parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:31 Page 1

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:32 Page 18

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:32 Page 20

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:32 Page 21

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:32 Page 22

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 23

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 24

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 25

1850 (1800-1867),
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 26

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 27

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 28

28

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 29

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 30

30

Firmamentum Sobiescianum 1690

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 31

,
(Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander, 17991875) 1843,
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 32

32

400
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Roque de los Muchachos
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, VLT (ESO).

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 33

33

NGC 1365 (FORS Team, 8.2-meter VLT Antu, ESO).

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 34

34

, I .

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 35

(1987) 4,2 m (1998) 3,5 m.
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 36

36

10 m.

NASA, ,
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 37

37

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 38

38

!

. ,
LBT ( Large Binocular Telescope), 2005.
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1989.

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 39

39

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 40

40

2003, ,
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 41

41

NGC 604 (A. Yang, UIUC, HST, NASA).

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 42

42

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 43

.

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Large Array)
. 27 VLA 25 m
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)

36 km.


VLBA
,
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. 1986
1993.

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 44

44

ALMA

Atacama
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Array). ALMA, , ,
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m 100 .
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 45

45

. 66
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km ,
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 46

46

ALMA (ALMA/ESO/NRAO/NAOJ).

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 47

47

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 48

48

2009 3
Chajnantor,

. ,

,
.
ALMA, 3
, QSO B1921-293.
APEX (Atacama Pathfinder Experiment),
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 49

49

, 8 ,
, ,
, Otto
Lore Chajnantor. , ,
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2011, ALMA 2012.
,
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Hubble
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 50

50

, ,
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IC
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(NASA/CXC/B.Gaensler, NASA/ROSAT/Asaoka & Aschenbach, NRC/DRAO/D.Leahy, NRAO/VLA, DSS).

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 51

,

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 52

52

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1978 1996,
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1992 .

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 53

53

,


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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 54

54

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 55

55

(NASA/STScI).

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2008, ,


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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 56

56

(NASA/ESA/Hubble SM4 ERO Team).

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 57

57

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 58

58
1993
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 59

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 73

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 76

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 80

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 82

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83

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 84

84

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 85

85

E-ELT VLT (ESO).

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 86

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 87

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 88

88

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 89

,
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 90

90

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 91

91

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 92

92

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:33 Page 93

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(NASA).

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 94

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 95

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 96

96

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 97

100 m (LHC) CERN

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 98

98

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 99

99

120 210
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 100

100

NESTOR
15


NESTOR (Neutrino Extended Submarine Telescope with Oceanographic
Research). 2003 NESTOR

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km) '
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() . '
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'

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 101

Raymond Davis Jr.

, 1.500 m . 100.000
. Davis


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2002.
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. , 2002,
asatoshi oshiba,

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( ).

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Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
,
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1969.
. ,
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, SN1987-, 1987
,
.
,
8, 11 . 19 .

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 102

102
11
13 sec,
8
6 sec. , 19

,
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ESTOR
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ESTOR : ,
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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 103

103

1609
1611
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1675
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1845
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1897
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1976 6 m
1989 () (ESO)
1990
1992 10 m
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1999
2001 VLT
2001 WMAP
2003
2006 COROT
2009

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 104

104

. m.

10,4

2009

9,8

1991

II

9,8

1996

VLT (4 X 8,2 m.)

,
,

16,4

2001

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Telescope)
-

9,2

2005

,
,

9,2

1997

Large Binocular Telescope

2x8,4

1997

,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,

8,3

1999

8,2

1998

8,2

1999

8,2

2000

8,2

2001

8,1

1999

8,1

2001

MMT

6,5

1994

6,5

2000

6,5

2002

LZT

6,1

2003

6,0

1976

VLT 1 (Antu)
VLT 2 (Kueyen)
VLT 3 (Melipal)
VLT 4

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 105

105

. m.

Arecibo Observatory (NSF-Cornell)

305

ATCA

6 X 22 m.

Effelsberg Radio Observatory (Max Planck Institute)

100

Green Bank Telescope (1999)

100

LMT

50

Millimeter Array

36 6 m

NRAO Very Large Array

27 X 25 m.

Jodrell Bank (Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratory)

76

Parkes Radio Telescope

64

Very Long Baseline Array

10 X 25 m.

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 106

106

SAS-1 (Uhuru)

1970

OAO-3

1972

SAS-2

1972

SAS-3

1975

HEAO-1

1977

IUE

1978

HEAO-2 Einstein

1978

HEAO-3

1979

EXOSAT

1983

IRAS

--

1983

GINGA

1987

COBE

1989

HIPPARCOS

1989

GRO Compton

(G.O.)

1991

GAMMA

1990

HUBBLE

(GO)

1990

ROSAT

1990

SOHO

1995

EUVE

1992

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 107

107

ASCA

1993

ASTRO-D

1993

ISO

1995

RXTE

1995

XTE

1996

AXAF-Chandra

(G.O.)

1999

FUSE

1999

XMM-Newton

1999

SOFIA

2000

WMAP

2001

INTEGRAL

--

2002

GALEX

2003

SIRTF-SPITZER

(G.O.)

2003

SWIFT

& ,

2004

COROT

2006

KEPLER

2009

HERSCHEL

2009

PLANCK

2009

WISE

2009

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parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 110

110

post-production video supervisor

ARIADNE MACKINNON-ANDREW

&

&

graphic design

i-Werks

parathura NEW_parathira NEW 21/2/2011 9:34 Page 111

111

computer graphics & 3D animation services

ART FX

CARNEGIE SCIENCE CENTER

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
DANIEL M. SOREF PLANETARIUM
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
EUROPEAN SOUTHERN OBSERVATORY
Munchen, Germany
EVANS & SUTHERLAND
Salt Lake City, Utah
IMILOA ASTRONOMY CENTER OF HAWAII
Hilo, Hawaii
INTERSTELLAR STUDIOS
Chico, California

MIRAGE 3D
Hague, Netherlands
NATIONAL SPACE CENTER
Leicester, United Kingdom
post-production video services

post-production audio services
STARGAZER AUDIO

EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
&
SKY-SKAN DEFINITI
EVANS & SUTHERLAND DIGISTAR 3
FULLDOME 360

2011

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& : &