NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA He NERS A Ea Bea HE Code for Design of Concrete Structures HEBEL BR HL GB 50010 ~ 2002 GE Bi) Falted by; Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China Approved by: Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China Executing Date: April 12002 China Architecture & Building Press YR Ah chk wee 2002 Beijing,REM (CIP) A ie Lat ACTER CH) PIR Rea ete SEER Ze RE BE PRT. EARN, 2008 ISBY 7.112-06796.0, Lae I eae 2k eT IE RW TUTTO.465 SFIS ARTES CHP MC EY (2008) 98 098339 NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, PEAR ERI EE Code for Design of Concrete Structures HERE LI LAE GB 50102002 GED) PAR oe A Se A TM TED ee RR eH a ze AEN BAS, Tar IODA VG DHE 23 RL: 550 TF 2008 LL ARE 2OON A—H Fost—so0 it er -960.-00 ISBN 7-112.06796.0 TU -60H3(12750) LT BIR ae eo WS a AAA «#805 100037) EID: up: //woschinaabp-com,en (LAIR hap // www chinauilding. com.cnNOTICE lish. ‘The Chi the event of any inconsistency between the Chinese text and the Engl The code is written in Chinese and ese text shall be taken as the raking ome in textNotice of Promulgation for the National Standard“ Code for Design of Concrete Structures” Document JB [2002] No.47 According to the requirements of, “Notice of Printing and Distributing for the 1997 Preparation and! Revision Plan of Engineering Construction Standards, Document JB [1997] NO. 108-the Ministry ‘of Construction", the” Code for Design of Conese Structures” has been revised by the Ministry of Con- struction together with the relevant departments, aller extensive consultation by relevant departments, hence the new code has been approved as a national standard with a serial number of GB S0010— 2002, which shall come into foree upon April 1, 2002. Herein, clauses 3.1.8, 3.2.1, 4.1.3, 4.0L, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 6.161, 9.2.1, 9.5.1, 10.9.3, 10.9.8, 1.1.2, Wd, 11.3.1, 11.3.6, 1.4.12 and 117-11 are mandatory causes, which mast be enforced strict “Cove for Design of Concrete Structures” ,GBJ 10—89 is superseded by the new code at Devermber 31, 2002. ‘The Ministry of Construc The former on isin charge of management and explanation of the mandatory clauses inthe ede, the China Academy of Building Research is responsible for the explanation of specie technical items and the Research Institute of Standants and Nomns,the Ministry of Construction has en- trusted the C cole ina Architectural & Building Press to take on publishing and distributing, works of this Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China Febmuary 20, 2002Preface According to the requirements of Document JB[1997] No. 108-the Ministry of Constmetion, the former code was revised by the China Academy of Building Research together with the relevant institu- tions of higher leaming and seientific research, design enterprises etc In the period of revision, the code revision group launched various studies on topies, ear ried out wide-ranging, investigative analyses, summarized practical domestic experiences for design of concrete structures, coordinating with relevant standards and made necessary comparison with advanced international standands for reference. On the basis of above metioned measures, various ways were used by the code revision group to solicit comments from the anganizations concemed in the country, in adli- tion some trial designs were earried on by the revision group, in the meantime, the major issues in the code were elaborated and amended revised repeatedly, sad finally, the new version of eode was decids ced after examination. ‘The contents for main stipulations of the present code consist of: Basic design stipulations of con crete structures, Materials, Structural analyses, Caleulat ions, Detailing requirements of serviceability fant states, Rarthquake-resistant design of structural members and Relevan! appendixes ‘The main stipulation of the present code may be, i needed, revised in the future, she concemed information and contents of local revised clauses will be published on the Magazine of Engineering Construction Standardization Clauses marked with boldface type inthe ende are mandatory ones and must be enforeed strictly. In order to enhance the quality of the code, all relevant units are kindly requested fo sum up and accumulate their experiences from actual practices during tke process of implementing the code, and the relevant opinions and suggestians should be sent to the Managing Group of Cade for Design of Con- crete Structures, China Aeatlemy of Building Research, No. 30, Bei San Huan Dong Las, Beijing, China( Postcode: 1000133 Femail: code _ ibs _cabr@263.net.en). Chief Editorial Unit: the China Academy of Building Research Participating Units: Tsinghua University, Tianjin University, Chongqing Construction Engineering College, Hunan University, Dongnan University, Hehai University, Dalian University of Seience and Technology , Harbin University of Architecture, Xi"an University of Architectural Technology, Building Design Institute of the Capital Engincering Co.» Lid, China National Beijing Contracting & Fingineering Institute for Light In- dustry, Professional Design Insitute of the Railway Ministry, Planning and Design Institure of Water ‘Transport, Ministry of Communication, Northwest Chins Hydhoelecirie Design and Survey Insitute, and Prestressing Committee of the Metallurgical Material Industry Association Chief Drating Stats: Li Mingshun Xu Youlin of ultimate Jia states and checking eal~ inisiry of Construction, Beijing Municipal Building Design Institute, BeijingBai Shaoliang Sun Huizhong Sha Zhiguo Wu Xuemin Hu Dexin Cheng Maokun Wang Zhendong, Wang, Zhenhua ‘Pwuang Yaping — Zw Long Zou Yinsheng Song Yu Di Xiaotan Wu Peigang how Di Jiang Weishan Kang Guyi Lan Zongjian Gan Cheng Xia Qili Reviser( English eition of cade) : Chen Dingwai, Professor, China Academy of Building Research, May, 2004, Beijing, Chinal 2 1 1 2 5.3 Ane eeavEwBUENee 6.1 6.2 7 7 1 e ; 7 iu ee 1 7 8 81 8.2 9 ot 9.2 93 Contents General Principles ‘Terms, Symbols Terms **~ Symbols Fundamental Den Stipulations General Stipulations 8 Siipulations for Caleuation of Ultimate Limit States “9 Stipulations for Checking Calculation of ServiceailtyL 10 Stipulations for Durability Materials -+++--> Conerete 15 Steel Reinforcements "7 Structural Analysis at Fundamental Princip “+ a Linear Elastic Analysis Method 2 Other Methods for Analysis B Requirements for Calculation of Prestressed Concrete Structural Members 25 General Stipulations sosceesenneennetne 25 Caleulaton of Values for Lass of Prestress 32 Calculation of Ultimate Limit States -~ Genera Stipulations for Calculation of Normal Section Load-bearing Capacity Caleulation of Normal Section Flexural Load-bearing Capacity. * Calculation of Nomnal Section Compressive Load-bearing Capacity a Caleulation of Normal Section Tensile Laad-bearing Capacity 35 Caleulation of Inclined Section Load-bearing, Capacity Calculation of Torsional Section Load-bearing Capacity Calculation of Punching Shear Load-bearing Capacity Caleulation of Local Compression Load-bearing Capacity Cherkinn, Calculation of Fatigue +78 ‘Checking Calculation of Serviceability Limit States 86 ‘Checking Calculation of Crack Control ++ z 86 Checking Caleulation for Deflection of Flexural Member B Stipulations for Detailing Regurements ” pansion Joint ; 97 Concrete Cover = 98 Anchorage of Steel Reinforcement 99.4 Connection of Steel Reinforcements 9.5. Minimum Ratio of Reinforcemem for Longitutinal Stressed Steel Reinforcements « 9.6 Stipulations for Detailing, Requirements of Prestressed Concrete Structural Members 10 Fundamental Stiptatons for Structural Members =~ 10.1 Slab ; eeeennsen 10.2 Beam 10 3 Column A Nodal Point of Ginter and Column 5 Wall 10.6 Superposed Flexural Member 7 . 8 9 Deep Flexural Member Corbel Embedded Parts and Hanging, Ring 10.10 Connection of Precast Structural Members ++ 11 Earthquake-resistant Design of Reinforced Concrete Structural Members it a — . 1.2 13 11.4 Column of Frame and Column of Braced Frame 5 . 6 7 General Stipulations Materials + ame Girder U.S Column of Hinged Bent =~ 11.6 Nodal Point and Embedded Parts for 11.7. Structural (Shear) Wall LL.B Prestressed Conerete Steustural Members Appendix A Calculation of Plain Concrete Structural Member Append B Nomi! Satie Area, Cala Sena Arc and Theosial Weg of Steel Reinforcements . : Appendix C-—Multi-axial Strength and Constitutive Relation of Concrete °--- Appendix D Loss of Prestress for Common Tendon $ Prestressed Steel Reinforcements Appendix EB Time-de Appendix F Calculation far Normal Section Load-bearing Capacity of pes of Post-tensioned. ident Loss of Prestess. ~ Random Section Merabers +196 Appendix G Design Value of Kquivalent Concentrated Reaction Used for Calcul Nodal Point of Stab and Cokumn, everest - 199 Explanation of Wording in This Code -~1 General Principles 1.0.1 The code was published in order to enforce national technical and economic policies for the design of concrete structures, and to ensure structures to be economical, reasonable, reliable, applica ble, with high quality and using advanced! technology. 