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Durathon Battery: Application Guide For E4810 and E4815 Batteries
Durathon Battery: Application Guide For E4810 and E4815 Batteries
Durathon Battery
*
GE imagination at work
Durathon Battery Application Guide: E4810 and E4815 Batteries 1
Table of Contents
1.0 Features
1
1
Climate Conditions
Capacity
Environmental Stewardship
2
2
4
5
7
10
10
Effects on Charge/Discharge
Cycle (CDC) Operation
10
6.0 Operations
11
11
13
14
14
Performance Monitoring
14
Communications
15
8.0 Addendum
Daily or Throughput Energy
16
17
1.0 Features
Aging and cycle life
Capacity footprint
Environmental stewardship
Durathon Batteries do not release hydrogen or other
flammable gasses during normal operation. The
electrochemistry is comprised of abundantly available
materials such as salt, nickel and iron. Durathon
Batteries are recyclable at end of life through GEauthorized recycling partners.
Climate conditions
The Durathon Battery offers high performance over
a wide range of temperatures1 (-40C to 65C) and
functions effectively at elevations up to 3,000 meters
without the need and added expense of cooling or
heating infrastructure.
2NaCl + Ni
2.58 V/46 Ah
(discharged)
NiCl + 2 Na
(charged)
Positive
terminal
Cathode
Ceramic
electrolyte
Anode
Outer Case
Outer case
Thermal insulation
Lead Acid
Capacity (Ah)
Operating potential (V)
Theoretical energy (kWh)
Usable capacity (%)
Usable capacity (kWh)
300
50.4
15.1
50%
7.56
600
50.4
30.2
50%
15.12
Durathon
Battery
E4810
Durathon
Battery
E4815
184
54.2
10.0
80%
8.0
276
54.2
15.0
80%
12.0
GE Energy Storage has used this distinction of kilowatt hours to differentiate between the two current Durathon
Battery offerings for telecom applications the E4810 and the E4815.
Deep Discharge
Min
Max
Max
1.2 kW
1.75 kW 2
2.8 kW 3
Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the cycle curves of the E4810 Durathon Battery.
SOC %
100
80
60
40
20
0
Current (A)
50
0
-50
-100
-150
Potential (V)
57
55
53
51
49
47
0
2
3
10
11
12
13
14
Time (hrs)
30% range
FIGURE 5_1.8kW
C/2 rate, 60% DOD, 10 hour recharge time
100
15
16
17
18
19
20
49
47
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time (hrs)
FIGURE 5_1.8kW
SOC %
100
80
60
40
20
0
Current (A)
50
0
-50
-100
-150
57
Potential (V)
55
53
51
49
47
45
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Time (hrs)
Deep Discharge
Min
Max
Max
1.2 kW
2.6 kW 4
4.28 kW 5
Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the cycle curves of the E4815 Durathon Battery.
SOC %
100
80
60
40
20
0
60
Current (A)
20
-20
-60
-100
-140
-180
Potential (V)
57
55
53
51
49
47
0
4
5
10
11
12
13
14
Time (hrs)
30% range
FIGURE 7_2.6kW
C/2 rate, 60% DOD, 10 hour recharge time
100
7 Durathon
Battery Application Guide: E4810 and E4815 Batteries
80
60
15
16
17
18
19
20
49
47
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time (hrs)
FIGURE 7_2.6kW
SOC %
100
80
60
40
20
0
Current (A)
60
20
-20
-60
-100
-140
-180
57
Potential (V)
55
53
51
49
47
45
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Time (hrs)
300 W heater
Sealed
inner case
Sealed
outer case
BMS
6.0 Operations
The primary considerations regarding which version of the Durathon Battery should be used are site load and
application.
