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  • Initiation of Translation: Formyltetrahydrofolate

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    Initiation of translation in prokaryotes occurs in three steps: 1) initiation factors bind the 70S ribosome and mRNA to form a 30S initiation complex, 2) the 50S subunit binds to form the 70S initiation complex with the initiator tRNA in the P site, and 3) GTP is hydrolyzed and factors are released to allow elongation to begin. The initiator tRNA carries N-formylmethionine which is added to all prokaryotic proteins. Base pairing of the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence with the 16S rRNA positions the start codon in the P site.

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    initiation of translation

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    Initiate Trnsl

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    Initiation of translation in prokaryotes occurs in three steps: 1) initiation factors bind the 70S ribosome and mRNA to form a 30S initiation complex, 2) the 50S subunit binds to form the 70S initiation complex with the initiator tRNA in the P site, and 3) GTP is hydrolyzed and factors are released to allow elongation to begin. The initiator tRNA carries N-formylmethionine which is added to all prokaryotic proteins. Base pairing of the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence with the 16S rRNA positions the start codon in the P site.

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    11 views1 page

    Initiation of Translation: Formyltetrahydrofolate

    Uploaded by

    devark
    Initiation of translation in prokaryotes occurs in three steps: 1) initiation factors bind the 70S ribosome and mRNA to form a 30S initiation complex, 2) the 50S subunit binds to form the 70S initiation complex with the initiator tRNA in the P site, and 3) GTP is hydrolyzed and factors are released to allow elongation to begin. The initiator tRNA carries N-formylmethionine which is added to all prokaryotic proteins. Base pairing of the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence with the 16S rRNA positions the start codon in the P site.

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    of 1

    12/9/2014

    Mathews/vanHolde/Ahern3rdEdition

    InitiationofTranslation
    Translationoccursinthreedistinctstagesinitiation,elongation,andtermination.Eachsteprequiresspecific
    proteinsthatinteractwiththetRNAs,mRNA,and/orribosomes.SomeofthesearelistedinTable27.4.
    InitiationofprokaryotictranslationisdepictedinFigure27.20.Stepsinclude:
    1.Twoinitiationfactors(IF1andIF3)bindtoa70Sribosome.IF3andIF1appeartopromote
    thedissociationof70Sribosomesintofree30Sand50Ssubunits.mRNAandathirdinitiation
    factor(IF2),whichcarriesamoleculeofGTPandthechargedinitiatortRNAbindtoafree30S
    subunit.IF2isoneofaclassofGproteins(seehere).Afterthesehaveallbound,the30Sinitiation
    complexiscomplete.
    TheinitiatortRNAcarriesanNformylmethionine.Theformylgroupisaddedafterthemethionine
    islinkedtothetRNAbyanenzymecalledtransformylase.IttransfersaformylgroupfromN10

    formyltetrahydrofolate.
    OnlytRNAfMetisacceptedtoformtheinitiationcomplex.AllfurtherchargedtRNAsrequirefully
    assembled(i.e.,70S)ribosomes.AllprokaryoticproteinsaresynthesizedwiththesameNterminal
    residue,Nformylmethionine.
    Nearthe3'endofthe16SrRNAisasequence(3'UCCUCC5')thatcanbasepairwitha
    sequencenearthe5'endofeachmRNA.ThesequenceinthemRNAiscalledtheShineDalgarno
    sequence(seehere).Thispairingalignsthemessagecorrectlyforthestartoftranslation.
    2.The50Ssubunitbindstothe30Sinitiationcomplex.ItcontainsthreesitesfortRNAbinding,
    calledthePsite(peptidyl),theAsite(aminoacyl),andtheEsite(exit).Whenthetworibosomal
    subunitsjoin,theAUGinitiatorcodonwithitsboundtRNAfMetalignswiththePsite.
    3.TheGTPcarriedbyIF2ishydrolyzed,andIF2GDP,Pi,andIF1areallreleased.The70S
    initiationcomplexisreadytoacceptasecondchargedtRNAandbeginelongation,thenextphase
    oftranslation.
    AnticodonendsofthetRNAmoleculescontactthe30Ssubunitandtheacceptorendsinteractwiththe50S
    subunit(Figure27.21).
    Seealso:ElongationofTranslation,TerminationofTranslation,EukaryoticvsProkaryotic
    Translation(fromChapter28)

    INTERNETLINKS:
    1.TranslationInitiationandElongationFactors

    http://www.pearsonhighered.com/mathews/ch27/c27it.htm

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