. :

, ,

, -

,

, -

,

,
,

,

,

 1:

41.
.
42. :
,
mainframe computer

.
,

,
ini computer

(server).

, personal
computer

,
multimedia PC

, CD, ,
.

RAM
, .

ECDL 4.0 3500+

43.
.
1.

""

2.

3.

4.

44.
.
1.

Windows XP

2.

Excel

3.

4.

5.

6.

CorelDRAW

 1:

1.2
1. MB 1024 KB, 1000 KB.
2. TB (Terabyte), GB
(Gigabyte), MB (Megabyte).
3. RAM 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB.
4. ,
: (1)
(0), (1) (0) . , .
5. TB 1.099.511.627.776 (240) KB, ,
1 byte.
6. (binary digit) bit

. , bit .
7. " " 32 byte
.
8.
bit, byte KB.
9. KB 1024 byte, byte.
10. GB 1024 MB, KB.
11. 40 GB,
1,44 , CD-ROM 650 .
12. 1.048.576 byte,
byte.
13. DVD 4,7 17 GB.

10

ECDL 4.0 3500+

14. G 1.073.741.824 byte, byte.

15. bit .
16. 60 GB 95
CD-ROM.
17. HD 500 .
18. CD-ROM 450 (HD).
19.
KiloByte.
20.
GigaByte.
21. MegaByte.
22. RAM MegaByte.
23. ,
, :
. Kbit
. KB
. MB
. GB
. TB
24. byte:
1)

TB

1.000.000.000.000 byte

2)

GB

1.000.000.000 byte

3)

MB

1.000.000 byte

4)

KB

1.000 byte

 1:

11

1.3

1. :

.

-

, (Central
Processing Unit CPU).

RAM.

-

, ,
.

-

.
2. ,
,
.
3. , , .
4. (CPU).
5.
RAM
( , ,
).
6. ,
, ,
.
7. ,
, ZIP.

12

ECDL 4.0 3500+

8. , , .
9. , , .
10.
( )
.
11. , ,
( scanner). , CPU. RAM . , ( ). ,
, ( ).
12.
RAM.
13. , , .
14.
, .
15. ,
RAM .
16.
(2 ) (1 ):

CD-R

 1:

13

17. :
1

14

ECDL 4.0 3500+

1.4
1. .
2. :
. ,
.
8 (bits) , .
3. (click), (double click), (right click) & (drag and drop).
4. .

, ,
. ,
.
.
5. (light pen)
.
, .
, . , ,
.
6. 104 105 .
7.

8. .
.

 1:

15

dpi (dots per inch ) ,

. .
9. (joystick)
,
. .
.
10. () .
11. (status lights)

, Num Lock, Caps Lock, Scroll Lock.
12. ,
.
13. , , .
14.
, . - .
15. , , .
.
, ( ). , .
.
16. ,
(GUI).

16

ECDL 4.0 3500+

17. (Drag and Drop),

.
.
,
,
, .
18. .
,
.
19. (trackball) ,
. ,
, , ,
.
. .
,
( ).
20. (scanner) , , .
21. .
.
. ,
, .
22. OCR (Optical Character Recognition
) ""
. , , , .

 1:

17

23. (touch pad) , ,

.
24.
.
25. dpi (dots per inch
)
.
26. : .
27. & (drag and
drop).
28. , , .
29.
:

,
().
, .

. ,
.

,
.

18

ECDL 4.0 3500+

,
, .

,
.

 1:

19

1.5
1.

.
2. , , .
3. (video board) (video adapter).
4. (monitor) (VDU Visual
Display Unit).
.
,
.
5. .
6. 9 , , 24
,
.
7. , , .
8.
(ppm pages per minute).
9.
, ,
, , (refresh rate).
10. . , .
11. : .

20

ECDL 4.0 3500+

.
, , , . ,
, .
12. , , ,
( ). ,
, .
, .
13. Watt.
14. (resolution) .
().
15. 15 17 .
16.
.
17. RAM .
18. : 256 ( 8 bit), 65.536 ( 16
bit), 16.777.216 (16,7 24 bit ).
19. hertz,
() .
20. , ,
( ) .

 1:

21

21. (graphics adapter) .

,
, .
22. 800 600,
600 .
23. dpi (dots per inch) .
24. (characters
per second cps).
25. CRT TFT. CRT ,
TFT
, ' .
26.
, , .
27. 100 hertz.
28. VGA Video Graphics Array . .
29. , , ,
.
30.
.
31. , ,
( ),
.

22

ECDL 4.0 3500+

32. (VDU Visual Display Unit)

.
33. .
, .
34. , 6 8 .
.
35. , , (cyan), (yellow), (magenta). , . ,
. ,

,
, .
36. 2,54
37. (resolution)
, (dots
per inch dpi).
38. (dot matrix) .
.
.
.
. ,
, .
39.
(characters per second cps), -

 1:

23

, (pages per minute ppm).

