BENVENGUDA A LA

LENGUA OCCITANA

By Dvid Uhlr

I/ The Occitan language:

Our language is mainly spoken in France where it is not officialized in spite of a huge
number of claims from its speakers. It is also spoken in Italy (las Valadas) and Spain
(Val d'Aran), where it has an official status. The word Occitan, already in use more than
700 years ago, comes from "c" (mainly pron. []) which means "yes" in our language.
Currently it is difficult to know its exact number of speakers but it's worth noting that
Occitan was THE European language in the Middle Ages (remember the Trobadors).
Nowadays, lots of people try to protect the original language of Occitnia but the harm's
already done: like other languages of the french State, Occitan is very endangered. I
hope this modest page (my modest contribution to a Country I love) will bring its small
brick to the wall of survival of la polida lenga nstra. Never forget before learning our
language that, despite what claims France to make a fool of us, Occitan is not a dialect
or a patois of French; it is a true language with its own rules; a language written and
sung much before French (French is nothing more than le patois du roi (the king's
dialect) itself)
Why should someone learn Occitan?
The first masterpieces of the european litterature come mainly from the Trobadors.
Knowing their language can help the reading of these texts and the penetration of their
culture. Nowadays Occitan is spoken, above all in France, by speakers who are often
ashamed of speaking their own language because of french educational system. If you
know France you have certainly noticed that speakers from the South speak French with
an "accent". This accent is caused by the Occitan substratum. If you come to them and
show Occitan is not a contagious disease, it will help our language to recover its rights
in its Country. Moreover, because of its roots, Occitan can be an excellent bridge to
those who want to learn easily Spanish, Catalan, Italian, French or Portuguese. Some
claim (and justly!) that it is easier to shade one's thoughts in Occitan than in any other
european language: Occitan has more than 160,000 words (French: about 40,000).
Where is spoken Occitan? Which dialects*?
Occitan is spoken in the South of the french State (Migjorn de la Frana = French
Midi). We now call this linguistic area Occitnia. Occitnia has 13 million inhabitants
and its surface area is 190,000 km2.

Occitan's closest language is obviously Catalan. Lots of linguists even consider that
Occitan and Catalan are the same language. Occitan is closer to Catalan, Spanish,
Portuguese and Italian than French.
*The word 'dialect' means here 'linguistic variant of a language'. It has not the racist
meaning used in France, where 'dialect' means Untersprache=everything which is not
French... Provenal is a dialect of Occitan the same way US English or Cockney are
dialects of standard English.
The main dialects are:
o
o

Southern Occitan: Gascon, Languedocian, Provenal.

Nothern Occitan: Limousin dialect, Auvergne dialect, Alpine Provenal.

It is already essential to point out the fact that there is no dominant dialect. Each dialect
is Occitan and the intercomprehension between each dialect is good (even with
Catalan). The dialect we will learn here is Languedocian. This dialect is the most
conservative among Occitan dialects and is thus the best bridge to the other dialects. See
in chap. VI examples of texts in different dialects.

To see the main characteristics of each Occitan dialect click here.

To know more about occitanism click here.
To know more about Provence click here.

Que vstra volontat nos ajude a salvar nstres mots

II/ The pronounciation of Languedocian:

To present the basic pronounciation of the Lengadc's Occitan I will make comparisons
with the closest latin languages: Spanish, Catalan and French. I'll also try to give an
English approximate pronunciation, when it's possible...

Vowels:

Letter

Pronounciation

A (beginning or in a word);

French, Spanish papa

~English butter

A (end of a word); ;

Fr and Catalan port

Eng John

E,

Fr march, Spa de

Fr aprs, Cat fet, Ger Mdchen,

Eng get

O,

Fr Toulouse, German Mutter, Eng

fool

I,

Fr souris, Eng kill

U,

Fr Lune, Ger fr

Consonants:

Letter

Pronounciation

Letter

Pronounciation

B,V (beg. of a word)

Spa botella,
vino

R(beginning
of a word);
RR

Spa ratn,
tierra, It terra

Eng beer
B, V (in a word)

Spa hubo, uva

R(in a word) Spa pero, It per

C(in front of a,o,u);

QU

Eng kill

R (end of a
word)

Isn't pronounced

C(in front of e,i); ; S;

