Analysis of AC Circuits

Example 1: Determine the node voltages, v1 ( t ) and v 2 ( t ) , and the mesh currents, i1 ( t ) and

i 2 ( t ) , for this circuit.

Example 2: In this circuit, the node voltages are

v1 ( t ) = 3.318cos (10 t 39.3 ) V and v 2 ( t ) = 4.452 cos (10 t 12.7 ) V ,

and the mesh currents are

i1 ( t ) = 0.4319 cos (10 t 25.9 ) A and i 2 ( t ) = 0.2099cos (10 t 57.7 ) A .

Determine the values of the resistances, inductances and capacitances.

Solutions
Example 1: Represent the circuit in the frequency domain using impedances and phasors:

where

1
j (10 )( 0.005)
15 ( j 20 )
Z2 =
=
= 9.6 j 7.2
1
15
j
20

15 +
j (10 )( 0.005 )
15

Z 1 = 30 + j (10 )( 2 ) = 30 + j 20 ,

Z 3 = j (10 )( 4 ) +

1
= j10 and
j (10 )( 0.002 )

Z4 =

( 30 ) j (10 )( 3) = 15 + j 15
30 + j (10 )( 3)

The node equations are

180 V1
Z1

V1
Z2

V1 V2
Z3
V1 V2
Z3

(Z

V2
Z4

Z 2 + Z 1 Z 3 + Z 2 Z 3 ) V1 Z 1 Z 2 V2 = Z 2 Z 3 (180 )

Z 4 V1 + ( Z 3 + Z 4 ) V2 = 0

Substituting the values of the impedances and writing the equations in matrix form gives

560 j 420 432 + j 24 V1 1296 j1728

=
15 j15

15 + j5 V 2
0

Solving, for example using MATLAB, we get

V1 = 3.318 39.3 V and V 2 = 4.452 12.7 V

Back in the time domain, the node voltages are

v1 ( t ) = 3.318cos (10 t 39.3 ) V and v 2 ( t ) = 4.452 cos (10 t 12.7 ) V

The mesh equations are

Z 1 I 1 + Z 2 ( I 1 I 2 ) 180 = 0

(Z

+ Z 2 ) I 1 Z 2 I 2 = 180

Z 3 I 2 + Z 4 I 2 Z 2 (I 1 I 2 ) = 0 Z 2 I 1 + (Z 2 + Z 3 + Z 4 ) I 2 = 0

Substituting the values of the impedances and writing the equations in matrix form gives

39.6 j12.8 9.6 + j 7.2 I 1 18

9.6 + j 7.2 24.6 j 2.2 I = 0

2
Solving, for example using MATLAB, we get
I 1 = 0.4319 25.9 A and I 2 = 0.2099 57.7 A

Back in the time domain, the mesh currents are

i1 ( t ) = 0.4319 cos (10 t 25.9 ) A and i 2 ( t ) = 0.2099cos (10 t 57.7 ) A

Example 2: Represent the circuit in the frequency domain using impedances and phasors:

where
Z 1 = R1 + j L1 ,

Z 3 = j L2 +

1
1
= Y2 =
+ j C1
R2
Z2

1
1
= j L2
and

j C2

C
2

1
1
1
1
1
= Y4 =
+
=
j
R3 j L3 R3
L3
Z4

and where
V1 = 3.318 39.3 V , V 2 = 4.452 12.7 V
I 1 = 0.4319 25.9 A and I 2 = 0.2099 57.7 A

Recalling that = 10 rad/s, we have

R1 + j 10 L1 = Z 1 =

180 V1
I1

180 3.318 39.3

= 30 + j 20
0.4319 25.9

V2
1
4.452 12.7
+ j 10 C1 = Y2 =
=
= 0.0667 + j 0.05 S
I 1 I 2 0.4319 25.9 0.2099 57.7
R2

V1 V 2 3.318 39.3 4.452 12.7

1
j 10 L 2
= Z3 =
=
= j 10

10 C 2
0.2099 57.7
I2

Consequently:

I 2 0.2099 57.7
1
1
j
= Y4 =
=
= 0.0333 j 0.0333 S
V2
R3
10 L3
4.452 12.7
R1 = 30 , L1 =

10 L 2

20
1
0.05
= 15 , C 1 =
= 2 H , R2 =
= 5 mF ,
10
0.0667
10

1
1
1
1 = 4 H ,
= 10 L 2 + 1 =
, e.g. C 2 = 2 mF and L 2 =
10 C 2
100 C 2
100 ( 0.002 )
R3 =

1
1
=3H
= 30 and L3 =
0.0333
(10 ) 0.0333