LATIN AMERICAN PEOPLES WIN INDEPENDENCE

Background Question:
1. What three factors motivated the people of Latin America to rebel against their European
controllers?
Liberty
Equality
Democratic rule

Haitian Independence
1. Who controlled the colony of Haiti and what two leaders where responsible for their
independence?
They were under European control. It was led by Toussaint LOuverture and Jean-Jacques.

2. Why were they able to win their independence so quickly and easily?
On January 1, 1804 general Dessalines declared the colony independent and called it Haiti.

3. How was this movement for independence different from revolutions in the rest of Latin
America? [You will have to answer this question after reading the entire document.]
It was very different from the rest of the L.A because they were able to win their independence much
quicker and easier because they didnt have to fight for it.

Viceroyalty of Peru
1. Identify and explain the specific events on the European continent effected the movement for
independence in Peru.
First king Ferdinand was removed which caused revolts. Then napoleons brother became the king.
People want the kings removed because they believe that they would then have power.

2. The movement from independence was spearheaded by what two creoles. Who were they and
explain how they were able to gain it.
It was led by Simon Bolivar and Jose de san Martin and they both got independence for their countries.
They later teamed up and to get rid of the Spanish forces.

3. What name did they give to the independent viceroyalty?

It was named gran Columbia.

Viceroyalty of New Spain

1. How did the movement for independence differ from that of Peru?
New Spain leaders were defeated but leaders in Peru won their independence.
2. The movement began with the leadership of what two leaders? Explain their rebellion and its
successes/failures.
It began with Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos. Hidalgo gathered an army to try to defeat
Mexico but lost. Then Morelos led a revolution and was defeated after 4 years.

3. Ironically, a creole DID eventually was successful in gaining freedom from Spain. Who was he,
and whey did favor independence in 1820 when he did not earlier?
Augustin de Iturbide was successful. He favored it because of Mexicos independence.

4. What government/title did this liberator give the newly independent viceroyalty?
What happened to his government?
They became United Provinces of Central America. It was overthrown and they declared
independence.

Brazil
1. Why was this colony governed differently than the Spanish colonies just prior to independence?
Portugal ran their empire from Brazil until napoleons defeat.

2. How did the movement for independence differ in this Portuguese colony than those of the
Spanish colonies?
It was different because there was no fighting in Brazil.