SC; SS

Spa salir

Fr tante, Eng tell

Spa dedo

Eng exam

Fr zro, Eng zoo

LH

Spa botella, Cat

lluna, Italian
famiglia, Eng
Million

NH

Spa nio, Eng

Kenya

TZ

Ger zuviel,
Hebrew kibbuts

GN

It anno

Eng salt

Eng daddy
F

Fra fils
Eng film

G(in front a,o,u);

GU(in front e,i)

Spa garganta

G(in front of e,i), J

Eng John

Eng get

G(end of a word); TG; Spa mucho, Cat

TJ; CH
freig, Eng
church
L

Fr Lune, Eng
link

Eng mother

N; M (end of a word);
MP

Fr nez, Eng
nose

Fr papa, Eng
put

The Occitan alphabet is:

A, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, x, z.
Note the absence of 3 letters: k (replaced by c or qu), w (replaced by v or o), y (replaced
by i).

The tonic stress in Occitan:

Words which end by a vowel, an s or an n(only in conjugation): stress on the

last but one syllable
Words which end by a consonant (but s) or a diphthong: stress on the last
syllable
The exceptions wear a written accent on the stressed syllable.

Examples:
La mecanica; destriar; culher; cantan; pens; gaton.

How to write special letters?

Just type on your keyboard ALT, keep pressed this key and type the following numbers.
When you release the ALT key the letter will appear.

0225

0233 0237 0243 0250

0224

0232

0193

0201 0205 0211

0192

0200

0231

0242

0210

Some distinctive features of each Occitan dialects

0218

0199

-Lengadocian:
It is the most conservative dialect and that's the reason why it became the root of standard normalized
Occitan. Like in Spanish and Catalan, V is pronounced B. Vida is pronounced [bido].
In Southern Lengadocian final -CH becomes -IT. Hence fach (done) becomes fait.
Eastern Lengadocian is really close to Provenal.

-Provenal:
It became differentiated from Lengadocian in the XVI Century only. This may explain why in nowadays
English the word Provenal is used instead of Occitan to name our language.
Provenal is a famous dialect thanks to the fabulous work of Provenal poets such as Frederic Mistral.
Mistral (Nobel Prize in Litterature) wrote an incredible number of masterpieces in his own dialect (the
Southern Rhone dialect), by means of a special spelling (grfia mistralenca). This spelling is not that far
from standardized Occitan and is the one used to write places' names in Provence (Aix-en-Provence is
written Ais-de-Provena in normalized Occitan and Ais-de-Prouvno in Mistralian).
V is pronounced V. Vida is pronounced [vido] or [vid].
Final -L and -LH become -U. Provenal becomes Provenau [Proovenssaw]; cl (sky) is cu.
R is not rolled; it is mainly pronounced the French (Parisian) way.
Final consonants are not pronounced. Parlar (to speak), parlat (spoken) are pronounced [parl].
Numerous nasalization: pan (bread) is [p].
Open o () often diphthongizes in [w], everywhere but in the Rhone region. Bn (good) is pronounced
[bwn].
1st person of singular in present tense is -e in the Rhone region, -i in maritime Provenal and -o in alpine
Provenal.
To know more about Provence click here.

-Gascon:
Like Castilian Spanish, Gascon was under the influence of the Basque language which explains the
majority of its oddities.
Initial F- becomes H. Thus, filha (girl) becomes hilha [hilyo]. Compare with Spanish hija!
Final Latin -LL becomes -TH (pronounced -t', -tch,...). Latin aucell(u) -> austh.
Intervocalic Latin -LL- becomes -R. Bella -> bra.
As in Provenal, final -L becomes -U.
Intervocalic -N- disappears. Una (one) becomes ua.

m/atz/an

Initial R- often becomes ARR-. Riu (river) becomes arriu. Compare with Spanish rio/arroyo!
QU- and GU- are pronounced [kw] and [gw].
V is pronounced B.
Common metathesis of -R-. Languedocian cambra (room) becomes cramba.
Oddities in conjugation: enunciative particles added to the verb: que (assertion), e (interrogation), be
(exclamation). Preterit is done in -c and -oc (instead of -t).

-Northern Occitan (Auvernhat, Lemosin, Provenal Aupin):

The characteristics of Northern dialects is the transformation of -CA into -CHA and -GA into -JA.
Example: cantar (to sing) becomes chantar; galina (hen) becomes jalina.
Most of final consonants are not pronounced.
V is pronounced V.
As in Provenal, final -L becomes -U.
Common aphaeresis (disapppearance of initial vowel): aqu -> 'qu; una -> 'na, etc.

