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CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V VI IU KHIN 89C51

1.1 Gii thiu chung
MCS-51 l h vi iu khin ca hng Intel. Vi mch tng qut ca h MCS-51 l
chip 8051. Chip 8051 c mt s c trng c bn sau:
B nh chng trnh bn trong: 4KB (ROM).
B nh d liu bn trong: 128 byte (RAM).
B nh chng trnh bn ngoi: 64KB (ROM).
B nh d liu ngoi: 64KB (RAM).
4 port xut nhp (I/O port) 8 bit.
2 b nh thi 16 bit.
Mch giao tip ni tip.
B x l bit (thao tc trn cc bit ring r).
210 v tr nh c nh a ch, mi v tr 1 bit.
Nhn/ chia trong 4s.
1.2 S chn chip 8051

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CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V CHUN GIAO TIP RS232

2.1 t Vn
Vn giao tip gia PC v vi iu khin rt quan trng trong cc ng dng iu
khin, o lng... Ghp ni qua cng ni tip RS232 l mt trong nhng k thut c
s dng rng ri ghp ni cc thit b ngoi vi vi my tnh. y l mt chun giao
tip ni tip dng nh dng khng ng b, kt ni nhiu nht l 2 thit b , chiu di kt
ni ln nht cho php m bo d liu l 12.5 n 25.4m, tc 20 Kbit/s i khi l
tc 115 Kbit/s vi mt s thit b c bit.
ngha ca chun truyn thng ni tip ngha l trong mt thi im ch c mt
bit c gi i dc theo ng truyn. C hai phin bn RS232 c lu hnh trong thi
gian tng i di l RS232B v RS232C. Nhng cho n nay th phin bn RS232B c
th t c dng cn RS232C hin vn c dng v tn ti thng c gi l tn ngn
gn l chun RS232 Cc my tnh thng c 1 hoc 2 cng ni tip theo chun RS232C
c gi l cng COM. Trn Main my tnh c loi 9 chn hoc loi 25 chn ty vo i
my v Main ca my tnh. Vic thit k giao tip vi cng RS232 cng tng i d
dng, c bit khi chn ch hot ng l khng ng b v tc truyn d liu thp.
2.2 c im ca chun RS232
u im ca giao din ni tip RS232:

Kh nng chng nhiu ca cc cng ni tip cao.

Thit b ngoi vi c th tho lp ngay c khi my tnh ang c cp in.
C th ghp ni vi vi iu khin hay PLC (Programmable Logic Device).
Cc mch in n gin c th nhn c in p ngun nui qua cng ni
tip.
2.2.1 Nhng c im cn lu trong chun RS232.
Cng COM khng phi l mt h thng bus n cho php d dng to ra
lin kt di hnh thc im vi im gia hai my cn trao i thng tin
vi nhau, mt thnh vin th ba khng th tham gia vo cuc trao i
thng tin ny.
Trong chun RS232 c mc gii hn trn v di (logic 0 v 1) l
12V. Hin nay ang c c nh tr khng ti trong phm vi t 3 K
n 7 K.
Mc logic 1 c in p nm trong khong -3V n -12V, mc logic 0 t
3V n 12V.
Tc truyn nhn d liu cc i l 100 Kbps.
Cc li vo phi c in dung nh hn 2500 pF.
Tr khng ti phi ln hn 3 K nhng phi nh hn 7 K.
di ca cp ni gia my tnh v thit b ngoi vi ghp ni qua cng
ni tip RS232 khng vt qua 15m.
ngn cn s dao ng qu mc, tc thay i (Slew rate ) ca in
p khng c vt qa 30V/s.

