CH

NG 8 :T
SI
U T
NG
CH
NG
:TNH H
H
SI
TNH B
B

NG PH
P CHUY
N V
PH
PH
NG
PH
CHUY
V
I.
1.

2.

KHI NiM CHUNG CC GI THIT

Khi nim chung
Ni lc bin dng chuyn v l 3 yu t lun tn
ti trn h kt cu
Phng php LC: s dng ni lc chuyn v;
n s l cc LC
Phng php CHUYN V: s dng chuyn v ni
lc; n s l CHUY
N V
CHUY
V hai u thanh
Cc gi thit:
Cc nt xem l tuyt i cng, nn cc thanh ng
quy ti nt c chuyn v thng v chuyn v gc l
nh nhau.

 Bin dng ca h l nh; b qua nh hng ca thnh

phn lc ct (Qy), lc dc (Nz)
Vt liu lm vic trong giai on n hi, theo nh lut
Hooke L
Trc v sau khi bin dng
B khong cch gia cc nt theo
ph ng ban u l kh ng i
A
B
(tr tr ng h p bi n d ng do
L
A
nhit )
II. NI DUNG PH

NG PH
P CHUY
N V
PH
NG
PH
CHUY
V

1. S n s theo phng php chuyn v: n = n1 + n2

Trong : n s n s ca phng php chuyn v
n1 s chuyn v gc cha bit ca cc nt cng
n2 s chuyn v thng c lp cha bit ca cc nt

 Xc nh n1 : S chuyn v gc (n1) s nt cng c

th xoay c ca h
Xc nh n2:( i vi h ni t n2 l c/v ngang)
S lin kt thanh (gi di ng) cn thm vo h
thanh khp bt bin hnh l n2 s chuyn v thng
(ngang) c lp cha bit ca cc nt
- H thay kh
p: Thay cc nt cng v cc lin kt
kh
ngm bng lin kt khp
V d : xc nh s n s (n) ca h sau:
1

2
3

n1 = 4

2
3

n2 = 2

H thay khp
4

n=4+2=6

2.

b
n c
a ph
ng ph
p chuy
n v
H c
c
b
c
ph
ph
chuy
v (HCB):
Nguyn tc: t thm vo h cc lin kt ngn
cn ton b cc chuyn v hai u thanh.

Cc lin kt t thm vo:

n k
t m
men(= n1 ): ngn cn chuyn v
Li
Li
k
m
xoay ca cc nt; phn lc l m men.
n k
t ll
c (= n2 ): ngn cn chuyn v thng
Li
Li
k
ca cc nt; phn lc l lc

S lin kt v phn lc:

R

S LIN KT M MEN

S LIN KT LC

2
3

5
A

He sieu tnh

He thay khp

He c ban

c im ca h c bn trong phng php

chuyn v:
Cc nt trong HCB khng c chuyn v
Mi thanh ca HCB l mt phn t lm vic c lp
HCB trong phng php chuyn v l duy nht
ng tr
c v
i tt
i tr
ng b
t ng
3. Ph
Ph
trnh ch
chnh tt
v
tr
b
iu kin rng buc ca HCB so vi h siu tnh:

Z1

Z2 Z5
Z4
Z3

Z6

He sieu tnh
So snh h ST v HCB:

He c ban

CHUYN V

PHN LC

H SIU TNH

KHNG

H C BN

KHNG

ng bu
c :
k rr
bu
t vo chuyn v cng bc ti cc lin kt lc
v lin kt mmen.
Phn lc ti lin kt phi = 0

- Phn lc Rk do cc chuyn v cng bc Zk v ti

trng P gy ra c th vit:

Rk, (Z1, Z2,....... Zn, PP) = 0

Thit lp phng trnh chnh tc cho phng php

chuyn v: T nguyn l cng tc dng ta c

RK(Z1;Z2 ;....;Zn ;P) = RK,Z1 + RK,Z2 +...+ RK,Zn + RK,P = 0 (a)