III/ The Languedocian Verb:

The main conjugations of the Langadc's Occitan will be given hereafter.

First and foremost we could make a comparison between some verbs endings from
different Indo-European languages so as to see that knowing one language can help us
to know the others.
Portuguese: o/as/a/amos/(ais)/am

s/ez/ent

Greek: o/eis/ei/oume/ete/oun

m/eu/en

Russian: u/esh/et/em/ete/ut

/ate/ano

Czech: u/esh/e/eme/ete/ou

mos/is/an
(Finnish (not an Indo-European language!): n/t/a/mme/tte/vat)

Hey! Easy to find similarities, isn't it? But back to our wonderful Occitan

a. The regular Verb:

First group: parlar (to speak), parlat (spoken), parlant (speaking)

Present

Imperfect

Preterit

Subjunctive
present

Subjunctive
past

Parli

Parlavi

Parlri

Parle

Parlsse

Parlas

Parlavas

Parlres

Parles

Parlsses

Parla

Parlava

Parlt

Parle

Parlsse

Parlam

Parlvem

Parlrem

Parlem

Parlssem

Parlatz

Parlvetz

Parlretz

Parletz

Parlssetz

Parlan

Parlavan

Parlron

Parlen

Parlsson

Future

Conditionnal

Imperative

Parlarai

Parlarii

Parlars

Parlaris

Parlar

Parlari

Parlarem

Parlariam

Parlem

Parlaretz

Parlariatz

Parlatz

Parlarn

Parlarin

Parla

Second group (with suffix): dormir (to sleep), dormit (slept), dormint (sleeping)

Present

Imperfect

Preterit

Subjunctive
present

Subjunctive
past

Dormissi

Dormissii

Dormiguri

Dormisca

Dormigusse

Dormisses

Dormissis

Dormigures

Dormiscas

Dormigusses

Dorms

Dormissi

Dormigut

Dormisca

Dormigusse

Dormissm

Dormissiam

Dormigurem

Dormiscam

Dormigussem

Dormisstz

Dormissiatz

Dormiguretz

Dormiscatz

Dormigussetz

Dormisson

Dormissin

Dormiguron

Dormiscan

Dormigusson

Future

Conditionnal

Imperative

Dormirai

Dormirii

Dormirs

Dormiris

Dormir

Dormiri

Dormirem

Dormiriam

Dormiscam

Dormiretz

Dormiriatz

Dormisstz

Dormirn

Dormirin

Dorms

Second group (without suffix: some few verbs): sentir (to feel), sentit (felt), sentent
(feeling)

Subjunctive Subjunctive
present
past

Present

Imperfect

Preterit

Senti

Sentii

Sentiguri

Senta

Sentigusse

Sentes

Sentis

Sentigures

Sentas

Sentigusses

Sent

Senti

Sentigut

Senta

Sentigusse

Sentm

Sentiam

Sentigurem

Sentam

Sentigussem

Senttz

Sentiatz

Sentiguretz

Sentatz

Sentigussetz

Senton

Sentin

Sentiguron

Sentan

Sentigusson

Future

Conditionnal

Imperative

Sentirai

Sentirii

Sentirs

Sentiris

Sentir

Sentiri

Sentirem

Sentiriam

Sentiam

Sentiretz

Sentiriatz

Senttz

Sentirn

Sentirin

Sent

Third group: batre (to beat), batut (beaten), batent (beating)

Subjunctive Subjunctive
present
past

Present

Imperfect

Preterit

Bati

Batii

Batri

Bata

Batsse

Bates

Batis

Batres

Batas

Batsses

Bat

Bati

Batt

Bata

Batsse

Batm

Batiam

Batrem

Batam

Batssem

Battz

Batiatz

Batretz

Batatz

Batssetz

Baton

Batin

Batron

Batan

Batsson

Future

Conditionnal

Batrai

Batrii

Batrs

Batris

Batr

Batri

Batrem

Batriam

Batam

Batretz

Batriatz

Battz

Batrn

Batrin

b. The Verbs To be and To have:

Imperative
Bat

sser/stre (to be), estat (been), essent (being)