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i vi cc ng iu khin, thi gian chuyn ca tn hiu (t TRUE

sang FALSE, hoc t FALSE sang TRUE ) khng c vt qa
1ms.i vi cc ng d liu, thi gian chuyn (t 1 sang 0 hoc t 0
sang 1) phi khng vt qu 4% thi gian ca 1 bit hoc 1ms.
Cc gi tr tc truyn d liu chun : 50, 75, 110, 750, 300, 600, 1200,
2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 28800, 38400,...,56600, 115200 bps.
2.2.2 Cc mc in p trn ng truyn.
RS 232 s dng phng thc truyn thng khng i xng, tc l s dng tn hiu
in p chnh lch gia mt dy dn v t. Ngoi mc in p tiu chun ( logic 0 v 1)
cng c nh cc gi tr tr khng ti c u vo bus ca b phn v cc tr khng ra
ca b pht.
Mc in p ca tiu chun RS232C ( chun thng dng by gi) c m t
nh sau:
Mc logic 0 : +3V , +12V
Mc logic 1 : -12V, -3V
Cc mc in p trong phm vi t -3V n 3V l trng thi chuyn tuyn. Chnh
v t -3V ti 3V l phm vi khng c nh ngha, trong trng hp thay i gi tr
logic t thp ln cao hoc t cao xung thp, mt tn hiu phi vt qua qung qu
trong mt th gian ngn hp l. iu ny dn n vic phi hn ch v in dung ca
cc thit b tham gia v ca c ng truyn. Tc truyn dn ti a ph thuc vo
chiu di ca dy dn. a s cc h thng hin nay ch h tr vi tc 19,2 Kbps .
2.2.3 Cng RS232 trn PC
Hu ht cc my tnh c nhn hin nay u c trang b t nht l 1 cng COM
hay cng ni tip RS232. S lng cng COM c th ln ti 3 hay nhiu hn ty tng
loi main my tnh. Khi cc cng COM c nh du l COM 1, COM 2, COM
3...Trn c 2 loi u ni c s dng cho cng ni tip RS232 loi 9 chn (DB9)
hoc 25 chn (DB25). Tuy hai loi u ni ny c cng song song nhng hai loi u ni
ny c phn bit bi cng c (DB9) v cng ci (DB25).
a ch c bn ca cng ni tip ca my tnh PC c th tm tt trong bng
cc a ch sau:
COM 1 (cng ni tip th nht) a ch c bn = 3F8(Hex)
COM 2 (cng ni tip th hai) a ch c bn = 2F8(Hex)
COM 3 (cng ni tip th ba) a ch c bn = 3E8(Hex)
COM 4 (cng ni tip th t) a ch c bn = 2E8(Hex)

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Ta xt s chn cng COM 9 chn:

Chc nng ca cc chn nh sau:

Chn 1 : Data Carrier Detect (DCD) : Pht tn hiu mang d liu.
Chn 2: Receive Data (RxD) : Nhn d liu.
Chn 3 : Transmit Data (TxD) : Truyn d liu.
Chn 4 : Data Termial Ready (DTR) : u cui d liu sn sng c kch
hot bi b phn khi mun truyn d liu.
Chn 5 : Singal Ground ( SG) : Mass ca tn hiu.
Chn 6 : Data Set Ready (DSR) : D liu sn sng, c kch hot bi b
truyn khi n sn sng nhn d liu.
Chn 7 : Request to Send : yu cu gi,b truyn t ng ny ln mc hot
ng khi sn sng truyn d liu.
Chn 8 : Clear To Send (CTS) : Xa gi ,b nhn t ng ny ln mc
kch hot ng thng bo cho b truyn l n sn sng nhn tn hiu.
Chn 9 : Ring Indicate (RI) : Bo chung cho bit l b nhn ang nhn tn
hiu rung chung.
2.2.4 Qu trnh truyn nhn d liu.
Qua chn cm ra TXD my tnh gi d liu ca n n KIT Vi iu khin. Trong
khi cc d liu m my tnh nhn c, li c dn n chn RXD Cc tn hiu cn
li c chc nng h tr thit lp v iu khin qu trnh truyn, c gi l cc tn
hiu bt tay (handshake).u im ca qu trnh truyn dng tn hiu bt tay l c th
kim sot ng truyn. v v th khng phi trong mi trng hp ng dng u dng
ht.
Truyn d liu qua cng ni tip RS232 c thc hin khng ng b. Do vy
nn ti mt thi im ch c mt bit c truyn (1 k t). B truyn gi mt bit bt u
(bit start) thng bo cho b nhn bit mt k t s c gi n trong ln truyn bit
tip theo . Bit ny lun bt u bng mc 0.. Tip theo l cc bit d liu (bits data)
c gi di dng m ASCII( c th l 5,6,7 hay 8 bit d liu) Sau l mt Parity bit (
Kim tra bit chn, l hay khng) v cui cng l bit dng - bit stop c th l 1, 1,5 hay 2
bit dng.

