2-7 Cc iu kin bin:

Xt tm ch nht c cc bin nh trn hnh v

Bin ngm: x = 0
w = w/x = 0
y=b
w = w/y = 0
Bin khp: x = a
w = 0;
Mx = 0 2w/x2 + 2w/y2 = 0
Bin vn thng trong mt phng yz nn 2w/y2 = 0, do 2w/x2 = 0.
iu kin bin khp
x=a
w = 0;
2w/x2 = 0
y=0
w = 0;
2w/y2 = 0
a
x
b
y
Hnh 2-4

Bin t do:

iu kin bin trn cnh ngm v khp

x = a c 3 iu kin

Mx = 0
Qx = 0
H=0
tha iu kin, Kirchoff ngh kt hp hai iu kin sau lm 1
Qx,t = Qx + H/y = 0 (gii thch trn lp, xem ti liu)
tng t, trn bin vung gc trc y t do, ta c iu kin
Qx,t = Qy + H/x = 0
Bin cho
Xt cn bng ca phn t tam gic gm hai cnh dx v dy vung gc trc
to v mt cnh xin ds c php tuyn u hp gc lng gic vi
phng trc x. ng lc trn cnh phn t c biu din trn hnh 2-4
Mxy
Mx

My
Myx

Muv
Mu

x
Hnh 2-4 Phn t hnh tam gic

iu kin cn bng cho ta biu thc xc nh ng lc trn cnh xin:

Mu =

M x +M y

2
Mx My

Mx My
2

cos 2 H sin 2

(2-13)

cos 2 H sin 2
2
Qu = Q x cos + Q y sin
H=

Tu thuc lin kt ca bin cho ta s c nhng iu kin bin khc nhau.

11

w
= 0,
u

w = 0;

Chng hn, bin cho ngm th

bin cho ta khp th w = 0;

Mu = 0.
2-8 Nghim Navier
Xt tm bn bin khp, chu ti trng ngang phn b p(x, y).
iu kin bin
x = 0; x = a
w = 0; 2w/x2 = 0.
y = 0; y = b
w = 0; 2w/y2 = 0.
Chn nghim dng chui lng gic kp tho mn iu kin bin

w( x, y ) = Amn sin
m =1 n =1

mx
ny
sin
a
b

(2-14)

Ti trng c khai trin theo chui lng gic kp

p ( x, y ) = p mn sin
m =1 n =1

mx
ny
sin
a
b

(2-15)

m x
ny
4
p ( x, y ) sin
sin
dxdy

ab 0 0
a
b
a b

p mn =

vi

(2-16)

thay 2-14 v 2-15 vo phng trnh Sophie-Germain, ta tm c cc h

s trong chui ca vng
Amn =

pmn
a4
a
vi =
4
2
2 2 2
b
D (m + n )

(2-17)

Th d 2-1
Xt tm chu ti trng phn b u p = p 0= const.
mx
n y
4
16 p
p0 sin
dxdy = 2 0
sin

ab 0 0
a
b
mn
a b

pmn =

16 p 0 a 4
w=
6D

Mx =
My =

(m,n l s nguyn l1, 3, 5..)

mx
ny
sin
mn(ma2 + 2 n b2 ) 2

16 p 0 a 2

4
16 p 0 a 2

sin

(m,n = 1,3,5..)

m 2 + 2 n 2
mx
ny
mn(m 2 + 2 n 2 ) 2 sin a sin b

m 2 + 2 n 2
mx
ny
sin
sin

2
2 2 2
a
b
m n mn( m + n )

Khi tm hnh vung , ly mt s hng th wmax = w(a / 2, a / 2)

Th d 2-2

dx
dy
a
y
Hnh 2-5 Th d 2-2

12

4 p0 a 4
.
576 D

Xt tm ch nht bn bin lin kt khp, chiu di cc cnh l a, b, chu

mt lc tp trung P t ti im (,).
Trong biu thc tnh h s ca ti trng 2-16, s hng di du tch phn
mi ni bng khng, tr ti im (,) c gi tr p =

P
, do
dxdy

4
4
m
n
mx
ny
sin
sin
dxdy =
P sin
p ( x, y ) sin

a
b
a
b
ab
ab 0 0
a b

p mn =

m
n
sin
sin
4 Pa 3
a
b sin mx sin ny
w( x, y ) = 4
2
2 2 2
a
b
bD m =1 n =1 (m + n )