Present

Imperfect

Preterit

Subjunctive
present

Subjunctive
past

Soi

ri

Foguri

Si

Fogusse

s/Ss

ras

Fogures

Sis

Fogusses

Es

ra

Fogut

Si

Fogusse

Sm

rem

Fogurem

Siam

Fogussem

Stz

retz

Foguretz

Siatz

Fogussetz

Son

ran

Foguron

Sin

Fogusson

Future

Conditionnal

Imperative

Serai

Serii

Sers

Seris

Ser

Seri

Serem

Seriam

Siam

Seretz

Seriatz

Siatz

Sern

Serin

Si

Aver (to have), agut (had), avent (having)

Subjunctive Subjunctive
present
past

Present

Imperfect

Preterit

Ai

Avii

Aguri

Aja

Agusse

As

Avis

Agures

Ajas

Agusses

Avi

Agut

Aja

Agusse

Avem

Aviam

Agurem

Ajam

Agussem

Avtz

Aviatz

Aguretz

Ajatz

Agussetz

An

Avin

Aguron

Ajan

Agusson

Future

Conditionnal

Aurai

Aurii

Aurs

Auris

Aura

Auri

Aurem

Auriam

Ajam

Auretz

Auriatz

Ajatz

Aurn

Aurin

c.Present forms of other important verbs:

Imperative
Aja

dire (to say)

deure (to have to)

voler (to want)

saber
(to
know)

prene (to
take)

veire (to
see)

viure (to
live)

disi

devi

vli

Sabi

preni

vesi

vivi

dises

deves

vls

sabes

prenes

veses

vives

ditz

deu

vl

sap

Prend

vei

viu

disetz

devetz

voltz

sabetz

prentz

vestz

vivetz

dism

devm

Vlem

sabm

prenm

vesm

vivem

dison

devon

Volon

Sabon

prenon

veson

vivon

venir (to come)

poder (to be able to)

far (to do)

escriure (to
write)

aver (to have)

stre (to
be)

anar (to go)

Veni

Pdi

Fau

Escrivi

Ai

Soi

Vau

Venes

Pdes, Ps

Fas

Escrives

As

Ss, s

Vas

Ven

Pt

Fa

Escriu

Es

Va

Venm

Podm

Fasm

Escrivm

Avm

Sm

Anam

Ventz

Podtz

Fastz

Escrivtz

Avtz

Stz

Anatz

Venon

Pdon

Fan

Escrivon

An

Son

Van

creire (to believe)

tner (to hold)

metre (to
put)

respondre (to
answer)

recebre (to
receive)

valer (to be
worth)

cresi

teni

meti

respondi

recebi

vali

creses

tenes

metes

respondes

recebes

vales

crei

ten

met

respond

recep

val

cresm

tenm

metm

respondm

recebm

valm

crestz

tentz

mettz

respondtz

recebtz

valtz

creson

tenon

meton

respondon

recebon

valon

vendre (to sell)

beure (to drink)

caar (to hunt)

vendi

bevi

vendes

caler (to be
necessary)

cal

conisser (to
know)

parisser (to
appear)

nisser (to be
born)

caci

coneissi

pareissi

naissi

beves

caas

coneisses

pareisses

naisses

vend

beu

caa

coneis

pareis

nais

vendm

bevm

caam

coneissm

pareissm

naissm

vendtz

bevtz

caatz

coneisstz

pareisstz

naisstz

vendon

bevon

caan

coneisson

pareisson

naisson

d. Reflexive verbs:
Se levar (to get up)

ploure (to
rain)

plou

Present

Imperative

Me lvi
Te lvas

lva-te

Se lva
Nos levam

levem-nos

Vos levatz

levatz-vos

Se lvan

tenon

e. Negation
-Basic negation is "pas", which follows the verb. Its translation is "not" ("yes" is said
"c" and "no" is said "non").
Ex1: parli pas (I speak-not=I don't speak)
Ex2: An pas parlat (have-not-spoken=they haven't spoken)

-Pas can be combined with other negative words

Ex3: I vesi pas res (I-see-not-nothing=I don't see anything)
Ex4: Lo trbi pas enluc (him-find-not-nowhere=I don't find him anywhere)
Ex5: Sorts pas jamai (goes out-not-never=he never goes out)
Ex6: Degun es pas vengut (nobody-is-not-come=nobody came)