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nh dng ca khung truyn d liu theo chun RS-232 nh sau:

Khi khng truyn d liu, ng truyn s trng thi mark (in p -10V). Khi
bt u truyn, DTE s a ra xung Start (space: 10V) v sau ln lt truyn t D0
n D7 v Parity, cui cng l xung Stop (mark: -10V) khi phc trng thi ng
truyn.
g) Truyn thng gia hai nt.
Cc s khi kt ni dng cng ni tip:

Khi thc hin kt ni nh trn, qu trnh truyn phi bo m tc u pht v

thu ging nhau. Khi c d liu n DTE, d liu ny s c a vo b m v to ngt.
2.2.5 Tc Baud
y l mt tham s c trng ca RS232. Tham s ny chnh l c trng cho qu
trnh truyn d liu qua cng ni tip RS232 l tc truyn nhn d liu hay cn gi l
tc bit. Tc bit c nh ngha l s bit truyn c trong thi gian 1 giy hay s
bit truyn c trong thi gian 1 giy. Tc bit ny phi c thit lp bn pht v
bn nhn u phi c tc nh nhau ( Tc gia vi iu khin v my tnh phi chung
nhau 1 tc truyn bit).
Ngoi tc bit cn mt tham s m t tc truyn l tc Baud. Tc
Baud lin quan n tc m phn t m ha d liu c s dng din t bit c
truyn cn tc bit th phn nh tc thc t m cc bit c truyn.V mt phn t
bo hiu s m ha mt bit nn khi hai tc bit v tc baud l phi ng nht.
Mt s tc Baud thng dng: 50, 75, 110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800,
9600, 19200, 28800, 38400, 56000, 115200 Trong thit b thng dng tc l
19200.
Khi s dng chun ni tip RS232 th yu cu khi s dng chun l thi gian
chuyn mc logic khng vt qu 4% thi gian truyn 1 bit. Do vy, nu tc bit cng
cao th thi gian truyn 1 bit cng nh th thi gian chuyn mc logic cng phi nh.
iu ny lm gii hn tc Baud v khong cch truyn.
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2.2.6 Bit chn l hay Parity bit

y l bit kim tra li trn ng truyn. Thc cht ca qu trnh kim tra li khi
truyn d liu l b xung thm d liu c truyn tm ra hoc sa mt s li trong
qu trnh truyn . Do trong chun RS232 s dng mt k thut kim tra chn l.
Mt bit chn l c b sung vo d liu c truyn ch thy s lng cc bit
"1" c gi trong mt khung truyn l chn hay l.
Mt Parity bit ch c th tm ra mt s l cc li ch hn nh 1,3,,5,7,9... Nu nh
mt bit chn c mc li th Parity bit s trng gi tr vi trng hp khng mc li v
th khng pht hin ra li. Do trong k thut m ha li ny khng c s dng
trong trng hp c kh nng mt vi bit b mc li.
2.2.7 S kt ni dng IC MAX232
Vi mch MAX 232 ca hng MAXIM l mt vi mch chuyn dng trong giao
din ni tip vi my tnh. Chng c nhim v chuyn i mc TTL li vo thnh mc
+12V hoc 12V pha truyn v cc mc +3+15V hoc -3-15V thnh mc TTL
pha nhn.
Max232 l IC chuyn dng cho giao tip gia RS232 v thit b ngoi vi. y l
IC chy n nh v c s dng ph bin trong cc mch giao tip chun RS232. Mi
u truyn ra v cng nhn tn hiu u c bo v chng li s phng tnh in. Ngoi
ra Max232 cn c thit k vi ngun +5V cung cp ngun cng sut nh.
S kt ni cng COM vi MAX232:

1
4

T1IN
R1OUT

C1+

T2OUT
T2IN
R2OUT
R2IN

C2+

11
12

TX
RX

1
2

7
10
9
8
VCC

10u
C2C1-

VCC

V+

V-

GND

16
15

10u

T1OUT
R1IN

COM 1

1
6
2
7
3
8
4
9
5

RS232_O

U17
14
13

MAX232A
10u

10u

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S chn v cu trc bn trong ca MAX232

Vi mch MAX 232 c hai b m v hai b nhn. ng dn iu khin li vo

CTS, iu khin vic xut ra d liu cng ni tip khi cn thit, c ni vi chn 9
ca vi mch MAX 232. Cn chn RST (chn 10 ca vi mch MAX ) ni vi ng dn
bt tay iu khin qu trnh nhn. Thng th cc ng dn bt tay c ni vi cng
ni tip qua cc cu ni, khi khng dng n na c th h mch cc cu ny. Cch
truyn d liu n gin nht l ch dng ba ng dn TxD, RxD v GND (mass).

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CHNG 3: THIT K V THI CNG

3.1 S nguyn l

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3.2 Giao din Visual Basic

3.3 Chng trnh vit trn vi x l P89V51RD2:

#include <P89V51RD2.INC>
ORG 00H
LJMP START
ORG 0023H
LJMP SERIAL
ORG 40H
;*********************************************************
MAIN:
START:
MOV SCON,#50H
MOV T2CON,#00110000B
MOV RCAP2H,#0FFH
MOV RCAP2L,#0DCH
SETB TR2
MOV TMOD,#02H
MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000)
MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000)
SETB TR0
MOV IE,#92H
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SJMP $
;******************************************************
SERIAL:
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
CJNE A,#3,SERIAL1
CLR TR1
;***********************************************
SERIAL1:
CJNE A,#1,SERIAL2
SJMP CHEDO1
CHEDO1:
CLR P1.4
SETB P1.5
SETB P1.6
SETB P1.7
MOV R0,#00H
MOV DPTR,#TABLE2
SANGDUOI:
MOV A,R0
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV P0,A
MOV SBUF,A
JNB TI,$
CLR TI
ACALL DELAY
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
CJNE A,#3,LAP
LJMP STOP2
LAP:
INC R0
CJNE R0,#32,SANGDUOI
;**************************************************
SERIAL2:
CJNE A,#2,SERIAL3
SJMP CHEDO2
CHEDO2:
CLR P1.5
SETB P1.4
SETB P1.6
SETB P1.7
MOV DPTR,#TABLE
S1:
MOV A,#00h
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
CJNE A,#01H,S2
LJMP CHEDO2
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S2:
MOV P0,A
MOV SBUF,A
JNB TI,$
CLR TI
LCALL DELAY
INC DPTR
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
CJNE A,#3,LAP1
SJMP STOP2
LAP1:
SJMP S1
SERIAL3:
CJNE A,#4,SERIAL4
SJMP CHEDO3
CHEDO3:
CLR P1.6
SETB P1.4
SETB P1.5
SETB P1.7
MOV R0,#00H
MOV DPTR,#TABLE3
SANGDAN:
MOV A,R0
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV P0,A
MOV SBUF,A
JNB TI,$
CLR TI
ACALL DELAY
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
CJNE A,#3,LAP2
SJMP STOP2
LAP2:
INC R0
CJNE R0,#9,SANGDAN
SERIAL4:
CJNE A,#5,BAT_DAU
SJMP CHEDO4
CHEDO4:
CLR P1.7
SETB P1.4
SETB P1.5
SETB P1.6
MOV R0,#00H
MOV DPTR,#TABLE4
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HAIBIAVAORA:
MOV A,R0
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOV P0,A
MOV SBUF,A
JNB TI,$
CLR TI
ACALL DELAY
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
CJNE A,#3,LAP4
SJMP STOP2
LAP4:
INC R0
CJNE R0,#8,HAIBIAVAORA
;******************************
BAT_DAU:
LJMP SERIAL
;******************************
STOP2:
SETB P1.4
SETB P1.5
SETB P1.6
SETB P1.7
MOV P0,#11111111B
RETI
;*************************************
DELAY:
MOV R1,#200
DELAY1:
MOV R2,#164
DELAY2:
MOV R3,#2
DELAY3:
DJNZ R3,DELAY3
DJNZ R2,DELAY2
DJNZ R1,DELAY1
RET
TABLE:
DB 00H, 0FFH,00H, 0FFH
DB 01H
TABLE2:
DB 0FEH,0FDH,0FBH,0F7H
DB 0EFH,0DFH,0BFH,07FH
DB 0FEH,0FDH,0FBH,0F7H
DB 0EFH,0DFH,0BFH,07FH
DB 07FH,0BFH,0DFH,0EFH
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DB 0F7H,0FBH,0FDH,0FEH
DB 07FH,0BFH,0DFH,0EFH
DB 0F7H,0FBH,0FDH,0FEH
TABLE3:
DB 0FFH,0FEH,0FCH,0F8H,0F0H,0E0H,0C0H,80H,00H
TABLE4:
DB 0FFH,7EH,3CH,18H,00H,18H,3CH,7EH,0FFH
END