1.0.2 The cade is applicable to the design of reinforced concrete, prestresed concrete and pl ‘concrete load-bearing structures used in industrial and civil buildings, as well as normally constructed structures, but itis not applicable to the design of lightweight aggregate concrete structures, or struc tures using, special concrete 1.0.3 In design of concrete structures, besides complying with the stipulations in the cole, the de- signers shall also conform to the stpuations in relevant current mandatory national standards.2. Terms, Symbols 2.1 Terms 21.1 Concrete structures-The structures are mainly made by concrete, including plain concrete structure, reinforced conerete structure, and prestressed concrete structure ete 2.1.2 Plain concrete structure-The structure is made of the concrete without the steeseinforcements ‘oF not providing with the stressed stee] reinforcements 2.1.3. Reinforced concrete structure-The structure is made of the concrete and providing with the stressed ondinary steel reinforcements, steel reinforcement meshs oF steel reinforcement skeletons 2.1.4 Prestressed conerete structure-The structure is made of the conerete and providing with the will be through stretching or by other methods to establish stressed prestessing reinforcements» whi prestress 2.1.5 Pre-tensioned prestressed concreie structure-The concrete structure of which the conerete will be casted, after the stressed prestressing reinforcements have been stretched on stretching bed, then through the transmission of bond force between tendons and concrete to establish prestess 2.1.6 Post-tensioned prestressed concrete sinucture-The concrete structure of which the strength of concrete should be first reached the required stipulated requirements, then stretching the stressed pre= stressing reinforcements and anchoring on the structure to establish prestess 2.1.7 Castin-stu concrete structure-The concrete structure of which the formwork of concrete is i stalled in-situ and cast-in-situ the concrete integrally. 2.1.8 Prefabricated concrete structure-The concrete structure of which the structure is assembled by precasted conemte componeats or parts through the method of welding or bolting connection ete 2.1.9 Assembled monolithic concrete sructure-The monolithic conerete structure is assembled by precasted concrete components or parts, through the connections of steel reinforcements, connecting parts or applied prestressing force, and finally cast-in-stu the concrete 2.1.10 Frame structure-The load-bearing system structure is composed by ginders and columns con= necting them with rigid joint or hinged joint 2.1.11 Structural (shear) wall strcture-The structure is compased by structural wall (shear wall) to sustain the vertical and horizontal actions. 2.1.12 Frame-structural (shear) wall stricture-The structure of which the vertical and horizontal ac- tions are jointly sustained by frame and structural wall (shear wall) 2.1.13 Deep flexural member-It denotes the flexural member with span-depth ratio less than 5. 2.1.14 Deep beam -It denotes the single-span beam with span-depth ratio not greater than 2 and the rmulti-span beam with span-depth ratio not greater than 2.5 2.1.15 Ondinary steel bar -A general call for various non-prestressed sieel reinforcements which ane used in concrete structural members 22.1.16 Prestressing steel reinforcements-A general call for steel bars, steel wires, and strands which are used in the prestressed conerete structural members 2.1.17 Degree of eetabilty-It refers to the measurement for the probability of which the ability of a stnicture fulfils the expected functions within stipulated time-limit and stipulated conditions. 2.1.18 Safety claseThe classes of structures and structural members which are classified according to the degree of severity for the destructive consequences. 2.1.19 Design working life “The design stipulation for the ime-limit of working period of structures or structural members, which can serve for the expected purposes, have no need of heavy repairs 2.1.20 Loat-effect-The reactivity of the structures and structural members are induced by Jaacsy such as intemal forces, deformations and cracks ete. 2.1.21 Combination of load-effects-In the limit states design, it isthe stipulated combination for de sign values of various load effects occurred simultaneously, to ensure the reliability of the structures. 2.1.22 Fundamental combination-ft refers to the combination of permanent loads and variable loads in the caleulation of ultimate limit staes, 2.1.23 Characteristic combination- In the checking calculation of serviceability limit states, that the characteristic values and combination values of variable loads are used as the representative values of variable loads in combination. 2.1.24 Quasi-permanent combination-fn the checking calculation of serviceability limit states, that the quasi-permanent values of variable loads are used as the representative values ofthe variable loads in combination. 2.2. Symbols 2.2.1 Material properties E,—toadulus of elasticity of eoneretes E’——modulus of fatigue deformation of concrete; E,——~rodulus of elasticity of steel reinforcements; €20—strength grade of concrete with characteristic value of cube strength is 20N/mni: Pas —compressive strength of 150m side length concrete cube during period of eonstrue- tions Fou: —characterstic value of compressive strength of 150mm side length concrete cubes fa fe—characteristc value, design value of axial compressive strength of eonerete respec- tively: Safi —characterstic value, design value of axial tensile strength of conerete espectivelys Sa Fg —ehuracterstic values of axial compressive strength, axial tensile strength of concrete stuting period of construction respectively Spry —characteristic values of strength of ordinary steel reinforcements, prestressed steel reinforcements respectively Jy Fy —Hesign values of tensile strength, compressive strength of ordinary sted! reinforce 3ments respectively Soy Sig design values of tensile strength compressive strength of prestressed steel reinlore- iments respectively 2.2.2 Actions, action-effects and load-bearing capacity N—design value of axial forces NisNy—values of axial forces calculated in aocordance with the characteristic combination, «quasi-permanent combination of load-ofects respestivelys Ny—resullant of forces of prestressed reinforcements and nonprestrssed reinforcements in post-tensioned membe resultant of forces of prestressed reinforcements and non-prestressed reinforcements, when wormal prestres in concrete is equal to zero; Nur -design value of sectional axial compressive or axial tensile load-bearing capacity of member; \Ny—design values of eocentic compressive or eccenvic tensile load-bearing capacity due to axial forees acting on the X-axis, Y-axis respectively: M—design value of bending, momen MyM, —hending moment values calculated in accordance with the characteristic combina- tion, the quasi-permanent combination of load effects respectively; M_—#esign value of normal section flexural load-bearing capacity of members M—eracking bending moment valve for normal section of flexural members T—design value of torsional moment: V—design value of shearing force: V.z—design value of shearing load-bearing capacity of conerete and stay in inclined section of members F—design value of local load or concentrated reactions 2.¢-Fq—nomnal stress of concrete al the extreme fiber of seetion for erack-resstance checking calculation, under the characteristic combination, the quasi-pemanent combination of load effects respectively: o_—normal sires in concrete due to prestessing forces principal tensile stress, principal compressive stees in concrete respetivel ow {an mia—Maximum stress, minimum stress of concrete on extreme fiber of section in tension ‘one oF compression zone of concrete used for fatigne checking calculation respec- lively: 74,04 —siress in longitudinal ordinary steel reinforcements. stress in prestressed steel rein= forcements in calculating load-bearing capacity of normal section respectively: ‘oa —stress or equivalent stress in longitudinal tensile steel reinforcement calculated in ae conlance with the characteristic combination of load-elfects:qi ——sterching controlled stress for presstressead steel reinforcements jess in prestressed steel reinforcement, the resultant of forces point of prestressed steel reinforcements where normal stress in conerete equals to 2e703 je —cellective prestress of prestressed steel reinforcement; 21.0} ——values for loss of prestress in prestressed steel reinforcements on tension zone, com- pression zone at corresponding stages respectively: r——shearing stress of concrete: eqqi-——maximum crack width calculated in aevordance with the characteristic combination of Toad-effects and in consideration of the influences for effects of long-term actions; 2.2.3 Geometric parameters 4 ,a’—istanee from point for resultant of forces of longitudinal tens ¢ see! reinforcements, point for resultant of forces of longituinal compressive steel reinforvements espee- Lively to near extrem fiber of sections 44, ,a—distance from point for resultant of forces of longitudinal nonprestresied tensile steel reinforcements. point for resultent of forces of longitudinal nonprestessed compres- to near extrem fiber of sections sive steel reinforcements respect distances from point for resultant of forces of longitudinal prestressed stee) reinforce- iments in tension zone, point for resultant of forces of longitudinal prestressed steel reinforcements width of rectangular section, web width of T-shaped, shaped section; be.b;—flange widths in tension zone. in compression zone respectively of T-shaped or I- compression zone respectively to near extreme fiber of section taped sections diameter of thickness of cuncrete covers cular section oF diameter of steel reinforcements: distances from acting point of axial force to point for resultant of foroes of longitudi nal tensile steel reinforcements, of longitudinal compressive steel reinforeerems spectivelys eo ——eeventrcity of axial force with respect to centioid of sections €,——athtiional eccentric initial eccentricity: h—alep of sections hy —ellective depth of sections hhyhi-—lange depth in tension zone, ange deptle ir compression zone of T-shaped or f shaped sections respectively; i——radius of gyration of sections 1.