Al

e
xi
s

Bui
,

J
e
a
na

Shi
n,

Kr
i
s
t
i
ne

Dy
Pe
r
i
od
2
9

12
14
Gr
oup
5

PERIOD2GROUP5BPVLABREPORT

Abstract
The

pur
pos
e

of

t
hi
s

e
xpe
r
i
me
nt

i
s

t
o
d
e
ve
l
op
a

mode
l

t
ha
t

de
s
c
r
i
be
s

t
he

mot
i
on
of

ba
t
t
e
r
y
powe
r
e
d

ve
hi
c
l
e

(
BPV)
.

We

do
t
hi
s

by
de
t
e
r
mi
n
i
ng
t
he

r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
p
be
t
we
e
n
pos
i
t
i
on
(
x)

a
nd
t
i
me

(
t
)

f
or

movi
ng
BPV.

To
p
e
r
f
or
m
t
he

e
xp
e
r
i
me
nt

we

f
i
r
s
t

de
t
e
r
mi
ne
d
t
he

i
nde
pe
nde
nt

va
r
i
a
bl
e
,

e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
he
d
a
s

t
i
me
,

whi
c
h
wa
s

c
ont
r
ol
l
e
d,

a
nd

t
he

de
pe
nd
e
nt

va
r
i
a
bl
e
,

e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
he
d
a
s

pos
i
t
i
on,

whi
c
h
va
r
i
e
d
ba
s
e
d
on
t
he

c
ha
ng
e
s

ma
de

t
o
our

i
nde
pe
nde
nt

va
r
i
a
bl
e
.

To
c
onduc
t

our

e
xpe
r
i
me
nt
,

we

f
ound
a
nd
de
t
e
r
mi
ne
d
a

s
t
a
r
t
i
ng
po
i
nt

i
n
whi
c
h
t
he

pos
i
t
i
on
of

t
he

ba
c
k
of

t
he

BPV
wa
s

me
a
s
ur
e
d
wi
t
h
a

c
ha
l
k
a
s

e
ve
r
y
t
wo
s
e
c
onds

pa
s
s
e
d.

We

t
e
s
t
e
d
t
wo
BPVs

us
i
ng
t
hi
s

me
t
hod:

one

wi
t
h
t
wo
ba
t
t
e
r
i
e
s

a
nd
t
he

ot
h
e
r

wi
t
h
onl
y
one

(
na
me
d
c
a
r

#2
a
nd
c
a
r

#3
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y)
.

Us
i
ng
t
he

i
nf
or
ma
t
i
on
c
ol
l
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
t
he

e
xpe
r
i
me
nt
s
,

we

f
ound
t
wo
e
qua
t
i
ons

whi
c
h
we

gr
a
phe
d
t
o
di
s
pl
a
y
t
he

di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e

i
n
t
he

r
a
t
e

of

whi
c
h
t
he

t
wo
c
a
r
s

move
d.

We

a
l
s
o
f
ound
t
h
a
t

t
he

t
wo
c
a
r
s

bot
h
move
d
a
t

c
ons
t
a
nt

ve
l
oc
i
t
y.

Diagram

The

BPV
s
t
a
r
t
s

a
t

t
he

s
t
a
r
t
i
ng
poi
nt

a
nd
we

ma
r
k
t
he

pos
i
t
i
on
e
ve
r
y
2
s
e
c
onds

We

me
a
s
ur
e

t
he

di
s
t
a
nc
e

f
r
om
t
he

s
t
a
r
t
i
ng
poi
nt

t
o
t
he

pos
i
t
i
on
ma
r
ks
.

Procedure

1.

Dr
a
w
a

s
t
a
r
t
i
ng
poi
nt

wi
t
h
t
he

c
ha
l
k

2.

Tu
r
n
t
he

c
a
r

on.

3.

At

t
he

s
a
me

t
i
me
,

dr
op
t
he

c
a
r

a
nd
s
t
a
r
t

t
he

t
i
me
r
.

(
Dr
op
t
he

c
a
r

s
o
t
ha
t

t
he

ba
c
k
of

t
he

c
a
r

i
s

t
he

pos
i
t
i
on
a
t

0
s
e
c
onds
)

4.

For

e
ve
r
y

2
s
e
c
onds
,

t
he

pe
r
s
on
hol
di
ng
t
he

t
i
me
r

wi
l
l

s
a
y
t
he

t
i
me

a
nd
a
not
he
r

pe
r
s
on
ma
r
ks

t
he

pos
i
t
i
on
of

t
he

c
a
r

f
or

t
ha
t

t
i
me
.