Vi ti trng n v P = 1 t ti to (, ) ta c vng w ti im c
to (x, y) l
w ( x, y ) =

4a

4 bD m=1 n =1

m
n
sin
a
b sin mx sin ny
2
2 2 2
a
b
(m + n )

sin

(2-18)

Hm w c gi l hm Green ca bi ton tm. Bit hm Green, ta c

th tnh c vng do ti trng bt k p(x, y) phn b trn din tch S
(2-19)
w( x, y ) = w ( x, y, , ) p ( , )dd
S

2-9 Nghim Levy

Xt tm hnh ch nht hai cnh a song song trc x c lin kt khp, hai
cnh b song song trc y c lin kt bt k, ti phn b l hng s theo
phng y, ngha l p = p(x) nh trn hnh

b
y

p(x)
Hnh 2-6 Bi ton nghim Lvy

Chn hm vng dng

w( x, y ) = X n ( x) sin

trong

ny
= X n ( x) sin y
b

(2-17)

= n/b

Nghim tho mn iu kin bin w = 0 v

2w
= 0 khi y = 0; y = b.
y 2

Khai trin ti trng theo chui lng gic n

p ( x, y ) = Dp n sin

n y
b

13

(2-18)

4 p( x)
2
ny
2 p ( x)
p sin
dy =
[1 cos n ] =

nD
bD 0
b
nD
b

pn=

n: s nguyn l

Thay vo phng trnh Sophie Germain, ta nhn c phng trnh xc

nh hm X(x)
XnIV - 22Xn II + 4Xn = 2pn
Nghim gm nghim tng qut ca phng trnh thun nht v nghim
ring ca phng trnh khng thun nht
Xn = Xn * + X n
Xn = Achx + Bxchx + Cshx + Dxshx + X

Do w( x, y ) = ( Achx + Bxchx + Cshx + Dxshx + X ) sin y

(2-20)

Bn hng s xc nh theo iu kin lin kt ti hai bin x = 0, x = a.

Th d 2-3
Xt ti trng phn b tam gic theo phng x, hng s theo phng y
x
p = p 0 (1 )
a
4 p0
4 p0 b
x
x
H s ca khai trin
pn =
(1 ) =
(1 )
n D
a
D
a
4 p0
x
Chn nghim ring
Xn =
(1 )
n D
a

4 p0
x
(1 )] sin y
Do w( x, y ) = [ Achx + Bxchx + Cshx + Dxshx +
5
a
bD
1

Xt trng hp hai bin xung gc trc x l ngm

4 p0
4 p0
w
= 0 cho A =
; B + C =
5
x
abD 5
bD
w
x = a th w = 0 v
= 0 cho
x
Acha + Bacha + Csha + aDsha = 0
4 p0
Asha + Bcha + aBsha + Ccha + aDcha + Dsha
=0
bD 5

x = 0 th w = 0 v

T bn h phng trnh trn, ta tm c cc hng s A, B, C, D

2-10 Nghim gii tch cho mt s trng hp khc
Tm ellip ngm trn bin

a
Hnh 2-7 Tm ellip

Phng trnh bin

x2 y2
+
=1
a2 b2

14

iu kin bin

trn bin

w = 0 v

w
=0
n

(iu kin sau tng ng vi

w
w
= 0,
= 0)
x
y

Chn dng nghim tho mn iu kin bin

w = w0 (

x2 y2
+ 2 1) 2
2
a
b

(2-21)

Phng trnh Sophie-Germain khi ti trng l hng s p cho

w0 =

p
24
16
24
( 4 + 2 2 + 4 )D
a
a b
b

Bit vng, c th tnh c cc ng lc, ng sut.

Tm tam gic
Xt tm hnh tam gic vung cnh axb, lin kt ngm trn bin, chu ti
phn b u p = const.
Chn vng di dng (x trng cnh a, y trng cnh b).
C l hng s.
w = Cx2y2(1 - x/a - y/b)2
Kim tra phng trnh v cc iu kin bin.
Tnh tr s ng sut ln nht ti im A v im B.
y
b
a

Hnh 2-8 Tm tam gic

Bi gii
w = Cx2y2(1 - x/a - y/b)2
w = Cx2y2(1+x2/a + y2/b2-2x/a-2y/b+2xy/ab)
w = C[x2y2+x4y2/a+x2y4/b-2x3y2/a-2x2y3/b+2x3y3/ab]
w,x = C[2xy2+4x3y2/a+2xy4/b-6x2y2/a-6x2y2/b+8x2y2/ab]
w,y = C[2x2y+2x4y/a+4x2y3/b-4x3y/a-6x2y2/b+6x3y2/ab]
w,xxxx = 0
w,yyyy = 0
w,xxyy = C( 8/ab)
Phng trnh Sophie Germain cho kt qu 16C/ab=p/D
Di ch nht chu un
x
y
Hnh 2-9 Di ch nht

Xt di ch nht lin kt khp trn bin di, chu ti trng p = p(y).

