Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Commercial Documents
(1) Commercial Invoice:
It is the basic and most important document in an
export transaction and extreme care has to be
taken by the exporter to prepare this document.
This document requires the exporter to submit
details such as his own details, Invoice number
with date, details of the consignee and buyer (if the
buyer is other than consignee), buyers order
number with date, country of origin of the goods,
country of final destination, terms of payment and
delivery,
pre-carriage
details
(Road/Rail),
vessel/flight number, port of loading, port of
discharge, final destination, container number,
number and kind of packaging, detailed description
of goods, quantity, rate and total amount
chargeable etc
Commercial Documents
Commercial Documents
(2) Packing List:
This document provides the details of number of
packages; quantity packed in each of them; the
weight and measurement of each of the package
and the net and gross weight of the total
consignment.
Net weight refers to the actual weight of the items
and the gross weight means the weight of the items
plus the weight of the packing material.
The packing list serves a useful purpose of the
exporter while dispatching the consignment as a
cross check of goods sent.
Commercial Documents
For the port personnel, it comes handy while
planning the loading and offloading of cargo.
It is also an essential document for the customs
authorities as they as they can carry out the
physical examination of the cargo and conduct
checks on the weight and measurements of the
goods smoothly against the declarations made by
the exporter in the packing list.
(3) Certificate of Inspection: This is the
Certificate issued by the Export Inspection Agency
after it has conducted the pre-shipment inspection
of goods for export provided the goods fall under
the notified category of goods requiring compulsory
shipment of inspection.
Commercial Documents
(4) Certificate of Insurance/Insurance Policy:
Insurance is an important area in the export
business as the stakes are usually very high.
Protection needs to be taken in the form of
insurance cover for the duration of transit of goods
from the exporter to the importer.
(5) Bill of Lading:
This is issued when the goods are shipped using
ocean (marine) transport.
When the exporter finally hand over the goods to
the shipping company for loading on board the ship
for transport to their final destination, the shipping
company issues a set of Bills of Lading to the
exporter.
Commercial Documents
(6) Airway Bill:
Airway Bill is a bill of lading when the goods are
shipped using air transport.
It is also known as air consignment note or airway
bill of lading.
(7) Combined Transport Document:
This is
also known as Multi-modal Transport
Document.
Ever since containers have become popular, the
concept of Combined Transport Document has
gained solid ground.
Commercial Documents
(8) Certificate Of Origin:
This document serves as a proof of the country of
origin of goods for the importer in his country.
Imported countries usually require this to be
produced at the time customs clearance of import
cargo.
It also plays an important part in computing the
liability and the rate of import duty in the country
of import.
This certificate declares the details of goods to be
shipped and the country where these goods are
grown, manufactured or produced.
Such
goods needs to have substantial value
addition so as to become eligible to certification of
this nature.
Commercial Documents
(9) Bill of Exchange:
Also known as Draft, this is an instruments for
payment realization.
It is a written unconditional order for payment from
a drawer to a drawee, directing the drawee to pay
a specified amount of money in a given currency to
the drawer or a named payee at a fixed or
determinable future date.
The exporter is the drawer and he draws (prepares
and signs) this unconditional order in writing upon
the importer (drawee) asking him to pay a certain
sum of money either to himself or his nominee
(endorsee).
Commercial Documents
This order could be made for payment on demand,
called a bill of exchange at sight or payment at a
future date, called a usance bill of exchange.
(10) Shipping Advice:
The exporter sends this document , called shipping
advice, to the buyer soon after the shipment is
made to provide him all the shipment details.
This serves as an advance intimation of the
shipment and allows the importer to arrange for
delivery of the same.
Suggested Readings
(1) International Marketing Management-an Indian perspective
by R.L Varshney and B.Bhattacharya, Sixth Edition, 2006
published by Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
(2) International Business Law and its Environment by Richard
Schaffer, Beverley and Filiberto Augsti, Sixth Edition, 2005
published by Thomson South-Western United States.
(3) Manual on Export Documentation published by Commercial
Law Publishers (India) Private Limited, NREW Delhi, 2006.
(4) International Business Law, Text, Cases and Readings,
Fourth Edition, 2004. Published by Prentice Hall, U.S.A
(5) International Marketing by Philips R.Cateora and John L.
Graham published by Tata McGraw Hill
(6) International Business by Charles W.L Hill and Arun K.Jain
published by Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited,
New Delhi.
(7) Export and import Management by Aseem Kumar
published by Excel Books, 2007