3.4 Chng trnh vit trn my tnh:

Private Declare Sub InitCommonControls Lib "comctl32" ()
Dim TTLED1 As Byte
Dim TTLED As String
Dim a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, p As Integer
Private Sub CONNECT_Click()
DIS.Enabled = True
CONNECT.Enabled = False
On Error GoTo Loiketnoi
MSComm1.Settings = "9600,N,8,1"
MSComm1.CommPort = Combo1.ListIndex + 1
If MSComm1.PortOpen = False Then
MSComm1.PortOpen = True
MSComm1.RThreshold = 1
MSComm1.SThreshold = 1
START.Enabled = True
Combo1.Enabled = False
Combo2.Enabled = False
THONGBAOKN.Caption = "DANG KET NOI"
THONGBAOKN.ForeColor = vbRed
CHEDO1.Enabled = True
CHEDO2.Enabled = True
CHEDO3.Enabled = True
CHEDO4.Enabled = True
End If
Loiketnoi:
If Err.Number = 8002 Then
MsgBox "LOI KET NOI", vbInformation, "THONG BAO"
Combo1.Enabled = True
CONNECT.Enabled = True
DIS.Enabled = False
End If
End Sub
Private Sub DIS_Click()
DIS.Enabled = False
MSComm1.Output = Chr(3)
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CONNECT.Enabled = True
If MSComm1.PortOpen = True Then
MSComm1.PortOpen = False
START.Enabled = False
STOPCT.Enabled = False
CHEDO1.Enabled = False
CHEDO2.Enabled = False
CHEDO3.Enabled = False
CHEDO4.Enabled = False
CHEDO1.Value = False
CHEDO2.Value = False
CHEDO3.Value = False
CHEDO4.Value = False
Combo1.Enabled = True
Combo2.Enabled = True
LED1.BackColor = &H80000005
LED2.BackColor = &H80000005
LED3.BackColor = &H80000005
LED4.BackColor = &H80000005
LED5.BackColor = &H80000005
LED6.BackColor = &H80000005
LED7.BackColor = &H80000005
LED8.BackColor = &H80000005
THONGBAOKN.Caption = "NGAT KET NOI"
THONGBAOKN.ForeColor = vbRed
End If
End Sub
Private Sub EXIT_Click()
If MSComm1.PortOpen = True Then
MSComm1.PortOpen = False
End If
If MsgBox("BAN CO MUON THOAT KHONG", vbInformation + vbYesNo,
"THONG BAO") = vbYes Then
End
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
START.Enabled = False
STOPCT.Enabled = False
CHEDO1.Enabled = False
CHEDO2.Enabled = False
CHEDO3.Enabled = False
CHEDO4.Enabled = False
CHEDO1.Value = False
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CHEDO2.Value = False
CHEDO3.Value = False
CHEDO4.Value = False
End Sub
Private Sub MSComm1_OnComm()
If MSComm1.CommEvent = comEvReceive Then
TTLED = MSComm1.Input
TTLED1 = Asc(TTLED)
End If
a = TTLED1 Mod 2
b = TTLED1 \ 2
If a = 1 Then
LED1.BackColor = &H80000005
Else
LED1.BackColor = vbRed
End If
c = b Mod 2
d=b\2
If c = 1 Then
LED2.BackColor = &H80000005
Else
