Chapter 4 Procaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea Building Your Knowledge 1) What were the first cells on Earth? AR Cynen Backenia Which modern cells do they most closely resemble (Archaea/Bacteria/Eukarya)? Lu tanya When did these first cells appear? BY bution Yes Ao 2) Appendages serve two generalized functions for bacteria. What are they? ATlacymen? § Dua Excil GE 3) Label the following diagram of a procaryotic cell. Circle the structures found in ALL bacteria and underline those found in MOST bacteria. -24-4) Draw a bacillus with the following flagellar arrangements. a. peritrichous = ©. monotrichous ’. lophotrichous dd. amphitrichous Oe ~ 9) What is peptidoglycan and where is it found in bacterial cells? , Lyte PEPT cans nace Glucore Aniny Aci Polymees foeming THE si DOA A Trenne CELL Wile. How are the actions of lysozyme and penicillin similar? BoTH /TEms Hypho ly 2E Te bones of THE Gly caw ‘hans op twit oP THE 10) What is an Acid-fast stain used for? cece waee . Acio- Fast slaw is usse Fok wany Bacher LIK€ TeBRCWLOS 13 day - Which species of bacteria are Acid-fast? AEPRaSy, 11) Why do mycoplasmal cell membranes contain higher levels of sterol molecules? coplasm Donel CONTHW 8 CELL wath THE STE % Siabili ge THe EMBRAVE NG AiWST DuRsTW ¢ 12). How's are L-forms and lds My eee Letorms BacTéhin cad loote THER CELL Wall Amp BECome 4 Pholoplasy, What is the difference between a spheroplast and a protoplast? A Gam (-) Baciéaia caw boost Ts CELL Wall RE TAWing Mhouleg, C€Kt menBaade, PhoTodtasTs ake — Gaim (+) BacTenin THAT hog I queie. EwTiee -Cécrwate, °°13)List and describe four separate functions of bacterial cell membranes. a Lee Taree Frac essile, ». Gotninipiied for DMA Sywi pss «. Skar-lekmedyace ménpaawe (osme5’'s) d. Machy mockcuté TheontbokT 14) There are two structures made of DNA in the bacterial cell. Which is larger and contains essential genes? at} 2omosome ) Which genes are commonly found on plasmids? 7 Aw Brodie Besstan7 Gbwes 4 SEX Piltus GEWE 15) What are the functions of ribosomes and where are ribosomes found? Runosemts FuncTion AS THE SynTHG)S CWT lysT 817E Fok. Poly PEP rin€. SywTHEsrs, THESE Suscttcut ia Bovis nat Fauna ToRu GA 607 16) What are inclusion bodies? 7/8 (70. pts n_ WM elusiony Bonrés Aaé sTatAge Vessicle S 17) What isan endospore?” EDos Pate #26 DotnanT RESTING (B0Br€5, _ ‘Why is it an advantage for bacteria to have them? T#€y RESIST HORSH EMM Ron MECV] S Name 2 bacteria that form endospores. CZos7/tiorum Bathe gS Are endospores used for reproduction? Explain your answer. Mo— Euoosponts Fok Faun # PantaT Vést Teint CELe 18) What two factors most determing a.bacterial cell's shape? _— CELL WAtl; CyTos ELE Ton/ SYS/Em 19) List the three most commonly seén bacterial cell shapes. a. _ Rop SHAPE - BacerLtus b. _ Roun ~ Cocct . _Cuavio - Spirent i SPiRitLum 20): raw the following arrangements of bacterial cells. diplococci CO Streptococci (GBA a0 staphylococci Be palisades és x 21) Why are classification schemes important to microbiologists? Give two reasons. -26-22) Why are descriptive traits like Gram stain characteristic and cell shape alone not enough to classify microbes? Epintawials Bott STapnytoccocus Curéus / SinenptoceocusGaam STAW PosiTivk. Hywéver, only S aursus paopuct LyT'c BAYIMES To B2EAR Mumad RE Blood CeLes APART 23) What gee sequences ae used compere and classify different species? Why are these sequences ? Risesemer Rut GEMS Coping For rRNA jwoteaTe REtATEMESS 10/ Aucestay BEuCvEeW/ Aho WiTein Bachérinc Species, Rigosame TEWD To 88 Wok STAbL% WER LONE, Time “Eris Tape Did PLOWE, - 24) What is the definitive published source for bacterial classification? 3 6 6¢ $ wlmatua 25) The current edition of Bergeys’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology separates bacteria based on differences in_ Pewolypic WeaiJe _. The four major divisions listed are: a SHAPE b. _Cuttuaal Bit NAviogh « _ Bécrem icone BénTion a _RWA ofc 26) Which system or phylogeny-based) to medical microbiologists commonly use to identify bacteria in clinical samples? Why? - Jhewerypic Tamits 16 wsed due To THER EASY conetclEat enon’ Somme — oF mickohabes By THER Relalentss, 27) What is a strain of bacteria? - A Slenie/oF Bacjenior 186 @ clongl DESCEMDAMS Flan a Comms! AA 65To4, Are two strains of E.coli of the same species? DEvip7ian/. Fram a Commer’ Aaces7on, wrt RESULT IW Di FF ERENT STH4S OF b.coty 28)Can you grow obligate intracellular parasites on general media agar plate? Why or Why not? Wwrescellutan PAAAs Tes kine€ kus Rbguied A Wosl CEL A/D CAW WoT FC GRA On AERA. 29) Name 2 bacterial obligate intracellular parasites and the diseases they cause. a Yihus Spey Pox v. Kicker Isis — Rocky Mees’ SPT (¢0 FEVER, . 