——rallins of curvatures 1, —anchorage length of longitudinal tensile steel reinforcementsJo—ealeulated span of beam, slab or calculated length of columns 5—spacing of transverse steel reinforcements. spacing of spiral steel reinforcements ot spacing of stimups in direction along axis of members depth of concrete compression zones ‘yo. yu—tlistances from centroid of transformeet section, centtoid of net scetion to calculated extreme fiber respectively: distance between point for sultant of forces for longitudinal tensile reinforcements and point for resultant of forees for conerete compression zones A——seetional area of members Ag——transformed sectional area of members A,——net sectional area of members Aj.Al——sectional area of longitudinal nonprestessed steel reinforcement in tension zone, in compression zone respectively -~—seetional area of longitudinal prestressed steel reinforcements in tension zones in ‘compression zone respectively As vAay——seetional area of single limb stirup in the shearing calculation, in the torsional eal- culation respeetivelys Aqy—seetional area of toal torsional longitudinal nongnestresed steel reinforcements used! for the torsional calculations Ay 9 1/30 1/400) Notes lo inthe Table isthe eluted span of members 2 Values in parentheses are appt for membres et which the deflections are stil required in applica tions 3. lf member is caer before its abistion. and when ts allowed daring its sevice stage, thi ember ‘ale shall be deh ram the calculated deliction vale ding checking ration with dhe allowable talue. As fir reseed concrete members the cambir caused hy pentesing may abo be deat 4 When eleating the limiting valve fr dection of caniever members is ealesatin lng ly tice tual length of contiever. 3.3.3. Grack control level for normal section of staetural members shall be divided into thnee levels in accordance with the following stipulations: Level 1—members, on which eracks are strietly prohibited, when the calculation is in accor dance with characteristic combination of load-elovts, that ce tense stress shall not e occured at ex treme tensile fiber of conerete structural member Level 2—members on which racks are generally prohibited, when the calculation is in accor dance with characteristic combination of lad-effects, that the tensile stress at extreme tensile fiber of concrete structural members shall not be greater than the characteristic value of axial tensile strength in concrete: when the calculation is in acconlance with quasi-permanent combination of load-eects, that the tensile stress at extreme tensile fiber of concrete structural members ay net be occurred. hut it ean be loosenea!, when the reliable experiences are available, Level 3—~members, on which cracks are allowed, when the calculation is in accordance with ucharacteristic combination and considering influence of lang-erm actions of laad-efeets that the maxi- mum erack width of structural members shall not exceed the stipulated Tint values of maximum erack ‘width given in the Table 3.3.4. 3.3.4 The different crack control levels and the Timit values of maximum crack width aig of ssrac~ tural members shall be adopted fram the Table 3.3.4 according tothe types of structures and the envi~ ronmental categories specified in the Table 3.4.1 ‘Table 3.3.4 Crack Control Levels snd Limit Values of Maximum Crack Width f | Rein comzetesttres Prete concrete srcties cures | Go cmd ct | weston) | Ga ont eh [tien ean ee oso | \ 02 7 | a cope | - | a 1 0.2 a ~ Note:1 The stipulation in the Tae ar applicable o enced concrete mendes sing ht rolled steel bars ad 3.4.1. The durabil 1o prestressed concrete mark sing estes tel wines, strand, fat tall see bars: when other \3pes of see wies or reisorements ae selected. the requirements of crack cool may be determined by pecific staan, Fora flexural member snled in an are with Yee emvirnnet where men anual eave hay is Jess than 96 the valve in paredhess may le used as its limit value of maximum crack widths Unde evel I envionment the Fini valve “0, 2men” of maximum crack with shal be adap for reine fired concrete rting ss, bracket, and crane girder wich reines checking cleuation of iene, sel “0.3nam’ shall be adopted for reinrced concrete mofing beam and bracket bens Unc level I envionment, the peestessd concrete mang beam bracket beam, ming tes, bracket roof bard, and foor lab, shall be checking calculated acconing to crack cor evel Mh: ter Seve 1 and If ervirorments, the fatigue of prestressed cancite crane gine shall be checking calculate ac- cong to crack contol levels "Te crack conta levels and the Hint valve of maximum crack with» tabulated for prestressed concrete structural menber, ae merely applicable to checking calculation of vnal section. ‘The checking caleulae ti for crack contro of inctnes setion shal confor tothe tiation inthe Chuple 8 ofthe eke For chimney, tube-shaped warehouse, and structural meter under liquid presse dhe erack cole quirements shal confi to relevant provisions of cures special eas “The crack control requirements of structural members sated in level Nand V emvirowcemty shall con fore to relevant poisons of eure special ce ‘Te init values of maximum crack within the Tale are wed for the checking caution of maximum cvick with coal, fom the aft, 3.4 Stipulations for Durability ty of conerte structures shall be designed in accordance with the vavironmental categories and design working life specified in the Table 3.4.1 nTable 3.4.1. Environmental categories for conerete structures Environmental eateries Conlin 1 Indoor normal enviwement Inde uid enviroeent; opens environmen’ af asevere collar rn-eok area, ermimement of divtly contacted with non-emmive water or sl 1 " + peers envirmmnent of severe cold of cold ara, environment of dell con tacted with noe-ersive water oF si : Eavisonment of applied ery removers envirwament of severe cold or cold area vith water level Ductuted in winter season; ast otdoor ensironment W ‘Sea water environment v Enviroment ofafeted by arifcial or natural eesive materials. Note:The clasifiaton of severe cold and cold areas shal! confem 10 the stipulations of mation cument statedard “Thermal desig specification for evil building” JG 24 3.4.2, In environmental categories I, Hand Ill, structural conerete with design working life as SO years shall conform to stipulations in Table 3.4.2. ‘Table3.4.2 fundamental requirements for durablity of structural concrete Min. coment | Lane chin | x lai Binal |e, voor] in | eameet | ema | mis canes iad amout (kg/ai) | of emercte (9) (ke/n?) I 065 ns | 10 Uinted i a 0. 20 as 03 3.0 "To 0.55 25 co 02 3.0 [ i) 0 co ou 3.0 Noses 1 Chlorine ion content refers to the yersentage of chlorine in cetnert corsanption amounts 2 Max-chlorion content and min, cement consungtion amount in prestressed concrete structural meer ane 0.06% and 200kg/1m" respectively: the lowest grade for stength of eoncre sll be increased by two rates canting to stipulations in the Tales 3 Min coment consunption amen n pin canrete member hall not be less than the values inthe Table smimas 25 ems 4 When setvatded admixture o ober atives, which can prolong dural Min, cement consumption amount could be reduced appropriately 5) When riliale engincering experince is avilable, the lowest grade for strength of eonercte in eniron= meatal categories and could be reduced by one goes (6 When mon-lkal activated aggregate is applied, there is mo limitation for the alkali content in canerete sade to concrete that the 3.4.3 In environmental categories |, structural concrete with design working life up to 100 years shall eonform to fallowing st1 The lowest grade for stength of concrete in reinforced concrete structures and in prestressed concrete strcturs are C30 and CAD respectively; 2 Maximum chlorion- content in concrete is 0.069% : 3) This beter to se non-alkali at ated aggregate; whest alkali activated ageregate is applied, ‘max. alkali content in concrete is 3.Okg/m? 4 The thickness of concrete cover shall be increased by 40% accortng to the stipulation of the Table 9.2.1 of the codes when effective protective measures ate taken for concrete surface, the ness of concrete cover could be reduced appropriately. 5) Regular maintenance shall be performed curing the course of application. 