IV/ Tool Words:

This small list is aimed to help you in building good sentences in a good Occitan. The
translation of the words are given in French, English and Spanish.
A costat de=Near=A ct de=Al lado de
Dins=Into=Dans=Dentro
Davant=In front of=Devant=Delante

Darrir=Behind=Derrire=Detrs
Sus=On=Sur=Sobre
Desss=Above=Dessus=Encima
Jos=Under=Sous=Bajo
Dejs=Below=Dessous=Abajo
Tanben=Too=Aussi, galement=Tambin
Qu?=What?=Quoi?=Qu?
Ont?=Where?=O?=Dnde?
Perqu?=Why?=Pourquoi?=Por qu?
Qualqu'un=Someone=Quelqu'un=Alguin
Plan=Well, very=Bien, trs, beaucoup=Bien, mucho
Pas vertat?=Isn't it? (question tag)=N'est-ce-pas?=No es verdad?
Segur=Sure, certainly=Sr, srement=Seguramente
Tanpauc=Neither, not either=Non plus=Tampoco
Coss?=How?=Comment=Cmo?
Maique=Morethan=Plusque=Msque
Mensque=Lessthan=Moinsque=Menosque
Tancoma=Asas=Autantque=Tantocomo
Lo mai=The most=Le plus=Lo ms
Lo mens=The less, the least=Le moins=Lo menos
Mas=But=Mais=Pero
aquel, pr'aqu=However=Pourtant, cependant=Sin embargo
Encara=Again=Encore=Todava, an
Tan=As=Aussi=Tanto
Despui=Since=Depuis=Desde

Lu=Quick, soon==Vite, bientt=Rpido, pronto

Lu-lu=Quickly=Bien vite=Rpidamente
Coma cal=Properly=Comme il faut=Como hace falta
Rai=What does it matter=Peu importe=Qu importa!
Atal=Thus, like this=Ainsi=As
Benlu=Perhaps=Peut-tre=Quizs
Cada=Each, every=Chaque=Cada
Totjorn=Always=Toujours=Siempre
Coma=As, like=Comme=Como
Solide=Certainly=Srement=Seguramente
Quant?=How much/many?=Combien?=Cundo?
A mon vejaire=In my opinion=A mon avis=A mi parecer
En de X=At X's home=Chez X=A casa de X
Mig/mija=Half=Demi=Medio/a
Cal=It's necessary=Il faut=Hace falta
D'ora=Early=Tt=Temprano
Quicm=Something=Quelque chose=Algo
Un pauc=A little, some=Un peu=Un poco
Que te sabi?=I dunno!=Que sais-je?=Yo qu s?
Pui=Then=Puis=Entonces
Fins a=As far as, till=Jusqu'=Hasta
Pro=Enough=Assez=Bastante
Ui=Today=Aujourd'hui=Hoy
Ir=Yesterday=Hier=Ayer
Deman=Tomorrow=Demain=Maana

Lunh=Far=Loin=Lejos
Prp=Near=Prs=Cerca, prximo
Endacm mai=Besides=D'ailleurs=Por otra parte
Lo biais=The way=La manire, la faon=La manera
Jamai=Never=Jamais=Jams, nunca
De cps=sovent=Often=Souvent=A menudo
M'agrada=I like=Cela me plat=Me gusta
Baste que, mas que=Provided that=Pourvu que=Ojal
Perque=Since, because=Puisque, parce que=Porque, ya que
Tre que=As soon as=Ds que=En cuanto
Ni mai=Neither=Ni=Ni
Cap=No, not any=Aucun=Ninguno
Espra qu'esperars=By dint of waiting=A force d'attendre=A fuerza de esperar
Cap e tot=Totally=Tout fait, compltement=Totalmente
Meteis(sa)=Same=Mme=Mismo/a
Endacm=Somewhere=Quelque part=En algn sitio
Endacm mai=Elsewhere=Ailleurs=En otro sitio
Sonque=Only=Seulement=Slo
Marrit=Bad=Mauvais=Malo
Ne vls aqu n'as!=More than you wanted=En veux-tu en voil!=Ms que esperabas!
D'arru=Following=A la suite=Despus de
Un tr de=A kind of (pej.)=Une espce de (pj.)=Una especie de (pey.)
Far a son sicap=To do as one pleases=Faire sa guise=Hacer a su gusto
Tant val dire=One might as well say=Autant dire=Tanto vale decir
Ni pauc ni pro=In no way=D'aucune faon=De ninguna manera

