Preacher and Hayes

1. Sobel test is to test single iv, single mediator and single dv

2. using syntax to test multiple ivs, single mediator and single dv
3. Multiple mediation to single iv , multiple mediator and single dv

In the first step, the dependent/criterion variable (overall customer

satisfaction) is regressed on the independent variable (i.e. the entire
dimensions of brand image benefits) was entered, followed by the moderator
variable (i.e. age) was entered and finally the interaction terms of the
independent variable and moderator variable (independent * moderating
variable) was entered.
Step (1) y = a + b1x, (regress iv(benefits ) and Dv (satisfaction)
Step (2) y = a + b1x + b2z, (Age)
Step (3) y = a + b1x + b2z + b3(x*z), (AGEXIVS)
Where y = dependent variable

a = intercept term

b = regression coefficient

x = independent variable

z = the moderator variable

x*z = the interaction of independent variable and moderating
variable
To examine the moderating effect of age on the relationship between brand
image benefits and customer satisfaction
First step is to create dummy for age
Age = young and mature
Dummy 0=young = 40 and less
1= mature = 41 and above
Second step you need mean center all of the IVs and DV

Valid
Missing

Mean

Symbolic
583
0
3.61

Functional
583
0
4.00

Social
583
0
3.66

Emotional
583
0
3.94

Satisfaction
583
0
3.97

Third step is to create Interaction Terms that is IVs x Moderator (age)

Model Summaryd
Model

Adjusted R

Std. Error of the

Square

Square

Estimate

Change Statistics
R Square

Change

Change

df1 df2

Sig. F
Change

.665a

.442

.438

.36729

.442

114.488

4 578

.000

.444

.439

.36705

.002

1.735

1 577

.188

.451

.442

.36592

.007

1.898

4 573

.109

.666

.672

a. Predictors: (Constant), Emocent, Funcent, Soccent, SYMCent

b. Predictors: (Constant), Emocent, Funcent, Soccent, SYMCent, Modage
c. Predictors: (Constant), Emocent, Funcent, Soccent, SYMCent, Modage, EMOXAGE, SYMXAGE,
FUNXAGE, SOCXAGE
d. Dependent Variable: Satcent

Model 1 sig: Model 2: Not sig : Model 3: not significant (no moderating
effect)

Model Summaryd
Model

Adjusted R

Std. Error of the

Square

Square

Estimate

Change Statistics
R Square

Change

Change

df1 df2

Sig. F
Change

.665a

.442

.438

.36729

.442

114.488

4 578

.000

.444

.439

.36705

.002

1.735

1 577

.188

.451

.442

.36592

.007

1.898

4 573

.0.00

.666

.672

a. Predictors: (Constant), Emocent, Funcent, Soccent, SYMCent

b. Predictors: (Constant), Emocent, Funcent, Soccent, SYMCent, Modage

Model 1 sig: Model 2: not sig : Model 3: significant ( Pure moderator)

Model Summaryd
Model

Adjusted R

Std. Error of the

Square

Square

Estimate

Change Statistics
R Square

Change

Change

df1 df2

Sig. F
Change

.665a

.442

.438

.36729

.442

114.488

4 578

.000

.444

.439

.36705

.002

1.735

1 577

.000

.451

.442

.36592

.007

1.898

4 573

.0.00

.666

.672

a. Predictors: (Constant), Emocent, Funcent, Soccent, SYMCent

b. Predictors: (Constant), Emocent, Funcent, Soccent, SYMCent, Modage

Model 1 sig: Model 2: significant : Model 3: significant (quasi moderator)

Once to have identified which ivs are significant
You need to plot the graph
And before plotting the graph you need to median split the IVS