3.4.4 In environmental categories Hand Ill, the special effective measures shall be taken for con- crete str es with design working life up to 100 years: 3.4.5 In humid environment of severe cold and cold area, structural conercte shall meet relevant re~ quirements for Greezing-resistant, and the freezing-resistant grade of concrete shall conform to the re quirements of relevant standards 3.4.6 For concrete structures requiring yenetration-rsistant, the penetration-esistant grade of cconerete shall conform to the requirements of relevant stands 3.4.7. For structural members in environmental categories Il, it is bettes to ase ribbed steel bars coated with epoxide-resin for stressed reinforcement; and the special protective mesures shall be taken for prestressed steel reinforcements, anchorage devices and connectors 3.4.8 The durbili shall conform to the stipulations of relevant standards requirements of concrete structures in environmental categories and V , ‘The durability requirements of concrete may not be considered for the temporary conerete struc tunes 44 Materials 4.1 Conerete 4.1.1 Concrete Strength grade shall he detemnined in accordance with the characteristic value of eube compressive strength obtained from standard tests on 150 mun side Tong cube specimen, which was fab- ricated and cured for a period of 28 days under standard conditions, and hus the compressive strength with «95% guarantee rate 4.1.2 Concrete strength grade of reinforced concrete structures shall not be less than C15; when the de HRB335 is use, concrete strength grade may not be less than C205 it shall not be less than (20 for members sustained the repetitive Toads and in cases using the steel bars of Grade HIRBA0O and Gratle RRBOO Comerete strength grade for prestressed concrete structures shall not be less th steel bar of| C30; concrete einforcements strength grade may not be les than C40 when strand, stel wires and heal-teatd steel ae ted as presteted sleet reinforcemett, Note: Inthe we of rountain sand conree o slag concrete shal ill bein eanpliance with sipu- lations of related special codes, 4.1.3. Characteristic values of concrete aial compression strength J, axial tension strength {a shall be adopted in accordance with the Table 4.1.3 respectively fable 41,3. Characerisie Valcs of Cnerete Strength (N/m) Tie ‘Gencreesrengthsrode srnth [C8] Gn] GS] Go [GR] Ge] cx can] cs | | Co ow] Ge ee Ju 1.27 1.54, 1.78 2.01) 2.20) 2.39) 2.51 2.64) 2.76 2.88) 2.95] 2.99 | 3.08 3.11 4.1.4 Design values of conerete axial compression strength f., axial tensi be adopted in accordance with the Table 4.1.4 respectively. Table 4.1.4 Design Values of Concrete Strength(\/mn?) Type of | Concrete strength grade strengn | G8 | Go| Gs | Guy Gs | Gao | cas | cx | css | cw | cas | Go| Gs “fe, 7.1 9,6 [11.9] 14.31 16.7 19.1 [21.4 52.7.8 8 fi inl ee ae 1.43 | 1.57 | 1.71 | 1.80 | 1.89 1.96 | 2.04! 2.09 | 2.14) 2.35 | 2.22 [Note:1 When calling axial compression and eccentric compression members of as-n-situ reinforced cemerete, the design values of concrete strength in this Table shall be nmiplid by a factor of (0.8, i the long side or the diameter ofthe section i ess than 30m; this restriction maybe dis regarded when the quality of the member (inching the molding of concrete, dimensions of the section and ans, ete.) cam be guaranteed. 2 Design values of central Fabricated conerete strength shall be taken in secordance with related special standards. strength f shall 154.1.5 The modulus of elasticity of concrete £, in compression or in tension shall be adopted in ac- ccondance with the Table 4.1.5 Table 4. Modus of eat of conaree (x 10N/m?) |. strength | as 20} CS | CO) C35 | CHM) C45) CSB) C55 | C60 0s | 70 cis | C80 oe | | | [aa] ass] 200]. 15] 3.53.8) 308] 935[3./ 56 |3.m0[378| 3am Ee 4.1.6 The design values of concrete axial compression fatigue strength J axial tension fatigue strength f{ shall be determined by multiplying the design value of concrete strength tabulated in ‘Table 4.1.4 with a comesponding modified factor of fatigue strength 7, respectively. Depending on various ratios of fatigue stress o{, that the modified factor Y, shall be adopted from the Table 4.1.6. ‘The ratios fr fatigue steess of concrete p shall be calculated according tothe following exuation: pl = Sen (4.1.6) Where, / ains fmac—miinintum stress and maximum stress of concrete a the same fiber of section during checking calculation on fatigue of members respectively. “Table 41.6 Modified factor of Concrete Fatigue Strength eh eis0.2 o2ep<0.3 | odepi0.3, the redistribution of intemal forces may not be considered. Hence, the & shal be calculated acvording tothe stipulation in the Chapter 7 of the code. 6.1.9 The prestessing transmission length Ly of prestressed steel reinforcement for pre-tensioned members shall be calculated according ty following, equation: ‘of members. arivantageous to structure snsioned prestressed concrete frame girder and eontinuous beam under the eon- of support, as well as, the requirements of checking ealeutation for Sa Where oy—the effective prestress of prestressed stoel reinforcement when relaxed stretching: diameter of prestressed steel reinforcement shall be adopted acconding to Appendix B of the cod the appearance coefficient of prestressed steet reinforcement shalt be adapted! accord- ing to stipulated in the Table 9.3.1 of the codes characteristic value of axial tensile strength coresponding, to compressive strength of a (6.1.9) lyse cs concrete cube f', during relaxed stretching, which is determi lation methods specified in the Table 4.1.3 of the code ‘When the construction process of suldenly relaxed for the prestressed steel reinforcement is adopt 4 using linear imterpo- 29ced that the starting point for calculation of Jy shall be 0.25 1, fram the end of member 6.1.10 When in calentation af the normal sectional or ty at end anchorage zine of pre-tensioned prestressed concrete member, within the range of anchorage clined sectional flexural load-bearing capaci~ length, that the design value of tensile strength for prestressed sleel reinforcements shall take ze at the stating point of anchorage, and at the end point of anchorage shall take fy for the values between these two points ean be determined by linear interpolation. The anchorage length of prestressed ster! ined according to the Clause 9.3.4 of the cade. 6.1.11 In addition to the checking calculation of ultimate limit states at the construction stage for reinforcements shall be de prestressed concrete structural members, the members in which crack is not allowed in the pre-tension- ing zone, or in which the whole section shall be compressively during precompression, the noma stress at the extreme fiber of concrete under the actions of prestressing, force self-weight and construction load (dynamic coefficient shall be considered, if necessary) shall comply with the following. stipaiations =t=f ete Z w ® Fig. 6.1.11 Checking calelation of prestessed concrete members a constmtion sage (a) pre-tensioned members (5) pos-tensione members 1 —centid se of tenafonmedsetion:2—eentod axis of re setion easta (GALL) Fo: <0.8f% (6.1.11-2) The nonnal stress of concrete at the extreme fiber of section may be calculated by the following exuation: NM ‘ 440 OF 05 Oy 4h Se (6.4.43) Where o,..oq—the compressive stress, the tensile stress at concrete the extreme fiber of ealculat ed section in corresponding construction stage respectively: Pausfa— characteristic values of tenste ssength, compressive strength respectively , core sponding to the compressive strength of conerete cube in each construction-stage Sas they may be determined by linear interpolation method according tothe ‘Table 4.1.3 of the codes N. My—values of axial force, bending moment al the calculated section respectively, pro- duced by the character combination of construction load and self-weight of the members Wo——elastic resisting moment of transformed section, at checking calculated extreme 30fi [Notes Pretension rape denotes the sectional tensile stress zone whichis formed at dh time for exerting the gee stressing forces 2 In cation (6.1.11-2), when dys the compessive sires, taking positive values ile ste, taking nrpotive values when Ni the aia compressive free taking psiive values when Ni, isthe axial trie force, taking ngatve values wher extreme fiber stress cased by My is compressive chen dy the te ste the pes i taken in Ube equations ile ts tem tes te mits signi taken inthe e= ‘qation 6.1.12 In addition to the checking calculation of sltimate fimit states al constuction stage of pre- stressed contrste structural members, for members on which eracks are allowed! and longitudinal pre~ stressed steel reinforcements are not provided in pretension zone, the normal siress in concrete on ex: treme fiber shall confomn to following stipaations: ous efi (6.1323) 00.8%, (6.1.12-2) Herein the e+: shall still be calculated according to the stipulation in the Clause 6.1.11 of the code, 6.1.13 The reinforcement of longinsdinal steel bars in pretension zone of prestressed concrete stme~ tural aber shall conform to the following requirements: 1. For members in which cracks in the pretension zone is roe allowed during the construction stage. the ratio of reinforcement for longitudinal steet bars in the pretension one(A’, + A%))/A shall nol be less than 0.2% , while A’, shall not be counted fr post-tensioned! members, whew is the sectional area of member 2 For members where eracks’in the pretension zone is allowed daring the constuction stages, and longitudinal prestressing steel bars are not provided in the pretensian zone, when oy =2fus the ratio of reinforcement for longitudinal steel hars in the pretension zone A/A shall not be less than DAMS when fu hi In the calculation of T-shaped, L-shaped section flexural members using above equations, the depth of compressive zone in concrete shall still conform to the requirements in the equations (7.2. 1 3) and (7.2.1-4) of the code. 7.2.3 The calculated flange width 6; situated in compression zone of T-shaped, I -shaped and in- verted L-shaped section flexural members, the minimam values according to the conditions listed in the Table 7.2.3 shall be taken ‘Tobe 7.2.3 Calelated Flange Width bj of T-shaped, | shaped and Inverted L-shaped section Flexural Members 1 Tne Tet ed tin ‘Situation ~ section Wlbsitem [py Riad en a ribbed slab | TPE Des | ibhed slab Gaited wlan | 6 wa v6 witli nei | Cor eons | bt by _ b+ 5/2 rete ee(bngaad 3) Gotten] N7eO. al ‘on the depth 0.1.> hj /hg320.05 b+ 12h; cof Bange Af l hi / hg < 0.05 b+ IDhy Notes: 6 denotes the web widths 42 2 fin the span of the ribbed beam has transverse ribs wth the space length between rib is less than the space length of longtdina cibe, thatthe stipulations ofthe situation 3 litt in the Table ean be dise- sade: 3 Fer haunched T-shaped, shaped ar invened L-shaped seotons, when the depth ofthe haunch in com- resin zone is hy hand the width ofthe haunch is b, <3, its calculated width ofthe Dange may follow the stipulation ofthe situation 3 listed in the Table, ant increased! 