Fin finala=Finally=Finalement=Finalmente
A pro pena=Not easily=Non sans peine=Difcilmente
Per astre=Fortunately=Par chance=Por suerte
Per malastre=Unfortunately=Par malheur=Por desgracia
De contunh=Non-stop, continuously=Sans arrt, continuellement=Sin parar
Entre tot=In the main=Dans l'ensemble=Globalmente
L'ime=The (good) sense=Le bon sens=El bun sentido
Quicm atal=Something like that=Qqch de ce genre=Algo as
Que no sai=I don't know how many=Je ne sais combien=No s cuntos
Per subreps=Moreover=Par dessus le march=Por aadidura
S'avisar=To be aware of sthg=Se rendre compte=Darse cuenta
Coss que si=In any case, anyway=De toute faon=De toda manera
Gaireben=Almost, virtually=Presque=Casi
Mai que mai=Above all=Surtout=Sobretodo
Alavetz, alara, aladonc=So, then=Alors=Entonces
Pasmens=However=Pourtant, cependant=Sin embargo
Ren, res=Nothing=Rien=Nada
Sul pic=Immediately=Immdiatement=Al instante
Totara=In a little while=Tout l'heure=Luego, ms tarde
Amb, amb, am=With=Avec=Con

V/ Basic grammar:

a. The numbers:
The cardinals:

0 zro

11onze

30 trenta

1 un, una

12 dotze

40 quaranta

2 dos, dos

13 tretze

50 cinquanta

3 tres

14 catrze

60 seissanta

4 quatre

15 quinze

70 setanta

5 cinc

16 setze

80 ochanta

6 siis

17 dtz-e-st

90 nonanta

7 st

18 dtz-e-uch

100 cent

8 uch

19 dtz-e-nu

200 dos cents

9 nu

20 vint

1,000 mila

10 dtz

21 vint-e-un

1,000,000 un
milion

1998=mila nu cents nonanta uch.

The ordinals:
1st=primir, primira
2nd=segond, segonda
Then just add -en, -ena to the number.

Let's take advantage of this chapter to see the name of the days and months in Occitan
Los jorns de la setmana: diluns (Monday), dimar, dimecres, dijus, divendres, dissabte,
dimenge.
Los meses de l'an: genir (january), febrir, mar, abril, mai, junh, julh, agost, setembre,
octbre, novembre, decembre.

b. The articles; gender&number:

Definite article (the):
Singular

Plural

Masculine

lo, l'

los

Feminine

la, l'

Las

L' is used like in French in front of a word which begins by a vowel.

NB: a+lo(s)=al(s); de+lo(s)=del(s); per+lo(s)=pel(s); sus+lo(s)=sul(s)
Indefinite article (a):
Singular

Plural

Masculine

un

de, d'

Feminine

una

de, d'

D' is used like in French in front of a word which begins by a vowel.

Gender & Number:
Generally the feminine form of a word is formed by adding an a at the end of the word
(like in Spanish).
The plural form is formed by adding an s at the end of the word.

c. Pronouns; possessives:
Demonstratives (this, that, these, those):
Singular

Plural

Masculine

Aiceste/Aqueste/Aquel

Aicestes/Aquestes/Aqueles

Feminine

Aicesta/Aquesta/Aquela

Aicestas/Aquestas/Aquelas

Neuter

Aqu

Aqu

The three possibilities given here correspond theorically to a grade of distance (see in
English This/That).
Possessives:
Thing possessed is Singular

Thing possessed is Plural

Possessor:

& Masculine

& Feminine

& Masculine

& Feminine

Mon

Ma

Mos

Mas

You (sing)

Ton

Ta

Tos

Tas

He, She, It

Son

Sa

Sos

Sas

We

Nstre

Nstra

Nstres

Nstras

You (plur)

Vstre

They

Vstra

Vstres

Lor

Vstras
Lors

Subject personal pronouns:

Ieu=I

Nosautres/Nosautras/Nos=We

Tu=You (sing)

Vosautres/Vosautras/Vos=You (plur)

El=He(It); Ela=She(It)

Eles/Elas=They

NB: Vos is conjugated with a plural but corresponds to the polite form of you for one
person.