15

Nhn xt: vng l hng theo x.

Phng trnh cn li

d 4w
= p( y) / D
dy 4

w = C1 + C2y + C3y2 + C4y3 + w*

w* nghim ring phng trnh c v phi
Xt p = const ta ly w* = py4/24D
w = C1 + C2y + C3y2 + C4y3 + py4/24D
w = 2C3 + 6C4y +py2/2D
iu kin bin
y=0
w =0
C1 = 0
w = 0
C3 = 0
3
4
w = C2y + C4y + py /24D
w = 6C4y +py2/2D
y=b
w =0
C2b + C4b3 + pb4/24D = 0
w = 0
6C4b + pb2/2D = 0 C4 = - pb/12D
C2b - pb4/12D + pb4/24D = 0
C2 = pb3/24D
w = pb3y/24D - pby3/12D + py4/24D
pb 4 y
y3 y4
( 2 3 + 4 )
24 D b
b
b
2
2
pb
y y
w" =
( + 2 )
b b
2D
pb 2 y y 2
( )
M y = Dw" =
2 b b2
5 pb 4
wmax =
384 S
pb 2
M y ,max =
8
w=

(so snh vi nghim SBVL khi tnh dm chu un c b rng mt n v).

2-11 Tm hnh trn trong to c cc
Phng trnh vng
H to M(r,), k hiu cc ng lc trn phn t tm
Xt phn t tm cng h to c cc nh trn hnh 2-12, cc ng lc
tc ng trn cc cnh s l mmen un M r , M , lc ct Qr , Q , mmen
xon H . Chiu dng cc ng lc nh ch trn hnh v ph hp vi chiu
dng ca cc ng sut gy ra chng.

d
r

dr

Hnh 2-10 Phn t tm trong to c cc

16

Phng trnh gii

Trong h to cc

p
D
2

1
1 2
2 = 2 +
+ 2
r r r 2
r
4w =

Cc ng lc tnh theo

(2-22)
(2-23)
(2-24)

1 w 1 w
w
)] ;
+ (
+
2
r r r 2 2
r
1 w 1 2 w
2w

];
+ 2
+
M = D[
r r r 2
r 2

Qr = D 2 w ; Q = D
2w ;
r
r
1 w
H = (1 ) (
).
r r

M r = D[

Biu thc ca lc ct quy c

(2-25)

1 H
1 2 1 w

Qrtd = Qr +
(
)]
= D[ 2 w + (1 )
r
r
r r r
1 2
H
2 1 w
Qtd = Q +
)] .
= D[
w + (1 ) 2 (
r
r
r r

Bi ton i xng qua tm

Xt tm trn c lin kt v ti trng p i xng qua gc to t ti tm.
2-22, 2-23 tr thnh cc ton t v phng trnh vi phn thng
d2 1 d
+
dr 2 r dr
d 4 w 2 d 3 w 1 d 2 w 1 dw p
2 ( 2 w) =
+

+
=
dr 4 r dr 3 r 2 dr 2 r 3 dr D
K hiu w l nghim ring ca phng trnh c v phi th nghim tng
2 =

qut ca 2-22 l
w = C1 + C 2 ln r + C 3 r 2 ln r + C 4 r 2 + w
p0 r 4
.
64 D
1 dw
d 2w
M r = D[ 2 +
];
r dr
dr
1 dw
d 2w
+ 2 ];
M = D[
r dr
dr
3
d w
H = 0 ; Qr = D 3 ; Q = 0
dr

Nghim ring khi ti phn b u p = p0 c dng w =

Theo 2-24, 2-25 cc ng lc l

Tm hnh trn c chu ti phn b u, ta khp trn bin

iu kin bin:
Ti r = 0 vng l hu hn, do C2 = C3 = 0.
d 2 w dw
+
=0
r dr
dr 2
5 + p0 a 4
,
C1 =
1 + 64 D
3 + p0 a 2
.
C4 =
1 + 32 D