40. 640 480, 800 600, 1024
768 1280 1024.
41. . .
42. , , , , , .
43. VDU Visual Display Unit,
.
44. 800 600,
800 .
45.

, .
46. , , .
47. laser, inkjet .
48.
:

, , .

, ,
.

24

ECDL 4.0 3500+

49. (2 ) (1 ):
1.

. ppm

2.

cps

3.

dpi

4.

120 hertz

5.

800 x 600

6.

17

 1:

25

1.6 T
1.
, , .
2. Watt.
3. , , ,
.
4.
( ).
5. , (desktop)
(tower).
6. , , . ,
desktop unit.
7.
. ,
(AC) (DC) (220 volt)
(12, 5, 3,3 volt).
8. (tower).
9. :

(mini tower),

, .

(midi tower),

.

(full tower),

,
(servers) .
10. , (motherboard),
, .
, ,
.

26

ECDL 4.0 3500+

11. (Central Processing Unit CPU) , ,

. ,
, .
12.
Intel, Pentium , Pentium I Xeon, Pentium IV.
13.
(Megahertz, MHz), .
14. , .
15. (port) ()
, , .
16. (expansion cards),
,
.
17. RAM
, .
18. (monitor port),
(parallel port), (serial port), (game
port), (keyboard port), (mouse port),
USB.
19. , , , , .
tower.
20. 3,2
GHz.
21. , ,
CD-ROM, .
22. PS/2
. 9 ,

 1:

27

. PS/2
PS/2 .
23. , full tower.
24. .
25.
, .
26. CPU Central Processing Unit ( ).
27. , , (bit),

.
28. IBM Intel.
29.
,
.
30. (2 ) (1 ).
1.

220 Volt

2. CPU

2600 MHz

3.

300 Watt

4.

5 Volt

31. ,
, .
, .

28

ECDL 4.0 3500+

32. (CPU cache)

.
33. . ,
,
. , , ,

.

 1:

29

1.7
1. RAM Random Access Memory
.
2. RAM
256 MB.
3. ,
, , .
4. , ,
.
5. 40 100 GB.
6. (disk drive) .
7. A:
B:.
8. RAM .
9. ( format)
.
10. CD-ROM 650 .
11. ROM Read Only Memory .
12. , ()
.
13. H ROM
, , BIOS.
14. O
.

30

ECDL 4.0 3500+

15. DVD (Digital Video Disk ) CD-ROM,

4,7 Gyte 17 Gyte. DVD
.
16. , ROM .
17.
.
18. , , () , RAM, ,
.
19. CD-ROM ,
CD-ROM.
20. RAM
MegaByte ().
21.
5.000 10.000 . . ()
.
22. CD-ROM CD
.
23. ,
(High Density HD) 1,44 .
24. BIOS
.
, .

 1:

31

25. RAM (CPU)

.
26. RAM , . , ROM ,
.
27.
.
28. ,
RAM .
29.
. ,
,
.
30. C: E:.
31. CD-ROM Compact Disc Read
Only Memory.
32. (sector)
.
33. CD-ROM 52,
CD-ROM 52
CD.
34. BIOS ROM,
.
35. ROM (Read Only
Memory) .
36. CD-ROM CD-R
CD-RW.
37. RAM , RAM .
38. CD CD-R (Recordable).

32

ECDL 4.0 3500+

39. (2
) (1 ):

RAM

M ROM

CD-ROM

40. : Zip, , .
41. (cache memory)
RAM.
RAM ,
.

 1:

33

1.8
1. Microsoft Excel Lotus
123.
2. .
3. Windows 3
4 .
4.
,
,
,
. ,

.
5.
. ,
.
6. CBT Computer Based Training
.
7. O freeware
. , , Internet CD-ROM
.
8. .
. , , , . , , .
9. DOS .

34

ECDL 4.0 3500+

10. .PP Microsoft PowerPoint.

11. .
12.
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel.
13.
, ,
.
14. GUI Graphical User Interface .
15.
,
.
16.
,
, , . , , ,
-. , , .
17. DOS
8 .
18.
Microsoft Windows, .
19. Microsoft
Word Corel WordPerfect.

 1:

35

20. (files) , . , .
.
21. ( , , ..), ,
.
22.
, .
23. shareware

. 30 .
24. DOS 3 .
25. Windows XP, Linux, Unix.
26. .XLS Microsoft
Excel.
27. T MS-DOS.
28.
.
.
29. DOS Windows
, , .
, , . ,
Windows .

36

ECDL 4.0 3500+

30. (.. ,
, ..) , .
31. .DOC Microsoft Word WordPad.
32. Copyright (, , , ..)
.
33. (GUI) (.. ) .
34. Microsoft Access FileMaker Pro.
35. Windows 256
.
36. .BMP , , Microsoft
Paint.
37.

( Outlook Express) ( Microsoft
Word Corel WordPerfect).
38. shareware freeware
Internet CD-ROM .
39.
:
. ,
.

 1:

37

. ,
. ,
.
. (compilation)
40. Microsoft PowerPoint Lotus Freelance Graphics.
41. (folder)
.