Trong :
RK,Zm :phn lc ti lin kt k do chuyn v cng bc Zm
gy ra trong HCB

RKP : phn lc ti lin kt k do ti trng gy ra trong HCB

Gi rkm l phn lc n v do ,chuyn v Zm = 1 gy ra ti

Rk,Zm = rkm . Zm

lin kt k :
Ch s u
ch v tr

Ch s sau ch
nguyn nhn

(b)

S d ng c c ph p bi n i, ta thi t l p c
phng trnh chnh tc tng qut cho phng php
chuyn v

r11 Z 1 + r12 Z 2 + ... + r1n Z n + R1 P = 0

r Z + r Z + ... + r Z + R = 0
21 1 22 2
2n n
2P

.....
rn1 Z 1 + rn 2 Z 2 + ... + rnn Z n + R nP = 0
Trong : rkm ( vi k m ) cc h s ph

rkm ( vi k = m ) cc h s chnh
RkP cc s hng t do

c
c bi
u n
i ll
c trong HCB :
C c v
v
c
bi
n

4.

a) Bieu o noi lc do tai trong gay ra trong HCB :

HCB cua pp chuyen v ch gom cac phan t n gian :
- Thanh c 2 u ngm cng (hoc ngm trt)
- Thanh c 2 u khp (H T)
- Thanh c 1 khp v 1 ngm (hoc ngm trt)

o
Bieu o Mp se c ve bang cac phan t mau lap san
A

q
D

HE SIEU TNH

HE C BAN

qL/8
F

n tt
m
u ch
c d
ng
Bng cc ph
ph
m
chu tt
d
i tr
ng
ca tt
tr
q

qL
8

qL2
12

qL2
8 P

qL2
12

qL2
3

Pab / L

Pab 2
L2

Pa 2b
L2

Pa
a
(2 )
2
L

Pa 2
2L
q

M
b

M
(2 L2 + 3a 2 6ab)
2
2L

b
L

Mb(2a b)
L2

b
L

Pab / l

qL2
6

qL
24

Pab( 2 L a )
2 L2

Ma
(2b a)
2
L

qL2
2

b)

Bieu o noi lc do chuyen v cng bc goi ta :

- Tng t s dung bang phan t mau lap san .

- Chu y : ng bien dang cua thanh di tc dng cua
chuyen v.
A

HE SIEU TNH

Z1 = 1

__

BIEU O M1

5. Cach xac nh cac he so trong phng trnh chnh tac cua

phng phap chuyen v :

n tt
m
u ch
c d
ng
Bng cc ph
ph
m
chu tt
d
n v
i tt
a
ca chuy
chuy
v g
g

6EJ / L2

3EJ / L

=1

=1

=1

6EJ / L2
6 EJ / L2
=1

=1

6 EJ / L2
=1
L

L
2EJ/L

3EJ/L

4EJ/L

EJ/L

n tt
c:
Nguy
Nguy
- H s rkm v Rkp : l cc phn lc ti lin kt th k trong
HCB di tc dng ca chuyn v cng bc Zm = 1 v
ti trng P
- S dng cc pt cn bng tnh hc xc nh:
- Phn lc ti lin kt m men: xt cn bng m men
- Phn lc ti lin kt lc: xt cn bng lc
A

Z1 = 1

A'

B' C

C'
Z2 = 1

__

BIEU O M1

Xt cn bng m
MAD
men ti nt 1

r11
MAB

__

BIEU O M2
A

QAD

QBE

r22
QCF

6.

th
c hi
n:
Tr
Trnh tt
th
hi

Xc nh bc siu tnh, chn HCB, vit pt chnh tc

V cc biu m men trong HCB

Xc nh cc h s; s hng t do trong pt chnh

tc

Gii h pt chnh tc, xc nh cc n s Zi

V biu m men bng nguyn l cng tc dng:

M P = M 1Z1 + M 2 Z 2 + .... + M n Z n + M P0
-

V biu lc dc v lc ct bng lin h vi phn

v tnh cht cn bng nt.