Ti r = a th w = 0; M r = 0
t , tm c

17

p0
5+ 2
(a 2 r 2 )(
a r2)
64 D
1+
5 + p0 a 4
wmax = w(0) =
.
1 + 64 D

Biu thc vng w =

vng ln nht

Tm hnh trn c chu mmen un phn b u trn bin ta khp

iu kin bin:
Ti r = 0 vng l hu hn, do C2 = C3 = 0.
Ti r = a th w = 0; M r = m0
t , tm c
w=

vng

C1 = C 4 a 2 =

d 2 w dw
+
= m0 / D
dr 2 r dr

m0 a 2
.
2(1 + ) D

m0
(a 2 r 2 ) ; Gc xoay
2(1 + ) D

m0 r
(1 + ) D

m0

Hnh 2-11

Tm chu mmen phn b u trn bin

Xt tm hnh vnh khuyn chu ti phn b u, ta khp

K hiu cc bn knh trong v ngoi ca tm l a v b, ta c cc iu kin:
d 2w
+
dr 2
d 2w
Ti r = b th w = 0; M r = 0 2 +
dr

Ti r = a th w = 0; M r = 0

dw

=0
r dr
dw
=0
r dr

Xt tm chu ti trng c lut phn b bt k p = p(r, )

Khi ny, phn tch ti trng theo chui lng gic
p (r , ) = a n (r ) cos n + bn (r ) sin n
n

a n (r ) = 2 p (r , ) cos n .d
0

bn (r ) = 2 p (r , ) sin n .d
0

Nghim vng cng tm di dng chui lng gic

w(r , ) = f n (r ) cos n + g n ( ) sin n
n

thay vo phng trnh 2-45, cn bng h s ca cc s hng, ta nhn c

nhng phng trnh vi phn i vi cc hm mt bin f(r) v g(r).
Chng hn xt trng hp ti trng p = p0cos.
Chn
w = f(r)cos.
Phng trnh 2-45 tr thnh

IV

Nghim vi iu kin bin ta khp l

18

III

f II
fI
f

+ 4 =0
2
3
r
r
r

p0 a 4 1 2
[7 + (3 + ) 2 ] cos
192 D 3 +
p a2
M r = 0 (5 + )(1 2 ) cos
48
p a2 1
M = 0
[(5 + )(1 + 3 ) (3 + )(1 + 5 ) 2 ] cos
48 3 +
w=

2-12 Phng php sai phn (PPSP)

Phng trnh sai phn
PPSP l mt phng php s, gn ng gii phng trnh vi phn. Ni
dung l thay o hm bng t s cc lng hu hn, do , thay vic gii
phng trnh vi phn bng vic gii cc phng trnh i s, thay vic tm
n s di dng hm gii tch bng vic tm gi tr n s ti mt s hu
hn cc im.
Gi th cho hm f(x,y) xc nh trong min S. Ph min S bng mt mng
li ch nht cnh x, y nh trn hnh v 2-12. x, y gi l bc sai
phn, chng c th u nhau hoc thay i. o hm ca f ti im 0
c thay bng cc t s hai lng hu hn
n f
x n

( n ) f 0
x n

=
0

n f
y n

=
0

( n ) f 0
.
y n

T s f gi l sai phn cp n, mu s x, y l cc bc sai phn.

PPSP trong bi ton phng cn gi l phng php li.
(n)

Hnh 2-12
f
x

2 f
2 f
xy
f
x 4

f1 2 f 0 + f 3 f
,
y
2 x

=
0

f2 f4 2 f
, 2
2 y
y

f 2 f 0 + f3
f 2 f0 + f 4
f f
+ 2 )0 = 1
+ 2
2
2
2 y
x
x
y

f5 f6 + f 7 f8
,
4 x y

f 9 4 f 1 + 6 f 0 4 f 3 + f 11
;
4 x

f 10 4 f 2 + 6 f 0 4 f 4 + f12
;
4 y

=(

f
y 4

f1 f 3 2 f
, 2
2 x
x

S mng li sai phn

19

=
0

f2 2 f0 + f4
,
2 y

4 f
x 2 y 2

=
0

4 f 0 2( f1 + f 2 + f 3 + f 4 ) + ( f 5 + f 6 + f 7 + f 8 )
.
2 x 2 y

Phng trnh Sophie Germain i vi vng w ng trn ton b mt S

nn cng ng ti cc nt li, chng hn ti im 0 s c 4 w0 =
Phng trnh vit di dng sai phn khi ly x = y= s l

p
.
D

(2-26)

20w0 8( w1 + w2 + w3 + w4 ) + 2( w5 + w6 + w7 + w8 ) + w9 + w10 + w11 + w12 =

p4
.
D

Vit phng trnh tng t cho tt c n nt nm bn trong tm, ta nhn

c h n phng trnh i s tuyn tnh cha n n s w ti cc nt, mt
s gi tr ca w ti nhng nt nm trn chu vi tm v ti nhng nt nm
ngoi cch chu vi mt bc sai phn. Nhng tr s trn v ngoi chu vi
c xc nh theo cc iu kin bin.
iu kin bin
wB=0;

Bin ngm (hnh v 2-13)

wB
=0
x

wN=wT

Bin ngm, v vy, c gi l bin lin kt i xng.