2b, for (‘T-shaped sesion, haped section ), and increased 6, for (inverted L-shaped section) mpectively: 4° checking calculation ceveals thatthe racks might occur at flange plate in eampresson zone along the iection of the lrgituinal rib ofthe independent beam, its calculate width shall e ken as the width of web &7.2.4 Calculation of form with the requirements in the equation (7.2.1-3)of the code: Wher the sectional area of longitu- c normal section flexural load-bearing capacity of flexural member shall con- dinal tensile steel reinforcement, which is provided in accordance with the detailing requirements or the greater than thatthe requirements checking calculation requirements of the serviceability limit states, of flexural load-bearing capacity, hence in the calculation of the depth of concrete compression zone x according to the equation (7.2.1-2) or (7.2.2-3) ,there is only the sectional area of longitudinal ten- © needs for the conditions of flexural load-bearing capacity to be ssile steel reinforcement to meet counted. 7.2.5 When the longitudinal ordinary compressive stecl bar is counted in calculations, the condition of equation (7.2.1-4) in the code shall be met; when the condition is not met, the normal section flexural load-bearing capacity shall conform to the following stipulations MecfpAg(h- a,~ 01) +fACh~a,-a/) + (ajo ~Syy AZ (a5 — a4) (7.2.5) Where —a,.a,—distances from the longitudinal oninary steel bars, prestressed steel reinforce- ‘ments in the tension zone respectively to the extreme fiber of tension zone. 7.2.6 The ronmal section flexural load-bearing capacity of ring shaped section and circle shaped see- tion flexural members shall be calculated in accordance with the stipulations of the Clauses 7.3.7 and 7.3.8 of the code. But the sign of equality in the equation (7.3.7-1), (7.3.7-3) and (7.3.81) shall be taken and taking the design value of axial force NV =0; meanwhile, Np in the equations (7. 3.7-2), (7.3.7-4) and (7.3.8-2) shall be replaced by the design value of bending moment 7.3. Caleulation of Normal Section Compressive Load-bearing Capacity 7.3.1 For reinforced concrete axial compression member, when the stirrups provided for member ac- cord with the Section 10,3 of the cade, the normal section compressive load-bearing capacity shall con form to the following stipulations (Fig 7.3.1): N<0.99(f,A +f, 42) (7.3.1) eo Where N-—design value of axial compressive fore ¢—sabilty coelicient of reinforced concrete: member eae adopted acconting to the Table 7.3.1. fo-—design value of axial compressive strength of con- \— 7 cerete adopted according to the Table 4.1.4; A—sectional area of members - AS —total sectional area of longitudinal steel reinforee- 5 rents VW ratio of reinforveme for longitudinal steel bars is greater ps than 3.9%, A in the equation (7.3.1) shall be replaced by (A Fig 7.3.1 minim covert aia a) compression member provided 7.3.2 The winfored concrete axial compression member, when with simups athe spiral or the welding ring-shaped indirect steek reinforcement is provided in accordance with the stipulations in the Seation 10.3 of the cade, the normal section compressive load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete axial compression member shall conform tothe following stipulations (Fig.7.3.2): Table 7.3.1 Stability coefiient of reinforced conerete axial compreson member wl<,o,»,“|*|se|m|el™|™» fo wa] <7 | ss |os| no | u lass] m | i | a | ms | om h/t | I 2) When the compressive load-bearing capecty calculated fram the equation (7.3.2-1) is less than that cauldron the equation (7.3.1) '3)When the trsormed sectional area of indirect see reinforcement Ayo is less than 25% of the total sectional are of longitudinal reiforcement. 7.3.3 The additional eccentricity e, of axial compressive force in ‘eccentric direction shall be counted in the calculation of normal see~ load-bearing capacity of eccentric compression member, the val tue of 20mm oF the vaule of 1/30 maxi eccentric direction, whichever is greater, shall be taken 1m sectional dimension along 7.3.4 The normal section compressive load-bearing capacity of rectangular section ecventric compression member shall conform to the following stipulations (Fig. 7.3.4) + N corfebe +f, 4,- 0.4, = (olp = fry Ay (7.3.4-1) Fig 7.3.2 Reinforce eamerete ani- We ouch lo 3)+ fA 0) ph — (op = Sy Ay (ig = a) (7.3.4-2) ir inet ste reindoroement e=ne+ (7.3.43) cote (7.3.4-4) Where distance betwoen acting point of axial compressive force and point for resultant of forces of longitudinal oninary Stel bars and prestressed tensile slel renforoementss y—theeocenticity enlangement cefiient for axial campreative fore of eccentric compres- nent calculated ac~ sion member, considering the influence of second onler bending m cording to the stipulations in the Clause 7.3. 10 of the codes 2,.0)—stress of longitudinal ordinary steel bars, prestressed stcel reinforcements at tension side or smaller compression sides initial eccentricity; steel bars and distance from the point for resultant of forces of longitudinal ordinary prestressed tensile steel reinforcements to the near edge of section ¢y——eocentrcity of axial compressive force with respect to centroid of section eq = M/Ns additional eccentricity, detemnined acconting to the Clause 7,3,3 of the code. ‘When the calculations is in accordance with the above stipulations that the following, requirements shall still be conformed: 1. Stress in steel reinforcements 2... can be calculated in accordance: with the following cases: 1) When &2<6), denotes the large eccentric compn where € denotes the relative depth of compression zone, jon member, taking 2, and 05 = Sys 452) when €> & denotes the small eccentric compression member, the 0,0, sball be calculated according to the stipulations in the Clause 7.1.5 of the code. 2 When the longitudinal ordinary compression steel bars is counted in caleulation, the depth of the compression zone shall meet the conditions of the equation (7.2.1-4) of the code; when the condi- tion is not met, the normal section compressive load-bearing capacity may be calculated in accordance with the Clause 7.2.5 of the codesin the meantime, M in the equation(7.2.5)of the code shall be re= placed by WNe’, where e', denotes the distance from the acting point of axial compressive force to the point for resultant of forces of longitudinal ordinary stee! bars in compression zone; the eccentricity en- largement coefficient shall be counted in calculation, while its initial eccentricity shall be detemnined by the equation(7.3.4-4). 3. For small eccentricity compression members with rectangular section and non-symumetric steel reinforcement , when V'>f.bh the checking calculation shall be still caried on according. to the fol- lowing equation BAS Gm Fd AG Fig. 7.3.4 Calculation of compressive load-bearing eapscity in normal section of eccenticity compression member with rectangular section (i of ton Net < feb ho Abe, Ad(ho~ a.) = (oo = Sn )Agho~ a) (7.3.45) Bat —(eg-«,) (7.3.46) Where e'—distance between the acting point of axial compressive force and the point for resultant of forces of longitudinal ordinary steel bars and presiessed steel reinforcements in ‘compression zone hp—cistance from the point for resultant of forces of longitudinal compression steel rein- foreements to the far-side of section. 4 For small eccentricity reinforced concrete compression member with rectangular section and symmetric see! reinforcement( A’ = A,) the sectional area of longitudinal stel reinforcements may also be calculated by the following approximate equations: Ne ~ §(1 - 0.58) ayf.bhi Ae fila = a) (7.3.4.1)Where the relative depth of the compression zone € may be calculated by the following equation: Evaifobho +h (7.3.48) 7.3.5 The calculated compression flange width of L-shaped section eccentric compression member bi shall be determined according to the Clause 7.2.3 of the code , and its normal section compressive load-bearing capacity shall conform to the following stipolaions: 1. When the depth of compression zone << h’it shall be calculated in acconlance with a rect= angular section with the width as the caoufated compression flange width Bi 2 When the depth of compression 2one x > hi (Fig7.3.5), it shall conform to the following stipulations: N auf be + (br — BRE] + SAL oA, = (oo ~ fy Ay~ ony 7.3.51) Ne < anf bx( ho -$) + Cor — 604 ( ho ~ 4] + FAs Cho ~ 05) ~ (ola ~ Sn Ay hoy) 7.3.5.2) Stresses of steel reinforcements 04.25 in the equation, and whether or not considering the effects for the longitudinal ordinary compression steel reinforcements, are all dete tions in the Clause 7.3.4 of the code ined by relevant stipala- Fig. 7.3.5. Calculation of compresie loat-bearng capacity in normal section of eccrine compression mener with shaped sein conti a of section 3° when x >(h~ hp) sthe elfect of compressive portion in smaller sie of flange shall be count cal into the calculation of normal section compressive load-bearing capacity, meantime, the calculated width for the compressive portion in smaller side of flange by shall be determined acconling to the Clause 7.2.3 of the code 4 For the small eccentric compression member with unsytametrical steel reinforcements, when AV > fcA,the checking calculation shal still be carried out according to the following equations: Net ff ta iy - B) + Ce oh a — 2) + Ca aon SE a) ZA, 47= a) ~ (6p = fy)Ag( ho ~ a9) (7.3.5-3) es = (eg = ea) (7.3.5-4) Where y'——the distance from centroid of section to the compression side nearby axial. compressive force. when the section is symmetrical, taking y’ = h/2 [Note For the Teshapes section with Gange is a the ste nearby axial compressive free ony, b= 6 may be taken: forte iver shaped section with ange isa he side far aay axial conpresive force only <= may be taken 