(
Ma
r
k
t
he

pos
i
t
i
on
of

t
he

BACK
of

t
he

c
a
r
)

5.

Ke
e
p
ma
r
ki
ng
pos
i
t
i
ons

f
or

16
s
e
c
o
nds

6.

St
o
p
t
he

c
a
r

whe
n
you
ha
ve

8
ma
r
ks
.

7.

Us
e

me
t
e
r

s
t
i
c
k
t
o
me
a
s
ur
e

t
he

di
s
t
a
nc
e

f
r
om
t
he

s
t
a
r
t
i
ng
poi
nt

t
o
e
a
c
h
pos
i
t
i
on
ma
r
ki
n
g
.

DataTables
CAR
#2
Ti
me

(
s
)

f
i
xe
d
Po
s
i
t
i
on
(
x)

Run1

Run2

Run3

Average

1.
05
m

0.
75
m

1.
55
m

1.
1.
67
m

1.
94
m

1.
80
m

2.
55
m

2.

096
m

2.
79
m

2.
66
m

3.
40
m

2.
95
m

3.
72
m

3.
45
m

4.
33
m

3.
83
m

10

4.
50
m

4.
36
m

5.
28
m

4.
713
m

12

5.
40
m

5.
24
m

6.
18
m

5.
606
m

14

6.
28
m

6.
18
m

7.
07
m

6.
51
m

16

7.
28
m

7.
10
m

7.
89
m

7.
423
m

CAR
#3
Ti
me

(
s
)

f
i
xe
d

Po
s
i
t
i
on
(
x)

Run1

Run2

Run3

Average

0.
26
m

0.
30
m

0.
31
m

0.
29
m

0.
51
m

0.
50
m

0.
55
m

0.
52
m

0.
73
m

0.
73
m

0.
78
m

0.
746
m

0.
96
m

0.
96
m

1.
04
m

0.
986
m

10

1.
17
m

1.
12
m

1.
31
m

1.
2
m

12

1.
40
m

1.
42
m

1.
62
m

1.
48
m

14

1.
61
m

1.
68
m

1.
88
m

1.
723
m

16

1.
78
m

1.
81
m

2.
10
m

1.
896
m

EvaluationofDataSets

Af
t
e
r

we

f
i
ni
s
he
d
our

e
xpe
r
i
me
nt
s
,

we

f
ound
t
he

a
ve
r
a
ge

pos
i
t
i
on

f
or

e
a
c
h
t
i
me
.

The
n,

we

gr
a
phe
d
t
hos
e

numb
e
r
s

a
nd
f
ound
t
he

e
qua
t
i
ons

f
or

t
hos
e

l
i
ne
s
.

Af
t
e
r

t
ha
t

we

f
ound
t
he

unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
va
l
ue
s

f
or

e
a
c
h
t
i
me

a
nd
i
mput
e
d
t
h
e
m
i
nt
o
our

g
r
a
phs
.

The
n
we

f
ound
bot
h
t
he

mi
ni
mum
a
nd
ma
xi
mum
s
l
ope
s

a
nd
i
n
t
e
r
c
e
pt
s

f
or

bot
h
c
ha
r
t
s
.

Fi
na
l
l
y
we

c
r
e
a
t
e
d
ne
w
e
qua
t
i
ons

f
or

t
he

l
i
ne
s

t
ha
t

i
nc
l
ude

t
he

unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y.

Graph

=
Be
s
t

f
i
t

l
i
ne

=
Ma
xi
mum
s
l
ope
/

mi
ni
mum
i
nt
e
r
c
e
pt

=
Mi
ni
mu
m
s
l
ope
/

ma
xi
mum
i
nt
e
r
c
e
pt

InterpretationofGeneralTrends
Af
t
e
r

gr
a
ph
i
ng
t
he

ve
l
oc
i
t
y
of

bot
h
c
a
r
s
,

we

f
ound
t
ha
t

t
he
y
bot
h
ha
ve

pos
i
t
i
ve

s
l
ope
.

I
n
a
ddi
t
i
on
t
o

t
ha
t
,

t
he
y
a
l
s
o
ha
ve

l
i
ne
a
r

c
or
r
e
l
a
t
i
on
be
t
we
e
n
t
he

t
i
me

a
nd
t
he

pos
i
t
i
on.