Bin khp ta (hnh v 2-14)
2 wB
= 0 wN= - wT
x 2

wB = 0;

Bin khp ta, v vy, c gi l bin lin kt phn xng.

N
B
T

N
B
T
T

B N

Hnh v 2-13 Bin ngm v sai phn

B N

Hnh v 2-13 Bin khp v sai phn

Bin t do (hnh v 2-15)

Trn bin, chng ta cng c hai iu kin, th d bin vung gc trc x:
Mx=0

Qxt=0

w1 2 wB + w3
w 2 w B + w4
+ 2
=0
2
2

1
2
[ w9 2w1 + w3 w11 ] + 2 [2( w3 w5 ) + w5 w6 + w7 w8 ] = 0 .
2

Hnh 2-15

iu kin bin t do v sai phn

20

Xut hin thm nhng im cch bin hai bc, ta c phng trnh b
xung: ti gc t do ca tm (im 0) lc gc H bng khng, hoc
H =0

2w
= 0 w5 - w6 + w7 - w8 = 0
xy

Tnh cc ng lc
Sau khi xc nh chuyn v, tm ng lc theo biu thc
D
[ w1 2w0 + w3 + ( w2 2w0 + w4 )] ;
2
D
M y = 2 [ w2 2w0 + w4 + ( w1 2w0 + w3 )] ;

(1 ) D
H=
[ w5 w6 + w7 w8 ] ;
42
D
Q x = 3 [ w9 w11 + 4( w3 w1 ) + ( w5 + w8 + w6 w7 )] ;
2
D
Q y = 3 [ w10 w12 + 4( w4 w2 ) + ( w5 w6 + w7 w) / ] .
2
Mx =

2-14 Phng php bin phn

Phim hm l mt i lng m gi tr ca n ph thuc vo mt hoc
nhiu hm s cu mt hoc nhiu bin s c lp.
Cc hm c gi l cc i s hoc i s suy rng, min xc nh ca
phim hm l min xc nh ca cc i s. Phim hm thng c biu
din di dng tch phn xc nh.
Phim hm mt i s y(x) ca mt bin s c lp x
xB

I = F ( x, y, y ' )dx

(2-27)

xA

I=

th d: chiu di ng cong t A n B

xB

1 + y ' 2 dx (a)

xA

I=

TNBDH ca thanh chu un

1 M2
dz
2 L EJ

Phim hm nhiu i s yi(x1,x2,.. xn) ca nhiu bin c lp xi

I=

x1 B x2 D

F (x , x
1

, y1 , y 2 , y 3 )dx1 dx 2

(2-28)

x1 A x2 C

Phim hm I[y(x)] l tuyn tnh nu tho mn cc iu kin

+ Php nhn vi mt hng s
I[cy(x)] = cI[y(x)]
+ Php tng
I[y1(x)+y2(x)]= I[y1(x)] + I[y2(x)]
xB

Th d phim hm tuyn tnh l

I [ y ( x)] = [ p( x) y + q( x) y ' ]dx

xA

Bi ton bin phn l bi ton tm cc tr ca phim hm. Chng hn bi

ton tm ng ngn nht ni hai im A, B nm trn mt phng trong
phim hm (a); bi ton ng trc a xc nh ng ngn nht ni hai
im A, B nm trn mt cho bi phng trnh (x, y, z) = 0 trong h to
Descartes; bi ton ng on thi ca I. Bernouilli: Tm ng ni