V d
1: Dng phng php chuyn v v biu
d
ni lc ca h kt cu sau, bit EI = const

a
Z1

(HCB)
a

Phng trnh chnh tc ca phng php chuyn v:

r11 Z 1 + R1 p = 0

V cc biu m men trong h c bn:

EI=hng s
2 EI
a

qa 2
8

qa 2
8

(M )
0
P

3EI
a

Z1=1

4 EI
a
EI
a

4 EI
a

2 EI
a
a

( M1 )

Phng trnh chnh tc ca phng php chuyn v:

r11 Z 1 + R1 p = 0
2
3
R1 p
qa
a
qa
Z1 =
=

=
r11
8 12 EI
96 EI

H s

Biu

r11

M1

R1P

0
P

B phn tch
3EI
a
4EI
a

r11

R1P

qa 2
8

4EI
a
EI
a

Gi tr
12EI
a
qa 2
8

V biu m men trong h siu tnh:

qa 2
8

(M )
0
P

qa 2
8

3qa
32

3qa 2
32

qa 2
24

qa 2
96

qa 2
24

qa2
8

Kim tra cn bng nt

qa 2
96

qa 2
24

qa 2
48
qa 2
24

( M1 Z1 )

qa 2
48

qa 2
24
qa 2
48

qa 2
24

qa 2
32
qa 2
48
qa 2
96

(MP )

V biu lc ct v lc dc trong h siu tnh:

qa
16

qa 2
48
qa 2
24

3qa 2
32
qa2
8

13qa
32

qa 2
96

qa 2
24

19 qa
32

(MP )

qa
48

qa
16

19 qa
32
0

qa
16
qa
16

19 qa
32

( NP )
0
19 qa
32

( QP )

7.

Ca
Cacch
h kie
kiem tra ke
ket qua
qua ttnh toa
toan :

Kiem tra ket qua trong qua trnh tnh toan :

___
o
Cac bieu o n v Mk va Mp
Giai he pt chnh tac
Kiem tra ket qua cuoi cung :
Bieu o Mp luon can bang nut
Tach bat c bo phan nao cua he cung thoa man
can bang lc.

V
2: Dng phng php chuyn v v biu
V d
d
ni lc ca h kt cu sau, bit EI = const
Z1

q
a/2

P=qa

Z2
a/2

(HCB)

a
6EI
4EI

Z1 =1

a2

a
Z2 =1

Z2 =1

3EI

a
2EI

( M1 )

6EI

a2

3EI

a2

(M 2 )

Biu do ti trng trong h c bn:

qa
qa 2

qa

P=qa

qa
8

a/2

0
p

(M )

qa2
4

a/2
a

Phng trnh chnh tc ca phng php chuyn v:

r11 Z1 + r12 Z 2 + R 1p = 0
r21 Z1 + r22 Z 2 + R 2p = 0

Xc nh cc h s trong phng trnh chnh tc

H s
r11

Biu
M1

B phn tch
r11

3EJ/a
4EJ/a

r12
r12 = r21
r22
R1P
R2P

M2
M2
0

(Mp)

r11 = 7EI/a

r12 = 6EI/a

6EJ/ a

r22
3

12EJ/a3

R1P
1

qa/4

r22 = 15EI/a

3EJ/a
2

qa/8

R1P = 0

qa/8

(Mp)

Gi tr

R2P

R2P = qa/4

Thay cc h s v s hng t do vo pt chnh

tc v gii:

7 EI
6 EI
Z1 2 Z 2 + 0 = 0
a
a
6 EI
15 EI
qa
2 Z1 + 3 Z 2
=0
4
a
a

7 aZ1 6 Z 2 + 0 = 0

qa
=0
24aZ1 + 60 Z 2 +
EI

qa 3
7 qa 4
Z1 =
; Z2 =
46 EI
276 EI

M P = M 1Z1 + M 2 Z 2 + M P0

V biu m men :
qa 2
qa 2

35qa 2
184

qa

qa2
4

qa 2
8

a/2

( M P0 )

a/2

3qa 2
46

qa 2
4

(MP)

3qa
184

7 qa 2
92

7 qa 2
46
2qa 2
23

(M1Z1 )
qa 2
23

qa 2
8

(M 2 Z2 )
7 qa 2
46

7 qa 2
92

V
3: Dng phng php chuyn v v biu
V d
d
m men ca h khung
C

B
EI

EI=

Z1

(HCB)
D

qa 2
8

EI
EI

a
a

Z2

qa 2
8

(M )
0
P

Phng trnh chnh tc ca phng php chuyn v:

r11 Z 1 + r12 Z 2 + R 1p = 0
r21 Z 1 + r22 Z 2 + R 2p = 0

V cc biu m men trong HCB

B

=1/a

a
a
A

Z1=1

3 EI
a2

C
7 EI
a2
4EI
a2

3EI
a2
2EI
a2

( M1 )