LED2.BackColor = vbRed
End If
e = d Mod 2
f=d\2
If e = 1 Then
LED3.BackColor = &H80000005
Else
LED3.BackColor = vbRed
End If
g = f Mod 2
h=f\2
If g = 1 Then
LED4.BackColor = &H80000005
Else
LED4.BackColor = vbRed
End If
i = h Mod 2
j=h\2
If i = 1 Then
LED5.BackColor = &H80000005
Else
LED5.BackColor = vbRed
End If
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k = j Mod 2
l=j\2
If k = 1 Then
LED6.BackColor = &H80000005
Else
LED6.BackColor = vbRed
End If
m = l Mod 2
n=l\2
If m = 1 Then
LED7.BackColor = &H80000005
Else
LED7.BackColor = vbRed
End If
p = n Mod 2
If p = 1 Then
LED8.BackColor = &H80000005
Else
LED8.BackColor = vbRed
End If
End Sub
Private Sub START_Click()
If CHEDO1.Value = True Then
STOPCT.Enabled = True
START.Enabled = False
CHEDO2.Enabled = False
CHEDO3.Enabled = False
CHEDO4.Enabled = False
MSComm1.Output = Chr(1)
Else
If CHEDO2.Value = True Then
STOPCT.Enabled = True
START.Enabled = False
CHEDO1.Enabled = False
CHEDO3.Enabled = False
CHEDO4.Enabled = False
MSComm1.Output = Chr(2)
Else
If CHEDO3.Value = True Then
STOPCT.Enabled = True
START.Enabled = False
CHEDO1.Enabled = False
CHEDO2.Enabled = False
CHEDO4.Enabled = False
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MSComm1.Output = Chr(4)
Else
If CHEDO4.Value = True Then
STOPCT.Enabled = True
START.Enabled = False
CHEDO1.Enabled = False
CHEDO2.Enabled = False
CHEDO3.Enabled = False
MSComm1.Output = Chr(5)
Else
MsgBox "VUI LONG CHON CHE DO DIEU KHIEN", vbInformation,
"THONG BAO"
End If
End If
End If
End If
End Sub
Private Sub STOPCT_Click()
STOPCT.Enabled = False
START.Enabled = True
CHEDO1.Value = False
CHEDO2.Value = False
CHEDO3.Value = False
CHEDO4.Value = False
CHEDO1.Enabled = True
CHEDO2.Enabled = True
CHEDO3.Enabled = True
CHEDO4.Enabled = True
TTLED1 = 255
LED1.BackColor = &H80000005
LED2.BackColor = &H80000005
LED3.BackColor = &H80000005
LED4.BackColor = &H80000005
LED5.BackColor = &H80000005
LED6.BackColor = &H80000005
LED7.BackColor = &H80000005
LED8.BackColor = &H80000005
MSComm1.Output = Chr(3)
End Sub
Private Sub Timer1_Timer()
If Label3.Left <= Me.Width Then
Label3.Left = Label3.Left + 300
Else
Label3.Left = -Label3.Width
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o Lng iu Khin Bng My Tnh

GVHD: ThS. Hunh Minh Ngc

End If
End Sub
Private Sub Timer2_Timer()
DONGHO.Seconds = Second(Now)
DONGHO.Hours = Hour(Now)
DONGHO.Minutes = Minute(Now)
End Sub

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