Sample calculation
Number of Durathon Batteries required =
[DC Load(A)] [Bus Potential(V)] Autonomy Hours
[Usable Capacity(kWh) 80% recommended DOD
Load (kW)
.8
1.0
1.5
1.6
2.0
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.2
4.5
5.0
5.5
5.6
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.4
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
E4810 (# of modules)
1
10.8
8.7
5.8
5.4
3.8
2.6
2.0
10.8
8.7
7.0
6.2
5.8
4.8
3.8
3.6
3.1
2.6
2.2
2.0
10.4
9.4
8.7
7.5
6.5
6.2
5.8
5.2
4.3
4.2
3.8
3.3
2.8
2.5
2.3
2.0
E4815 (# of modules)
1
15.7
12.9
8.7
8.2
6.5
5.2
4.0
3.8
2.8
2.3
2.0
15.7
12.9
10.4
9.4
8.7
7.5
6.5
6.2
5.8
5.2
4.3
4.2
3.8
3.3
2.8
2.5
2.3
2.0
15.2
13.7
12.9
11.2
9.8
9.4
8.7
7.9
7.1
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.2
4.8
4.5
4.4
3.7
3.3
3.2
Site Load (kW)
1
1.5
2.5 2.7
3.5 4 4.5
10 2
1
1 1
1
11 2
2
1 1
1
Small DG & big
12 2
2
2 2
1
load combination
13 2
2
2 2
2
14 2
2
2 2
2
15 3
2
2 2
2 2
16 3
3
2 2
2 2
17 3
3
3 2
2 2
2
18 3
3
3 3
3 3
2 2
19 3
3
3 3
3 3
3 2 2
20 4
3
3 3
3 3
3 3 2 2
21 4
4
3 3
3 3
3 3 3 3
22 4
4
4 3
3 3
3 3 3 3
23 4
4
4 4
4 3
3 3 3 3
24 4
4
4 4
4 4
4 3 3 3
25 4
4
4 4
4 4
4 4 3 3
26 5
4
4 4
4 4
4 4 4 3
27 5
5
5 4
4 4
4 4 4 4
28 5
5
5 5
5 4
4 4 4 4
29 5
5
5 5
5 5
4 4 4 4
30 5
5
5 5
5 5
5 5 4 4
DG Size (kVA)
Measurements
Performance monitoring
The Durathon BMS provides a complete and ongoing
picture of the Durathon Batterys performance
over time as well. From the moment the battery is
commissioned, the Durathon BMS begins to provide
vital measurements and diagnostic information to
the end user. Table 6 illustrates the performance
measurements, calculations and diagnostics that are
available through the Durathon BMS.
Calculations
Diagnostics
Battery current
Heater current
String voltage
Battery voltage
Battery temperature
Battery resistance
Communications
Table 7 outlines the various ways that the Durathon BMS is able to communicate operational information.
Locally
LED status light
The BMS uses a LED status light display to confirm normal operation
or signify a fault condition.
Remotely
When configured using the RS485 Modbus, the Durathon BMS can
provide the following data:
Battery current
RS485 Modbus
Battery voltage
DC bus voltage
State of charge (SOC)
Battery temperature
Fault data
Generator remote start
Digital outputs
8.0 Addendum
22. Cycles:
The batterys number of daily cycles is the number of times the battery charges and
discharges. If the sole power source is a generator, then the batterys maximum number
of daily cycles is directly related to the number of generator starts.
Battery voltage
57.0
56.5
56.0
55.5
55.0
54.5
54.0
53.5
53.0
52.5
52.0
51.5
51.0
50.5
50.0
49.5
49.0
48.5
48.0
47.5
47.0
46.5
46.0
A
I
H
16:00
15:30
15:00
14:30
14:00
13:30
13:00
12:30
12:00
11:30
11:00
10:30
9:30
10:00
9:00
8:30
8:00
7:30
7:00
6:30
6:00
5:30
5:00
4:30
4:00
3:30
3:00
2:30
2:00
1:30
1:00
0:30
0:00
SOC (%)
SOC percent
Time (hh:mm)
A. Discharge starts at 100% SOC; T = 0
B. Discharge starts at 75% SOC; T = 1:49
C. Discharge starts/ends at 50% SOC; T = 3:42
D. Charge starts at 25% SOC; T = 5:30
E. Discharge ENDS/Charge starts at 8% SOC; T = 6:41
F. Charge starts at 25% SOC; T = 7:07
G. Charge starts/ends at 50% SOC; T = 8:06
H. Charge ends at 75% SOC; T = 9:39
I. Charge ends at 100% SOC; T = 13:29
The points from the graph can also be placed in a table (Table 8) and used to calculate power availability, cycles,
daily energy and the new concept of the discharge-to-charge ratio.