30) How are cyanobacteria and Green & Purple sulfur bacteria similar? Bo7t ARE Piolagywiiéle Bac7ERR Which group produces oxygen? cy AMeBACTERAY PRoeowée OL -27-31) What are myxobacteria and why are they different from most bacteria? THESE 426 Glivid 6 Baclttia TWA Sulnhm Toeerute Furnas AEpRwve Tre FeuTiwe Gevies— MAKi iy SPekes , 32) Of the three domains, which two ate procaryotic? a. __ ARCHAEA b Eukdiyg Which procaryotic domain is most closely related to eucaryotes? ARcHNE - Which members of Domain Archaea would you expect to see in the Dead Sea? Axcynen 33) What are the 3 major groups of Archaea, as determined by tRNA sequences? a. __ METMANOGEN S b. __ AAloPpnes Psycweo, pues Organizing Your Knowledge Please make an X corresponding to the nature of each trait listed below. Structure Location Function Capsule External Flagella Entire Cell Environmentally Resistant Form ‘Actin cytoskeleton Extemal "| Adhesion Inclusions Translation (protein synthesis) Cell wall -28-[ Trait Microscopic (Requires Macroscopic (Naked Eye) microscope) bacterial cell shape x colony size colony shape speed of colony growth Gram stain [cell arrangement flagellar arrangement capsule endospores slime layers colony color i Phebe ks Practicing Your Knowledge 1. A capsule is used by bacterial cells for all of 5, A flagellated bacterial cell moving toward a the following EXCEPT: Jconjugation food source will __. a. make a straight line right for the . protection against phagocytes food c. adhering to surfaces d. formation of biofilms b. tumble more than it runs. more than tumble d. shed its flagella and move with its 2. Which of the following statements is slime layer FALSE, concerning bacterial cell walls? a. they have peptidoglycan 6. Ifyou gram-stain a culture and see purple they give cells their shape circles arranged in chains, you would call Qirey protect the cell from hypertonic them: ysis a. Gram negative bacilli d, they are the target of penicillin b. Gram positive staphylococci action c. Gram negative staphylococci (@Gram positive streptococel 3. A flagellum is used by a bacterial cell for: a. adhesion 7. Bacteria are taxonomically classified by_. b. structural support ‘a, cell shape ¢. protein synthesis @D:RNA sequence similarity motility 4, Archaeabacteria include. ‘a. many human pathogens %. mechanism of mobility d. colony morphology b. mostly flagellated bacteria ©extremophiles all of the Gram negative bacterial species -29-8. Bacterial plasmids will likely carry all of the following genes EXCEPT: a. the gene to use a different sugar source b. antibiotic resistance genes O genes for the proteins required in ‘metabolism d. all of these are commonly seen on. plasmids 9. Which of the following structures is NOT found in the cell envelope of a bacterial cell? glycocalyx 10. If'a bacterial cell lost its ribosomes, it would no longer be able to__. @ produce proteins ’b. produce DNA c. produce lipids d. produce a flagella 1. Which of the following bacteria are photosynthetic? @yanobacteria B. Chlamydia c. Pseudomonas 4. Treponema 12. Gram positive cell walls __. a. contain LPS @ have a thick layer of peptidoglycan . have porins 4. have an outer membrane 13. Smooth, encapsulated bacteria are generally less pathogenic than are rough bacterial strains. a. True @. False 14, Which group of bacteria have periplasmic flagella? Orit cocci c. vibrio 4. spirochetes 15, Endospores are used by some bacterial species to reproduce. a. True OfalseGlycocalyx—A coating or layer Fimbriae—Fine, hairke bristles extending of molecules external to the cell wall. It from the cell surface that help in serves protective, adhesive, and receptor adhesion to other cells and surfaces. functions. Ree Gis es Inclusion/Granule—Stored nutrients t, OF n a n be A . hollow. Somer Eee es eerie tee Flagellum—Specialized appendage attache: ed to the cell by a basal body that holds along, | aac eter hs ea eae 5 cell forward and provides motility. — Endospore—Dormant body formed ‘within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditions (not shown). AQ Structure of a Procaryotic Cell Figure 4.1sururuny unuefuog se Bumystqnd “2uy “woneonpy vosweag F007 @ WSEAS eeyquiy eueiquiew ewseid HEM }19D Base seajonN auesquioU BUISe|g HEM 1195, sewosoqiy uolsnjou wsejdov9 ‘saampnays jea1dAq Sumoys }J29 WOAIPyO.d y :9°p aaNS1y