7.3.6 Rectangular, ‘T-shaped or L-shaped section reinforced concrete eccentric compression rember (Fig. 7.3.6) with longitudinal steel reinforcements uniformly provided along web of sections, the nor. smal section compressive loal-bearing capacity may meet the following stipulations; Fig.7.3.6 shaped section with el winforements uniforely provided slong web of section Ns aifel Sohg + (Be ~ BAY] +L, 0A, + New (7.3.6-1) Ne x aula €(1 ~ 0.58) 0n5 + (04 — 6) i{ ho BE) +A, ho ~ 2) + Me (7.3.6-2) &- A Nowe = (1+ Fy 7.3.6-3) OR! : (7.3.6-4) Where A,,——sectional area ofall longitudinal steel reinforcements unifonnily provided slong the web of sections Se ——design value for strength of longitudinal steel reinforcement unifomly provided slong the web of section, it shall be adopted according to the Table 4.2.3-1 of the codes _——aial compressive force is sustained by Yngitudinal steel reinforcement unify pro- vided along the web of section, when €> 81 .the € = 2 may be taken in the caleula- 48tions M,—woment for the intemal force of longitudinal along the web of section to the centroid of As when € > the € = 8; may be taken in the calculations 1 reinforcement uniformly provided the ratio of the depth at sector of uniformly provided longitudinal steel reinforcement ‘hg to the effective depth of section ho, when, co be taken. Iay/ Bigs the hag = hy ~ a may ‘The stress 0, of steel reinforcement A, in the ten sion side or the smaller compression side, whether or not considering the effects of the compression steel reinforee- ments and the compression portion of flange at smaller ‘compression side in the calculation, shall be determined acconfing to the relevant stipulations inthe Clause 7.3.4 and 7.3.5 of the code Note: This Clause is applicable 1 the situation tha the out of longittinal tel bars enifrmly provided ling the web of section isnot less than 4 pieces 7.3.7 For ring-shaped section eccentric compression members (Fig.7.3.7) with longitudinal steel reinforce- Fig. 7.3.7 reinlorcemens uriforny provided ing shaped section with tel iments unifomly provided along the periphery, the nor- mal section compressive load-bearing eapacity may con along the periphery form to the following stipulations 1 Reinfored concrete member N < aaf.A + (a - a)f,A, (7.3.7-1) Nye; = afeACrs + ra) SR far nse sina) fo 2 Prestressed concrete member Ng aaif.A ~ 304, + ayy ~ apy ~ 950) Ap (7.3.7.3) Ne eUiACes + 12) OE find, ORE + fy = 90) App et (1.3.7-4) ‘The cocficient and eccentricity in above equations shall be calculated acconling to the following equations: a, =1-1.5@ (7.3.7-5) = et ey (7.3,7-6) 49Where A—area of ring-shaped sections A, —area of section for all longitudinal ordinary steel reinforcements; Aj——area of section forall longitudinal prestressed steel re rir interior exterior radius of ring-shaped section respectively: —radius of circumference, where the centroid of longitudinal ordinary stee! reinfore- ments is situated; of circumference, where the centroid of longitudinal prestressed steel ments is situa forvementss ¢o—eeventicty of axial compression force to centroid of section; ¢;—aulitional eccentricity determined acconting to the Clause 7.3.3 of the codes value for ratio of sectional area of concrete in compression zone to full sectional area of, 2, —value for ratio of sectional area of longitudinal tension steel reinforcements to area of all longitudinal steel reinforcements, when a > 2/3, taking ay 3. When « < aceos{ —4t-) | r+ tne eccentricity compression mens with rng shapal se- tion can be calculated in accordance with the equation for the normal section compression load-bearing capacity of eccentricity campression members with circular section stipulated in the Clause 7.3.8 of the code. Notes This clause is appicable to the situation that the arcu of langle has in section isnot less than 6 ioe and 1/72 0.5, 7.3.8 For reinforced concrete eccentric compression member (Fig. 7.3.8) with circular section, on which longitudinal steel reinforcements are uniformly provided along the periphery, its normal section compressive load~ bearing capacity may conform to the following stipulations: N 0.625, taking a, =0. Notes This clause is aplicale to the situation that he sant of longitudinal toe basin section i not les han 6 pieces 7.3.9 For eccentric compression members in various concrete structures, the additions! intemal forces, which is caused by the side shifting of structures and the flexure of members, shall be consid- cred in the calculation of its normal section compressive foad-bearing capacity. When determining the design eaiues for intemal forces of eccentric compression members, the in- fluence of the second-order bending moment on the eccentricity of axial compressive force: may be con- ered approximately, by means of the initial eccentricity e; resulting from axial compressive fore t0 centroid of section times the eccentricity enhancement coefficient 7 stipulated ip the Clause 7.3.10 of the codes otherwise, in accordance with the corrected flexural rigidity of members stipulated in Clause 7.3.12 of the cade, using the elastic analysis method of considering second-order effect, hence the design value for intense! force of each controlled section in structural members, including design value of bending mement, can be directly calculated, then the design of section for each member can be ear- ried out according to the comespending design values for intemal forces. 7.3.10 Using following equation, the eccentricity enhancement coefficient may be calculated for ee- centric compression members with rectangular, T-shaped, T-shaped, ring-shaped and circular sections: fa 7 + aap tt) bib (7.3.10-1) (7.3.10-2) Jy = 115-008 (7.3.10-3) Where Ig —~caleulated length of member, determined according to the Clause 7.3. 1of the eotles A—epth of sectonsfor vingshaped section, taking outer diameters for crelar section, taking diameters hg—ffective depth of section; for ring-shaped section, taking fy = r+ 743 for circular section taking ho = r+ r.3 where r172 and 1s are taken according to the Clauses 7.3 7 and 7.3.8 of the codes {)—comrected coefficient for sectional curvature of eccentric compression members when £1 > 1.0, taking £1 = 1.05 A—sectional area of member; for both T-shaped section and I shape-section, taking bh 2(b4e— BDAY 51So—“influence cvefficient considering the influence of slendemess ratio of member on sec~ tional curvatures whenlo/h < 15, taking £2= 1.0 Note: When slndemess ratio of eccentric compression member ly/ic 17.5 taking 7 = 1.0 7.3.11 The calculated length fo of axiah compression, eccentric compression columns may be deter- ‘mined according to the following stipulations: 1. The calculated length Jp of the bent column for single-storey building with rigid roof, the out- door crane column and the viaduct columst,ean be taken from the Table 7.3.11-1. Table 7.3.11-1 Calculated Length of the Bent Cohumn for Singlestorey Building with Rigid Roof, the Outdoor Crane Column and the Viaduct Column a Vertical bent direction ‘Type of cole ~_ TT a Bent direction wah Without imercokannar intercolurmer | bracing bracing Single sn Low 12H Building column peat | a —_|—_ | without eran Teo- Span and mse | he _ how Law ae Viperediunn | 2.0 Hy tase, tsa | vith tame ower okie 1.0m, 0.84, 1.01%, ‘ut door eran column and vialut clume ieee me — Noe:1 HY in the Table denotes the ttl height ofthe column calculated from the top ofthe foundations Hi denates the height for lower portion of column calculate fram dhe tp af the foundation 10 either the bottom of pre fabricated crane giders, or the top of cast-in-sity crane ginkerst Hdenotes the height for upper portion of column calculate fromthe botom of profaviated crane ginder, or the tp of eas-in-sityenane giver: ‘The calculated length forthe bent column of bailing wth crane in the table, when the erane loading is ot oatsidered in calculation tht the calculated length of bulking colina withot crane can be adopted, hut the ealeuated length of the upper eolumer may all edogt the calculated length fr the building with 13 The calculated length forthe bent direction of upper colin on bent colume of Iding with rane in the Table, itis merely applicable othe condition of H,/Hi 220.3: when Hy/H; <0.3, the ealelated Teng o£2.5 M, muy be adopted 2 lw the gmneral eulti-storied building the frame column, the calculated length Jp can be taken from the ‘Table 7.3.11-2 Caleated Length of Columns at Each Storey in Frame Structure peter | Ded he Bottom storey column (Cast in-situ oor Columns for res tories 52(oomtinued) Type of lor Type of column 4 Bottom sey column 125 Fabricated floor = oo — | Clans for est stories Lsit (Noe: For Esto storey column, Hin the Table denates the height from the top surface a ouation wo he top sur face of or on fist tory: fr clans fr rest stories. Hin dhe Table dente the Ight betwen the top surfce of flrs on upper el lower tno stories. 