Range
100% to 8%
75% to 25%
75% to 50%
50% to 25%
Discharge
Discharge time
reference points
A to E
B to D
B to C
C to D
(hours)
Charge reference
points
Charge time
(hours)
6.68
3.68
1.88
1.80
E to J
F to H
G to H
F to G
6.80
2.53
1.55
0.98
Power
Cycles
availability
(hours)
per day
Daily energy
(kWh)
0.00
1.18
2.98
1.18
1.8
3.9
7.0
8.6
0.98
1.45
1.22
1.83
15.5
18.5
17.1
20.2
Table 8. Calculations for power availability, cycles, daily energy and CDC ratio
1 Power availability:
The amount of time it would take to get to 8% SOC. If the Durathon Battery was
operating in a 50% to 25% SOC range and the generator was unable to start when the
battery was at 25% SOC, there would be 1.18 hours of power availability before the
battery gets to 8% SOC (which is the point of low-voltage disconnect).
Power Availability (hours) = Tend SOC T8% SOC
There are two ways to calculate the daily discharge time based on the information in Table 8.
11. Using the cycles per day and discharge time per cycle:
Discharge time per day = discharge time per cycle x cycles per day
The implications of these parameters are that CDC operation can be optimized by examining:
1. Cycles per day
2. Ratio (discharge-charge)
3. Power availability
Using Tables 9 to 12 below for module size and load, the desired cyclic range or PSOC range can be chosen for
any given site.
For example, if an E4810 Durathon Battery supporting a 1.0 kW load was operated in a 80-20% SOC range, the
results would be:
2.5 cycles per day
A 1.57 to 1 discharge-to-charge ratio
Having 1.07 hours of capacity at the end of the discharge cycle
Daily energy throughput could then be calculated:
Daily energy (kWh)
= 14.7 kWh
Top SOC
80
70
Bottom SOC
60
50
40
30
20
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
15.5
2.07
7.9
1.89
5.2
1.78
3.9
1.70
3.1
1.62
2.5
1.57
70
60
50
Power Availability
40
30
5.87
15.6
2.12
8.0
1.98
5.3
1.88
3.9
1.80
3.2
1.73
4.97
15.5
2.15
8.1
2.02
5.4
1.94
4.1
1.87
3.94
15.6
2.20
8.1
2.05
5.4
1.98
2.95
15.6
2.20
8.1
2.08
1.99
17.2
1.97
70
Bottom SOC
60
50
40
30
20
70
60
50
cycles
21.5
ratio
1.16
cycles
10.8
21.7
ratio
1.10
1.19
cycles
7.1
11.0
21.7
ratio
1.01
1.13
1.24
cycles
5.3
7.3
11.2
22.0
ratio
0.98
1.08
1.16
1.24
cycles
4.2
0.94
3.5
0.92
5.5
1.05
4.4
1.03
7.5
1.14
5.7
1.11
11.4
1.20
7.7
1.18
ratio
cycles
ratio
1.07
Top SOC
80
(Time to 8%)
Power Availability
40
30
(Time to 8%)
3.37
2.77
2.22
1.67
21.7
1.24
12.1
1.17
1.13
25.0
1.22
0.60
Note: If multiple batteries are used, ratios will change by that same factor (assuming charging capacity is available). For
example, if the ratio is 2:1 then adding a second battery would make the ratio 4:1; three batteries would be 6:1, and so on.
Top SOC
80
70
Bottom SOC
60
50
40
30
20
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
15.4
2.10
7.8
1.91
5.2
1.80
3.8
1.71
3.0
1.63
2.5
1.58
70
60
50
Power Availability
40
30
(Time to 8%)
5.92
15.5
2.15
8.0
1.99
5.3
1.89
3.9
1.80
3.2
1.74
4.99
15.6
2.12
8.0
2.05
5.4
1.96
4.0
1.88
3.95
15.5
2.23
8.0
2.07
5.4
2.00
2.96
15.7
2.18
8.1
2.08
1.99
17.2
1.97
1.07
Top SOC
80
70
Bottom SOC
60
50
40
30
20
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
cycles
ratio
21.3
1.19
10.8
1.09
7.1
1.04
5.3
0.99
4.2
0.97
3.5
0.95
70
60
50
Power Availability
40
30
(Time to 8%)
3.42
21.5
1.21
11.0
1.14
7.4
1.11
5.5
1.07
4.4
1.05
2.81
21.5
1.21
11.2
1.20
7.6
1.16
5.7
1.13
2.24
21.7
1.24
11.4
1.23
7.7
1.19
1.69
22.0
1.28
12.1
1.20
1.14
19.2
0.73
0.61
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