Equations
BPV
#2:

x(
m)

=
.
44
83(
m/
s
)
t
(
s
)

+
.
2333(
m)

BPV
#3:

x(
m)

=
.
11
71(
m/
s
)
t
(
s
)

+.
05121(
m)

Uncertainty
Unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
i
s

t
he

a
moun
t

t
ha
t

da
t
a

i
s

of
f

f
r
om
e
xa
c
t

va
l
ue
s
.

The
r
e

a
r
e

t
hr
e
e

t
ype
s

of

unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y:

r
a
ndom
unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
,

s
ys
t
e
ma
t
i
c

unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y,

o
r

huma
n
e
r
r
or
.

Ra
ndom
unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
i
s

t
he

unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
t
ha
t

ha
ppe
ns

be
t
we
e
n
e
v
e
r
y
t
e
s
t
.

For

e
xa
mpl
e
,

t
he

di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e

i
n
t
he

pos
i
t
i
on
of

t
he

me
t
e
r
s
t
i
c
k
i
s

r
a
ndom
unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y.

Sys
t
e
ma
t
i
c

unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
i
s

t
he

unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
of

e
qui
pme
nt

or

di
f
f
e
r
e
nt

ve
r
s
i
ons

of

t
he

e
xpe
r
i
me
nt
.

Huma
n
e
r
r
or

i
s

t
he

a
c
c
i
de
nt
s

t
ha
t

oc
c
ur

dur
i
n
g
a
nd
i
mpe
r
f
e
c
t
i
ons

of

a
n
e
xpe
r
i
me
nt
.

BPV#2


Ti
me

Me
a
s
ur
e
me
nt

(
s
)

Unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
(
m)

.
38

.
44

.
45

.
4

10

.
57

12

.
57

14

.
56

16

.
47

Unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
of

Sl
ope

:
.
0604
Unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
of

I
nt
e
r
c
e
pt
:

.
4920

BPV
#3

Ti
me

Me
a
s
ur
e
me
nt

(
s
)

Unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
(
m)

.
03

.
03

.
034

.
05

10

.
08

12

.
14

14

.
157

16

.
204

Unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
of

s
l
ope
:

.
0159

Unc
e
r
t
a
i
nt
y
of

i
nt
e
r
c
e
pt
:

.
07879


Equa
t
i
ons

wi
t
h
unc
e
r
t
a
i
n:

Ba
t
t
e
r
y
Po
we
r
e
d
Ve
hi
c
l
e

#2:

x(
m)
=
(
.
4483 .
0604
m/
s
)
t
(
s
)

+(
.
2333
.
492
m)

Ba
t
t
e
r
y
Po
we
r
e
d
Ve
hi
c
l
e

#3
x(
m)
=
(
.
1171 .
0159
m/
s
)
t
(
s
)

+(
.
0512
9 .
07879
m)

Meaningofslopes
The

s
l
ope

i
s

t
he

di
s
t
a
nc
e

t
r
a
ve
l
e
d
pe
r

s
e
c
ond.

To
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e

f
or

t
he

s
l
ope
,

we

ne
e
de
d
t
o
me
a
s
ur
e

t
he

c
ha
nge

i
n
p
o
s
i
t
i
on,

x,

a
nd
di
vi
de

by
t
he

c
ha
nge

i
n
t
i
me
,

t.

xorx2x1
tt2t1

For

BPV
#
2,

t
he

s
l
ope

wa
s

0.
4483
m/
s
.

Me
a
ni
ng
t
ha
t

t
he

c
a
r

t
r
a
ve
l
e
d
f
or

0.
4483
me
t
e
r
s

f
or

e
ve
r
y

1
s
e
c
ond
t
ha
t

pa
s
s
e
s
.

For
,

BPV
#
3,

t
he

s
l
ope

wa
s

0.
1171
m/
s
,

t
r
a
ve
l
i
ng

f
or

0.
1171
f
or

e
a
c
h
s
e
c
ond.

Meaningofintercepts
The

i
n
t
e
r
c
e
pt

i
s

whe
r
e

t
he

gr
a
phe
d
l
i
ne

of

t
he

obj
e
c
t

i
nt
e
r
s
e
c
t
s

t
he

a
xi
s
.

I
t

s
hows

whe
r
e

t
he

obj
e
c
t

wa
s

a
t

0
s
e
c
onds

(
whe
r
e

i
t

s
t
a
r
t
e
d)
.