Biu ( M1 ) cn bng m men ti nt

Biu (M2 ) cn bng m men ti nt

3 EI
C
a2

B
=1/a

13 EI
a2

3EI
a2

E
a
a
A
D

+
A

10EI
a2

Z2=1

8EI
a2

( M2 )

D
=1/a Thanh AD bao gm hai thnh phn
chuyn v :
Chuyn v thng
Chuyn v xoay

H s

Biu

B phn tch

Gi tr
r11

r11

M1

10EI
r11 = 3
a

10EI
a3

r12

r12 = r21

M2

16 EI
a3
16 EI
3
a

r22

M2
18EI
a3

r22

16 EI
r12 = r21 = 3
a

r22 =

34EI
a3

H s Biu

R1P

R2 P

M P0

M P0

B phn tch

qa
8

qa
8

Gi tr
R1P

R1P =

R2P
R2 P =

Thay cc h s vo pt chnh tc, gii:

16EI
qa
10EI
a3 Z1 a3 Z 2 8 = 0

16EI Z + 34EI Z + qa = 0
1
2
3
a3
a
8

3qa 3
Z 1 = 112EI

3
qa
Z =
2 112EI

qa
8

qa
8

9 qa 2
( M 1 Z1 ) 112

(M )
0
P

qa 2
8

qa
8

21qa 2
112
3qa
28

9 qa 2
112

( M 2Z2 )
3qa 2
112

13qa 2
112

5qa 2
56

9 qa 2
112
3qa 2
56

V biu m men :

MP =

3qa 2
112

M 1Z1 + M 2 Z 2 + M P0

3qa 2
56

4qa 2
56

qa 2
8

(M )

qa 2
14

qa 2
56

III. He
He co
co ca
cac thanh ng
ng kho
khong
ng song song :
B

C C

2
=

A A

3
3

a) Pham vi nghien cu :
- Ch xet chuyen v thang theo phng vuong goc truc
thanh
- Bo qua chuyen v xoay cua truc thanh
b) Nguyen tac : Ap dung gia thiet 3 va 4 vao he thay khp

c)

Th
c ha
Th
hanh
nh :Cho he sieu tnh nh hnh ve
III

A,B,C

II
1

2
=

2
21

3
3 31

S dung he thay khp

Cho 1 1 oan = 1
Neu 2 t do 2 21
nhng 2 rang buoc bi
thanh 2-b
V vay 2 2
Tng t oi vi 3 3
Ta co ng bien dang
cua he thay khp

V d
1: Dng phng php chuyn v v biu
d
ni lc h v tnh chuyn v ng, ngang v
xoay ti tit din A trn h
EI

EI

EI

EI
a

2
EI
EI
a

2
EI
EI
2a

S dng tnh cht i xng phn tch h:

P/2
P

P/2

P/2

B
D

P/2

B qua bin dng dc

trc ca thanh, ta c s
tnh:

B
A

a
C

H c bn theo phng php chuyn v:

P/2

(HCB)

( M2 )

Z1

A
6 EI
a2

P/2

6 EI
a2

Z2=1

4EI
a

Pa/2

( M P0 )
C

3EI
a 2 A1

2EI
a

Z1 =1

3EI
a

( M1 )