21

hai im A, B khng nm trn mt ng thng ng sao cho im vt

cht trt theo ng ny t A ti B s mt thi gian ngn nht.
Xt phim hm mt i s c mt bin s I = I[y(x)]
Ta ly mt hm y*(x) trong min xc nh v gn y(x) theo ngha
y*(x) = y(x) + y(x)
y(x) l mt hm c gi tr b, gi l bin phn ca i s (hnh 2-16)
y(x) = y*(x) - y(x)
S gia tng ng ca phim hm
I = I[y*(x)] - I[y(x)]
y
y
y*
x
Hnh 2-16

gn nhau ca hai hm s y v y*

Ta bit rng s gia ca mt hm s f(x) c th vit di dng tng ca hai

s hng: mt s hng tuyn tnh vi s gia ca bin s v mt s hng phi
tuyn vi s gia ca bin s
f = f(x+x) - f(x) = f(x) x +R(x)
khi cho x = dx s gia hm s, khi ch gi hai s hng, c vit di
f = f(x+x) - f(x) = f(x) dx + fdx2/2
dng
Phn chnh tuyn tnh vi dx trong biu thc s gia ca hm s c gi
l vi phn cp mt, k hiu dy, s hng th hai gi l vi phn cp hai
f = dy + d2y
iu kin cc tr ca hm s l vi phn cp mt bng khng, hay f = 0.
Cc i hay cc tiu c xt theo du ca vi phn cp hai, hoc f.
Tng t, s gia ca phim hm I cng c th c vit di dng tng
ca hai s hng: mt s hng tuyn tnh vi s gia ca i s, k hiu I,
v mt s hng phi tuyn vi s gia ca i s. Khi ly 2 s hng, c th
vit
f = I +2I
(2-29)
I gi l bin phn th nht ca phim hm,
2I gi l bin phn th hai ca phim hm.
1

Chng hn, xt phim hm I = y 2 dx

0

I = ( y + y ) 2 dx y 2 dx = 2 yydx + (y ) 2 dx

tch phn th nht l phn tuyn tnh v tch phn th hai l phn phi
tuyn i vi bin phn ca i s y.
Cc tr ca mt phim hm c hiu theo nh ngha sau:
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Phim hm I t cc tr vi i s y(x) = y0(x) nu vi mi hm y*(x) gn

I = I[y*(x)] - I[y(x)] 0
(cc tiu)
vi y0(x) ta u c
I = I[y*(x)] - I[y(x)] 0
(cc i ).
iu kin cc tr ca phim hm l bin phn th nht bng khng
I = 0
(2-30)
Cc i hay cc tiu c xt theo du ca bin phn th hai
2I < 0 cc i
2I > 0 cc tiu.
iu kin cc tr cng c gi l iu kin dng, hm y(x) tng ng vi
iu kin dng cng c gi l cc hm dng.
Cc iu kin dng c nghin cu trong Php tnh bin phn, theo
cc iu kin ny dn ti vic gii cc phng trnh vi phn m nghim l
cc hm dng. Cc phng trnh vi phn ph thuc dng ca phim hm
v c vit nh sau (cc phng trnh Euler hoc Euler-Ostrogradski):
xB

Phim hm mt i s

+ I [ y ] = F ( x, y, y ' )dx ,
xA

iu kin dng l

F d F
( )=0
y dx y '
xB

+ I [ y ] = F ( x, y, y ' , y ' '.., y ( n ) )dx ,

xA

iu kin dng l

d 2 F
d n F
F d F
) .... + (1) n n ( ( n ) ) = 0
( )+ 2 (
y dx y ' dx y ' '
dx y
xB

Phim hm nhiu i s + I [ y ] = F ( x, y1 , y 2 ,... y1 ' , y 2 ' ,..)dx

xA

iu kin dng l h phng trnh vi phn

Phim hm nhiu bin s + I [ y ] =

F d F
(
) = 0 i=1,2,..
y i dx y i '

x2 y 2 z 2

F ( x, y , z , f , f

'

)dxdydz

x1 y1 z1

iu kin dng l

F d F
d F
d F
( ) ( ) ( ) =0
f dx f ' dy f ' dz f '

Bi ton bin phn lin quan ti nguyn l nng lng cc tiu trong c
hc ni chung v trong l thuyt n hi ni ring.
2-14 Phng php trc tip gii bi ton bin phn
Ni dung ca cc phng php trc tip l: thay th vic gii cc phng
trnh vi phn Euler ca bi ton bin phn, ta s tm cch thit lp trc
tip cc iu kin cc tr ca phim hm kho st bng cch gi thit dng
ca cc hm dng.
Phng php Ritz-Timoshenko
Gi th cn tm cc tr ca phim hm I[y(x)].
n

Chn nghim di dng y ( x) = ai y i ( x)

(a)

i =1

vi ai l cc hng s tm thi cha xc nh, yi(x) l nhng hm s t

chn min l tho mn cc iu kin bin ca bi ton (nm trong min
23