3 When design value of bending moment resulting from horizontal load accounts for over 75% of total design value of bending moment, the calculated length lp of fame column can be calculated ae- conding to the fllowing two equations, fam which the smaller value is taken: fy = [140.15 + yd] (7.3.41) Uy = (2+ 0.24 in) H (7.3.11-2) Where, jl-—value forthe ratio between the intersected sum of linear rigidity of each column ‘nel the intersected sum of linear rigidity of each beam, intersected at the nodal point of lower end, upper end! of column respectively Gaur——the smaller value in values for the ratios of yy girt H—height of column is adopted according to the note of Table 7.3.11-2 7.3.12 In the structural analysis using elastic analysis method considering the second-onler effect, the elastic flexural rigidity E, I of member may be multiplied by following reduction coefficients: 0.4 to be taken for beam: 0.6 to be taken for column; 0.45 to be taken for structural ( shear ) wall and core cylinderical wall, Here, in the relevant equation relating to the calculation of the nomal section ‘compressive load-bearing capacity in accordance with the Section 7.3 ofthe code, all ye; shall be sub- stituted by (M/N + e,), where M,N denote the design values of bending moment ane the core sponding axial force respectively, by direct calculation using elastic analysis method considering the second-onder effect Nate: When the checking calcio shows that there reo racks in nama section at the tor at of tetra (shear) wall or core eylindet, then the 0.7 may be ten asthe reaction coecient of rigiity 7.3.13 For eccentric compression member, in addition to the calculation of compressive load-bear= ig, capacity under the bending moment acted plane, that the checking calculation of compressive load- bearing capacity which is perpendicular to the plane acted by bending moment according 19 the axial compression member shall be still performed; here, the action of bending aioment can be neglected, but the influence of stability coefficient — shall be considered. 7.3.14 For two-way reinforced concrete eccentric compression member, which has two perpendicular cach other symmetrical axis on section( Fig. 7.3.14), either of the following two methods may be se- Jeoted in the calculation ofits normal section compressive load-bearing capacity 1. This calculated according to the methods in Appendix F of the code, meanwhile the Mf, Min equation(¥.O1-7)and (F.0.1-8) shall be substituted by Nesey Nyeis respectively, in which the initial eccentricity shall he calculated according to the following equations; 33fin Ft Ow (7.3.14-1) 14-2) Where ¢o,.€y-—ecventrcty of axial compressive forces, which emsing x axis, y-axis of sectional centroid respectively eo, = Mox/ Ns, = Moy/ Ns Mog Moy—design value of bending moment of axial compressive force in the direction of x is, axis respectively, when the additional bending moment is not considered; xe s€4y—additional eccentricity in the direction of x axis and axis respectively shall be determined according to the stipulations in Clause 7.3.3 of the codes ‘Testy —enhancement coefficient of eccentric iy = Cay + ey a. n the ditection of x axis and y axis re spectively shall be detennined according to the stipulations in the Clause 7.3.10 of the code 2. The calculation is acconting to the following approximate equation: 1 Ng—_—l—_ 7.3.14 2000 mm, taking. ho = 200mm ‘f—design value of axial tensile strength in concrete shall be adopted! according to the ‘Table 4.1.4 of the code. 7.5.4 For common flexural members with rectangular, ‘T-shaped or I-shaped section, which are pro- 58vided with the stirups only, the shear load-bearing eapacity of inclined section shall conform to the fol- lowing stipulations: veut Vy (7.5.4-1) Veq = O.Tf,bhig + 1 25fy (7.5.4.2) ¥, = 0.05% o (7.5.4.3) Where V——dbesign value of maximum shearing force on inclined section of members Vac—~design value of shear load-bearing capacity of concrete and stirrup on inclined section ‘of members V,—design value of shear load-bearing capacity of member increased by prestressing forces Ag—tota! sectional area of different limbs of jmups in the same section, A., = atts where n denotes the number of stimup limbs in the same section, and A,.is the sce~ tional area of stimup with single limb: s—shacing of stirups along the length of members Jn—design salue of tensile strength of stirup is adopted according to the value of f, in the Table 4.2.3-Lof the codes resultant of forces for longitudinal prestressed and nonpyestressed steel reinforcements, when the normal prestres in concrete is equal to zero on calculated scetion, is ealeu- lated according to the Clause 6.1.14 of the codes when Nyg >0.3f-Aos taking No = 0.3f.Ap where Ap denotes the transformed section arca of member. For an independent heam subjected to concentrated load (including the conditions that the mem ber is under a variety of loads and the value of shearing force at section of support or edge of joint in- duced by concentrated loa amounts to over 75% of value of total shearing force) , when the calculation is eartid out in accordance with the equation (7-5.4-1), then equation (7.5.4- 2) shal be changed as follows: 7 A, ho (7,5.4-4) LT bho + So Where a ——Ratio of shear span to depth of calculated section using A = a/hgs here a denotes the distance from the acting paint of concentrated load to the edge of support or nodal points when 2<1.5, taking 2 =1.5,and when A >3, taking the acting point of concentrated load to support shall be uniformly provided. [Note:} for the conto o the sectional bending moment indved by the rsultant of frses Mis in the same dletion as extemal bending men, as wel a, the pressed eon cornu beam and pr stressed concrete sitply support ram where crack is permite, the V,=0 shall be tsken 2 the ealeltion of the reat of fc Ny of pe-ensinned prestressed concrete mens the afc nce of tersmision length fe prestressed tel reinforcemem shall be considered acco tthe pla ios in the Clauses 6, 1.9 and 8.1.8 ofthe eae 5 stimups between 397.5.5 For rectangular, T-shaped and 1-shaped section flexural members steel reinforcements, the shear load-bearing capacity on inclined section shall conform to following stip- stimups and bent-up ulations: Vc Vat Vy 4 0.8/Aasina, + 0.8/5, Apsina, 1.5.5) Where —design value of shearing force at providing position of bent - up steel reinforcement , which can be adopted according to the stipulations of the Clause 7.5.6 of the codes the increased design value of shear load-bearing capacity of member due to prestressing force can be calculated acconding to the equation (7.5.4-3) of the code, but the ef= fect of prestressed bent-up steel reinforcement is disreganded in ealeulation for resultant of forces Nos Aaj,Ayi—seetional areas of non-prestressed bent-up steel reinforcements, prestressed bent-up steel reinforcements in the same bent plane respectively @,,;-—included angles between the tangent lines of non-prestressed bent-up steel reinforce- ments, prestressed bentup steel reinforcements on inclined section and the longitu nal axis of member respectively. 7.5.6 When calculating bent-up steel reinforcements, the design value of shearing force may be adopted according to the following stipulations (Fig. 7.5.20): 1 When calculating the first row (with respect to the support) of bent-up steel reinforcement, that the value of shearing force at the edge of the support may be taken; 2 When calculating bent-up reinforcement of each subsequent row, that the value of shearing force at the bent-up point of steel reinforcement one row ahead (with respect to the support) may be adopted. 7.5.7 When common flexural members with rectangular, ‘T-shaped! and T-shaped section can conform with the requirements ofthe fllowing equation: V < 0.7f,bho + 0.05 No (15.7-1) When the independent beam subjected to concentrated load conforms with the requirement of fol- lowing equation Ve TB fide + 0.05% 9 (7.5.7-2) then their shear load-bearing capacity on inclined seetion may not be calevlated, and there are sufficient to provide stimups according to the detailing requtements on the bass of the relevant stipula- tions in the Clauses 10.2.9, 10.2.10 and 10.2.11 of the code. 7.8.8. For rectangular, T-shaped or I-shaped section flexural members with an inclined tension side, the shear load-bearing capacity on inclines section shall conform tothe following stipulations (Fig. 7. 5.8): Ve V+ Vig+0.8/,Aasina, (7.5.8-1) MaO83f do z+ ctang + Ph hate) ag (7.5.8-2)Fig, 7.5.8 Calculation of shear l-bearing capacity on ielined section of flexural meer wih sm inclin tension side Where ¥—maximum design value of shearing force on iacfined section of members M—design val member: design value of shear load-bearing capacity in concrete and stirrups on inclined section ‘of member are calculated according to the equation (7.5.4-2) or (7.5.44), in which the éffective depth of vertical section li is adopted atthe beginning, point in the tension rane of the inclined sector of bending mment at end of compression zone on inclined section of Yes Vo 4-—vertical direction pmjeetion for design value of the resultant of forces of nonprestressod ara presttessed longitudinal tensile reinforcements in the inclined tension side on sec- tion of member: the value shall nt exceed /,A, sin 2, for reinforced concrete Mexural members the value shall neither he greater than (fy Ap + f,4.) sin 2 nor smaller than opeAy sin 8, for prestressed concrete flexural members zn the same section, distance from the resultant of forves for stirrups to the point of the resultant of forees in the compression zone of inclined sections zy ——in the same bent plane, distance from the resultant of forces of bent-up reinforcements, to the point of the resultant of forees in the compression zone of inclined section distance from the horizontal component force of the resultant of forces of longitudinal tension steel reinforcements at the beginning paint of the tension zone of inclined sec- tion to the point of resultant of forces in the compression zine of the inclined section, approxinately, = 0.9 fig can be taken: 8 —inctination of the inelined longitudinal tension steel reinforcement at the beginning point of the tension zone of the inclined section 61‘¢—horizrtal projection length of inclined section, approximately, ¢ = hg can be taken. [Note: At the position where depth of beam section begs to vay, the sear lau-bearng capacity of incined section shall he calculate by relevart equation fr ear with constant depth of setion o for beam with ase depth f section