Phng trnh chnh tc ca phng php chuyn v:

r11Z1 + r12 Z 2 + R1 p = 0

r21Z1 + r22 Z 2 + R2 p = 0
H s

r11

Biu

B phn tch
r11

M1

3EI
a

4EI
a

r12

r12 = r21

M2

6 EI
a2

3EI
a2

Gi tr
7 EI
a
3EI
2
a

H s Biu

r22

M2

B phn tch
6 2EI
a3
9 2EI
a3

Y =0

r22

QAD +sin450 ( NAC QAC ) =0

A
QAD =

N AC

R1P

R1P

M 0P

P
0

R1P

QAC

Gi tr

3EI
a3

Pa
2

P
2

NAC =

9 2EI
a3

r22 =

15EI
a3

Pa
R1P =
2
R2 P

R2 P

P
=
2

Thay cc h s xc nh vo h pt chnh tc
ri gii:

r11Z1 + r12 Z 2 + R1 p = 0

r21Z1 + r22 Z 2 + R2 p = 0
3EI
Pa
7 EI
a Z1 a 2 Z 2 2 = 0

3EI Z + 15EI Z P = 0
2
3
a 2 1
a
2
3Pa 2
5Pa 3
Z1 =
;Z 2 =
32EI
96 EI

V biu m men un bng nguyn l cng

tc dng:
B

( MP )
Pa
2

Pa
16

A
5Pa
16

7 Pa
16
Pa
8

P/2

B
3Pa
8

Pa/2

( M P0 )
C

5Pa
16

5Pa
32

( M 2Z2 )

3Pa
16

A
9Pa
32

( M 1Z1 )
D

 Chuyn v xoay ti A

1
M k03 )( M P0 )
(
2EI
1 1 Pa 2Pa

3Pa 2
A =
2 16 + 16 a 2 1 = 32EI
2EI

A =

( M K0 1 )

( M K0 2 )

PK2 = 1

PK1 = 1 A

( M K0 3 )
PK3 = 1

A
A

a
1

a
Pa
16

Pa
2
7 Pa
16
Pa
8

( MP )

Chuyn v ngang v ng ti A
1
0
M k1
M P0 )
(
)(
2EI
3
1 1
5Pa 5Pa
X A = YA =
a a 2
=
EI
2EI 2
48
X A = YA =

A :
IV. HE
HE SIE
SIEU T
TNH CH
CHU CHUYE
CHUYEN V
V GO
GOI T
T
Phng trnh
chnh tc:

r11 Z 1 + r12 Z 2 + ... + r1 n Z n + R1 = 0

r Z + r Z + ... + r Z + R
21 1
22 2
2n n
2 = 0

.....
rn 1 Z 1 + rn 2 Z 2 + ... + rnn Z n + R n = 0

Bieu o M : bng nguyen ly cong tac dung :

M P = M 1Z1 + M 2 Z 2 + .... + M n Z n + M 0
nh bie
2. Ca
Cacch
h xa
xac
nh
bieu o Mo :
Chuyn v bt k = chuyn v thng + chuyn v gc
Biu o Mo = M + M
Trong o :M :Biu omomen do rieng ch/v thang gay ra
M :Biu o momen do rieng ch/v goc gay ra

 p d
ng
3) V d
d
d
V d
1: V biu m men un ca h dm
d
chu chuyn v cng bc gi ta
EI= hng s
=/L
L

L
Z1
4EI
L

2EI
L
4 EI
L2

2 EI
L2

Z1=1
3EI
L
3 EI
L2

( HCB )

(M )
1

0
M
( )

Phng trnh chnh tc ca phng php chuyn v:

r11 Z 1 + R1 = 0
R1
5 EI
L
5
Z1 =
=

=
2
r11
L
7 EI
7L
H s

r11

Biu

B phn tch
r11

M1

3EI
L

4EI
L

R1

M 0

2 EI
L2

R1P
3 EI
L2

Gi tr
7 EI
L
5 EI
L2

V biu m men un ca h dm
=/L

2 EI
L2
4 EI
L2

20 EI
7 L2
10 EI
7 L2

18 EI
7 L2

3 EI
L2

15 EI
7 L2

0
M
( )

(M Z )
1

(M )
6 EI
7 L2

V. H SI
U T
THAY I C
A
SI
T NH CH
CH U S
S
C
T :
NHI
NHI
ng tr
c :
1. Ph
Ph
trnh ch
chnh tt

r11Z1 + r12Z2 + ...+ r1nZn + R1t = 0

r Z + r Z + ...+ r Z + R = 0
21 1 22 2
2n n
2t

.....
rn1Z1 + rn2Z2 + ...+ rnnZn + Rnt = 0

Rit :