.
42. . , (Notepad).
43. .
44. (, , , ..), ,

. ,
, , ..
45. (2 ) (1 ):

Windows XP

Microsoft Word

Lotus 123

Windows 2000

Microsoft PowerPoint

File Maker Pro

38

ECDL 4.0 3500+

46. :
4

10

(flow chart)

(compilation)

47.
,
.
48. :
.
. .
. ,
.

 1:

39

1.9 Internet
1. (Local Area Network LAN) . o . , , , .
2. Internet
(Integrated Services
Digital Network ISDN) (Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN).
3. - : .
4. 56 kbit/s
ISDN 64 kbit/s.
5. (server) ,
- .
6. (Information Superhighway)
Internet .
7. bit (bits
per second bps).
8. Internet
, ISDN
.
9. FTP (
)
FTP. - FTP
-

40

ECDL 4.0 3500+

(download) FTP (upload).

10. WWW World Wide Web .
11. - . -

.
12.

,
.
, , , , . , . ,
.
13. ( )
Internet
.
14.

.
15. Internet (e-mail), (WWW), FTP, Internet (IRC
Internet Relay Chat) ( newsgroups).
16. , -

 1:

41

, , , , ,
, . ,


. ,
, ,
.
17.
. (Wide Area Networks WAN) , ,
.
18. , , .
19. .
20. (File Transfer Protocol FTP),
, Internet.
21.
,
, , , .
, .
22. , .
23. , .
24. RAM. ,
, .

42

ECDL 4.0 3500+

25. LAN Local Area Network .

26. ISDN Integrated Services Digital
Network .
27. .
28. Internet :

.

ISDN ISDN.

ISDN.

Internet (ISP Internet Ser-

vice Provider), Forthnet, Otenet, Hol, .

,

.

, ..

(Web browser) .
29. IRC
, .
30. T WAN Wide Area Network .
31. -
-
,
,
.
32.
Internet, , .
33. Internet.

 1:

43

34.

.
35. Internet 1969 .
36. ,
.
37.
.

.
38. , @
("" "at" ), (domain name)
,

.
39. , , , , .
40. () .
41. - FTP (download)
FTP (upload).
42. (e-mail),
,
.
43. Internet
(e-commerce).

44

ECDL 4.0 3500+

44. ,
(),
, .
, ,
.
45. IRC Internet (Internet Relay Chat),
Internet, , . ,
, , , .
46. Internet.
- , , Internet
.
47.
Internet .
48. : AltaVista, Yahoo, Infoseek,
MSN Search.
49. (World Wide Web WWW) ,

Internet, , , , .
50. ,
, ,

. , ,
.
51. (Web browsers) Internet
Explorer Netscape Navigator.

 1:

45

52.
.
53. , ,
.
54. (1
) (2 ):
Modem

PSTN

ISDN

PSDN

55. . , .
56.

.
57. 1 (1,544 Megabits ).
58. ADSL

.
59. WAP Internet
, , .
60. UMTS
, , ,

46

ECDL 4.0 3500+

, ,
..
61. Internet (intranet)

, ,
Internet .
62. H (intranet) (extranet) .
63. e-learning ( ) , , , , , .
64. .
,
.
65.
, , , .

 1:

47

1.10
1. RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury), .
2. ,
, , , .
3. .
4. ,
, , ,
.
5. , , , . ,


.
6.
(, , ..).
.
7.
,
.
8.
, , ,
, , , , .
9. ,
, -

48

ECDL 4.0 3500+

.
, ,

. ,
,
. ,
, , .
, .
10.
.
11.
15 .
12.
, .
,
, ,
. , , .
13.
, , , , , ,
, .
14. , ,

.
15. .
, , ,

.
.

 1:

49

16. RSI Repetitive Strain Injury.

17.
.
18. . , .
, . ,
.
19. O /
, , ,
.
20.
, , , , ..
21. ,
. ,
.
22.

. , , ,
.
23. .
,
. .
24. , .

50

ECDL 4.0 3500+

.
,
. . , . , . , , .
25. . , .
26. :
. .
. .
. .

 1:

51

1.11
1. "", , , ,
, , ,
. ,
.
2. ,

.
,
, Internet , CD-ROM.
3. (antivirus),
() .
antivirus ,
. ,
"" . RAM , . , .
4. ,
Internet, ,
, . , , CD-ROM,

52

ECDL 4.0 3500+

.
5. (virus) , ,
,
.
6.
Norton Antivirus, Dr. Solomon, Virus Scan,
F-Secure, F-prot, McAfee, TBAV.
7. ,
,
. , ,

, , Internet.
8. , CD-ROM .
9. ,
, , .
10. ,
.
11. ,
.
12. , backup.
13. , ,
.
14.
.
15.

(password) .

 1:

53

16.
. ,
.
17. UPS :

,

.

-

, .

,

.
18. ( , firewall)

Internet.
.
. , ,
Internet.
19.
,
.
20. ,
,

.