VI/ A few texts:

Standard Occitan (Lengadocian)
Lo curat de Cucunhan
ra un long caminl tot caladat de brasa roja. Trantalhant coma s'ri bandat, a cada pas
trabucavi; ri tot en aiga, cada pel de mon cs fasi sa gota e pantugavi de la set... Mas,
per ma fe, grcia a las sandalas que lo brave sant Pire m'avi prestadas, me cremri pas
los ps.
A pro pena de trabucar, balint-balant, vegri a man esqurra una prta, non, un portal,
un portals, alandat coma la boca d'un grand forn. O! paures enfants! quin espectacle!
Aqu, vos demandan pas lo nom; aqu cap de registre. Per fornadas, a plena prta, se
dintra aqu, mos cares fraires, coma dintratz a l'aubrja lo dimenje.
Tressusavi e -que-la ri raulit, tridolavi. Lo pel se me quilhava sul cap. Sentissii a
rabinat, a carn rostida, quicm coma la falira que s'espands per las carriras de
Cucunhan quand Ali, lo faure, crma per la ferrar la bata d'un vilh ase. Perdii l'alen
dins aquel aire abrasat e pudent; ausissii una orresca clamada, unis gemcs, unis
rencs, unis brams!
"E ben, tu! Dintras o dintras pas? me fagut un diable banut en me ponchant amb sa
foissina.
"-Ieu? Dintri pas. Soi un amic de Dieu.
"-Un amic de Dieu? Mas, bogre de tinhs! qu venes qurre aic?

"-Veni A! me'n parletz pas, que las cambas me pdon pas tner Veni Veni de
lunh simplament per vos demandar si, si, per cp d'aqstre auriatz pas aic
qualqu'un de Cucunhan
"-A! fc del Cl! fas la bstia, tu, coma se sabis pas que tot Cucunha es aic. Te,
corbats, fai-te ena e gaita: veirs coss te los adobam aic, tos famoses
Cucunhanencs

Lemosin Occitan
D'aqueu temps la drolleta avi trobat los s de son frair, e, per se n'amusar, los enterrts
jos 'n espinasson. L'ivern passt; a la prima, los s germeneren e lo petit tornt surtir
d'en la terra, emb son crs de drollichon, e de las alas d'ausel. Qu era lo pus estonant
ausel qu'm poguessa mas veire. Prenguet la volada, ant tot drech au molin. Aqu
'trapt entre sas pautas la grssa mla que mu lo blat, e coma de res, la n'emportt a la
cresta-cima de la maison de sos paires. Asss se bott de chantar.

Gascon Occitan
I avva, un cp, un me e ua hemna qu'avvan tres mainatges. Los dus drlles ran
desj frts e hardits coma bths lions. La bra Joaneton anava sus sos quinze ans. Era
cent cps ms bra que lo jorn. Quan se pintoava, lo blat li tombava deus peus, a bths
boishths. Quan se lavava las mans, los dobles los d'aur e los quadruples d'Espanha lo
tombavan deus dits per dotzenas. La bra Joaneton dambe sos dus frairs s'aimavn ms
que non se pt diser.

Provenal Occitan
Aqueu jorn que vos parli, apres una matinada cauda pr la sason, aqu que lei niulas se
metron a far de castus. Sus d'auadas a donar lo lordum, de pelotassas blancas
s'amolonavan coma de caulets-flors gigants. Pui, aquelei niulassas se toquron, tapron
tot lo cu e venguron negras coma lo cuu d'una sartan. E lo trn comenct son
estampu! Totei lei ulhau amagats dins lo nivolum amavan bn venir sus aqueu pas.
La montanha fra auta porgi un bn sti ai niulas. De barras de siis cnts mtres
d'aplomb acompanhavan sus sei doas ribas un riu cascarelant e, entre barras e montanha,

un vilatjon quilhava seis ostaus prchi d'un gran prat totjorn verdejant e clafit de
pibolas.

Auvernhat Occitan
Per passar una bona velhada se chau assetar davant un bon fuc. Atencion a las belhisas
que vos traunquen pas las brajas. Per faire fuc chau prendre de papeir, de bsc menut e
d'estelas que copam am una ascha. a cada cp d'ascha, se tustam frt, fasem de clapas.
Aqu's l'ora de cachar de notz e de despelonar las chastanhas.