4 Basic Principles of

Cooperative Learning
(PIES)

Positive Interdependence

Individual Accountability

Is individual public performance required?

Achievement or listening
Contributions of each individual made
known to the team
Teammates work to improve individual
achievement

Equal Participation

Is a gain for one a gain for another?

Is help necessary?

How equal is the participation?

Turn allocation
Division of labor: Task roles do not assume
equal participation in academic tasks

Simultaneous Interaction

What percent of the class/team are overtly

active at once?

Kagan, S. (2000). Cooperative Learning. San Clemente, CA: Kagan.