Phn lc ti lin kt th i, di tc dng

ca nhit

 Bieu o Mt : xac nh bng nguyen ly cong tac dung :

MP =

0
M1Z1 + M 2 Z 2 + .... + M n Z n + M t

Trong o :Mt :B/o momen do nhiet o gay ra trong he ST

o
M t :B/o momen do nhiet o gay ra trong HCB
o
2. Ca

ch
xa

nh
bie

M
t:
Cach xa nh bie
Gia thiet :
Nhiet o thay oi nh nhau doc theo chieu dai thanh
Nhiet o thay oi bac nhat theo chieu cao tiet dien

 Bien dang trong thanh phan tch thanh 2 bien dang chnh :
Bien dang doc truc thanh phu thuoc vao nhiet o tc.
Truc thanh b uon cong i do s chenh lech nhiet o cua
th tren va th di
o
Bieu o Mt : c xac nh M t0 = M tc0 + M 0t
o
Trong o : M tc -bieu o momen do s co gian cua truc thanh
o
M t Bieu o momen do truc thanh b uon
o
Ve bieu o M tc :phai xac nh chuyen v tng oi gia
2 au thanh theo phng vuong goc.

V du
du : Ve bieu o momen khi cac thanh chu bien dang doc
2B
truc nh sau :
3C
11
31
12
23
1 tc > 0 2 tc > 0 3
3C
2
3
1
tc > 0
1A
tc > 0
21

12

23
2B
C
tc < 0
C
A
A
B
B
L12
11
31

3C
L
L1A
1
2
3
2
3
1
L2B

21

L23

C
B

C
A

o
B (M tc)

 Ve bieu o Mot : c ve bang bang tra

o
Lu y : M t luon cang th co nhiet o thap.
S o

MA

MB

QA

QB

L
t1
t2 > t 1

L
t1
t2 > t 1

(t2 t1 )EI
h

3
(t2 t1 )EI
2h

(t2 t1 )EI
h

3
(t2 t1 )EI
2hL

Trong o : h chieu cao tiet dien thanh

- he so dn n v nhiet ca vat lieu

3
(t2 t1 )EI
2hL

: V biu mmen ca h chu s thay i

V d
d
ca nhit
9t

3.

t1
t2

Z2

3m

1
12t

Z1 = 1

2I
4m

2I

t2 t1

t1 t2

HCB

Vi : t1 = 2t; t2 = 4t
3
EJt
h

27
tEI
4

L = .tc.L
2EI

2
27
tEI
4

o
(M tc)

EI

4
EIt
h

o
(M t)

Z1 = 1

6
EIt
h

(M1)
EI

Z2 = 1

NG BIEN DANG CUA HE

3
EI
4

3
EI
4

(M2)

3
EI
8

Xac nh an so, chon HCB, viet pt chnh tac :

r11Z1 + r12Z2 + R1t = 0

r21Z1 + r22Z2 + R2t = 0
V cac biu o trong he c bn
Xac nh cac he so trong pt chnh tac :
Trong o :

R1t = R'1tC + R' '1t ; R2t = R'2tC + R' '2 t

H s Biu
r11

B phn xt
r11

M1

EI

2EI

r12 = r21
r22

r12
M2

3/4EI

R1tc

Mtc

r22

3/8 EI

r11 = 3EI
r12 = - 3EI/4

M2

Gi tr

r22 = 15/32EI

3/32 EI

R1t1

R1t = 27/4 tEI

tEI
27/4
27/4

R2tc

Mtc

1
27/8 tEI

R2t

R2t = - 27/8 tEI

H s Biu
o
R1t
Mt

B phn xt
R1t1
3

R2t

Mt

R1t = 1

tEI

tEI

Gi tr

R2t

tEI

R2t = 3

tEI
2h

tEI
2h

Giai pt chnh tac xac nh cac an so : Z1; Z2

3
7
Z
=

9h 4

Z = t 40 + 6
2
9h

M P = M1Z1 + M 2 Z 2 + M tc0 + M 0t

40 3
tEI
+ ))
9h 4

(Mt)
(

59 3
tEI
+ ))
9h 2

168 3
tEI
( + ))
72h 4