rpectvely, andthe unfavorable cases shall be chase fr proving straps and bent-up steel re- indorceanet 7.8.9 The flexural load-bearing capacity on inclined section of flexural member shall conform to the following stipulations (Fig. 7.5.9); I= 7.5.9 Calculation of flesral load-bearing capacity on inclined section of flexure member Mg GyAa + Sy Ap)? + SfAwtan + YopAwtyn + Ant (7.5.9-1) Where, horizontal projection length ¢ of inclined section, may he determined by the following conditions: V = BfyAasina, + YfyApsinay + YypAw (7.5.92) design value of shear force atthe end of the compression zone of inclined sect —distance from the resultant of forces of nonprestressed and prestressed longitudinal ten- Where ¥- sion steel reinforcements to the point of resultant of forces in the compression zone ap- proximately, z =0.9/ can be taken. in the same hent plane, distance from the resultant of forces of nonprestressed, pre~ stressed bent-up steel reinforcements to the point of resultant of forces in the compres- sion zone of the inclined section qin the same inclined section, distance from the resultant of forces of stirrups to the point of resultant of forees in the campression zone of the inclined section In the caleulation for flexural load-bearing eapacity of in n at end anchorage zone of pre-tensioned prestressed concrete members, fp in the equation shall be determined according to the following stipulations: Design value of tensile strength of longitudinal prestressed steel reinforcements in anchorage zone shall be zero at starting point of anchorage, and shall be fy at finishing point of anchorage, the inter mediate values can be determined by linear interpolation method. Meartime, the anchorage length 1, of 2Jongitudinal prestressed reinforcement shall be detemined according to the Clause 9.3.10f the code. 7.5.10 When the longitudinal steel reinforcements and the stirups provided in flexural members confor with the detailing requirements stipatated in the Clause 9.3.1 through 9.3.3, 10.2.2 ‘hough 10.2.4, 10.2.7 and 10.2.10, the flexural load-bearing eapacity of inlined section of mem- ber can not be calculated. 7.5.11 For reinforced concrete eccentric compression member and ceventrie tension member with rectangular, ‘T-shaped or F-shaped section, the shear section shall conform to the stipulations in the Clause 7.5. 1 of the code. 7.5.12 For reinforced concrete eccentric compression member with rectangular, T-shaped or I= shaped section, the shear load-bearing eapacity of inclined section shall conform to the following, stipu- lations: 1.75 Any " Vg 1B pbhy + f,, Aho + 0.07 (7.5.12)

0.3f.A, taking NV =0.3/.A, where A denotes area of member section. Ratio of shear span to depth for calculated section shall be taken in accordance with the following stipulations: 1. For column of frame in various structures, may take 2 = M/{ Vig); for column in frame structures, when the point of contraflexure is within zhe height of storey, the A = H,/(2ho) may be taken; when A <1, taking 4= 13 if >3, taking a =3,here M denotes design value of bending mo- ‘mest corresponding to the design value of shearing force on calculated section, and Hy ewes net height of column. 2. For other eccentric compression members bear unifommly distributed load, taking A = 1. when they bear concentrated load which is stipulated in the Clause 7.5.4 of the code, the & = a/o may be taken; when A <1.Sytaking A = 1.53 when & >3, taking A from concentrated load to the edge of support oF nodal point 7.8.13. When the reinforced conerete eccentric compression member with rectangular, T-shaped oF 3: where, @ denotes distance shaped section can conform with the requirements of the following equation: Ve i 75 fibho +0.07N (7.5.13) then there is no need to calculate the shear load-bearing capacity on inclined section, but the ar- 2 rangement of stirups needs to conform to the detailing requirements stipulated in the Clausel0, the code. Ratio of shear span to depth and design value of be determined according, to the Clause 7.5.12 of the code 7.5.14 For reinforoed concrete eccentric tension member with rectangular, compressive foree in the equation shall [-shaped or Ishaped section, the shear load-bearing capacity on inclined section shall conform with the following stipula- tions: 8Aa Mg 0.2N (7.5.14) 15 Foy + Vg ATK fio + fy Where N—design value of axial tensite force comesponding to design value of shearing force Vs A—ratio of shear span to depth for calculated seston, can be deteemined according to the Clause 7.5.12 of the codes When the calculate value onthe right side of the equation (7.5.14) is loss than J, 9 shall be taken as equal t fy"hos and the value of fy shall nt be less tha 0. 36/ ho. 7.5.18 For reinforced concrete flexural members and eccentric compression members with circular sections, the shear load-bearing capacity on inclined section ean be calculated scconting to the stipula- tions in the Clauses 7.5.1 through 7.5.13 of the code, meantime, the width of section and the e fective depth of section hg in above equations shall be replaced by the value of 1.76 r and 1.6 r re= spectively, where r denotes radius of circular section 7.5.16 For reinforced conerete column of frame with rectangular section under two-way shear, the shear section shall conform to the following conditions: Vy < 0.258. f.bhgcosd (7.5.16-1) V, <0.258.f,hbgsind (7.5.16-2) Where Vi~—design value of shearing force along x axis, with comesponding the effective depth of section hy and the width of section bs V,—design value of shearing force along y axis, with corresponding the effective depth of section By and the width of section he; 4 — included angle between the 2 axis and the acting direction for design value of inclined direction shearing forces 0 = arctan( V,/V.) 7.5.17 For weinforced concreted column of frame with rectangular section under smo-way shears the shear load-bearing capacity on inclined section shall conform to following stipulations: (7.5.17-1) (1.5.17-2) The design value Vi, Vi of shear load-bearing capacity of inclined sevtion in x axis and y axis shall be calculated by the following equations: eB the Bm (75.1.3) Vag < eS fib + fy MiOby 6 0.0717 (7.5.17-4) Where A,.A—vratio of shear span to depth for column of frame , determined according to the 6ipulations in the Clause 7-5. 12 of the codes Agg.s4gy—sum of sectional areas for Tims of stirrups, which are provided parael"to the = axis, axis respectively in the same sections WV-—Design value of axial compression force comesponding to the design value of in- clined direction shearing force V, when V >0.3/.A, taking N =0.3/., here A denotes the sectional area of member Inthe design of section, which can be calculated directly after taking Vux/ Vy = 1 approximately in the equations (7.5.17-1) and (7.5.17-2) 7.5.18 When the reinforced concrete eolumns of frame with rectangular section under two-way shear ‘ean conform to the following requirements: LTS phy n<(t fibho 0.07%) cos (7.5.18-1) y — {1:I5-/shby 40.078 Ws (a 75 Fabby + 0.07N) sind (7.5.18-2) then the inclined section load-bearing capacity may not be caleulated, but provide the stirrups according to the detailing requitements stipulated in the Clause 10.3.2 of the code. 7.6 Calculation of Torsional Section Load-bearing Capacity 7.6.1. Under the combined action of bending moment, shearing force and torque, the hy/b <6 rect angular, T-shaped or I-shaped sections and the h,/t, <6 box section reinforced concrete members (Fig. 7.6.1), their sections shall conform to the following conditions: 2 ee j o © ig 7.6.1 Soin of tonal member (Ca) rectangular sections ()T-aaperl, L-shaped sections (0) bx section (ty ¢) |g ln tig en, sing xe When hy/bCor hy/te) <4 voor thy * O.8W, = 9758S When h,/b(or hy/t,) =6 65var: bho * 0.8, When 4< hy/b(or hy/ty) <6,detemmined by linear interpolation method. Where 7T——design value of torque moments b—the width of rectangular section, the web width of T-shaped or T-shaped section, the total thickness 21, fo side wall of box section: ho—effective depth of section; W,—orsional plastic section modulus of torsional member, calculated in accordance with the Clause 7.6.3 of the codes hy——web depth of sectio ‘T-shaped section, taking the effective depth minus the flange depth; for I-shaped or box sections, taking the net depth of webs 1,—wall thickness of the box section its value shall not be less than 6/7, here By denotes, the width of box section Nukes When hy/b(oe hy/t,) > 6 the conitons fr section dimension and the calelation for torsional sein lout bearing cepacity of torsional member shall confonn with special sitions. 7.6.2 When the members under the combined actions of bending moment, shearing force and torque (Fig. 7.6.1) can conform with the requirements in the following equations: < 0.28f. (7.6.1-2) for rectangular section, taking the effective depth hos for vir N, HF 0.3/cAo+ taking, Nyo =0.3f.Aos where A denotes the area of transformed section for member. N—design value of axial compressive force corresponding, o design value of shearing force Vs torque T,when NV >0.3/.A, taking N=0.3/,A, where A denotes the sectional area of member. 7.6.3. Torsional plastic section modulus for section of tors dance with the following stipulations: wl member shall be calculated in aceor- 1. For rectangular section, w= Zan 6) (7.6.3-1) Where 6, h—dimensions of the short side and long side of rectangular section 2. For T-shaped or I-shaped sections, 6Way + Wet Wu (7.6.3-2) The torsional plastic section modulus Wye, Wicand Wy for rectangular section of the web, com- pression flange and tension flange portions shall he calculated arcurding to the following stipulations: 1) For web, Wy = EOah - 5) (7.6.3-3) 2) For compression flange, ae (0, 6) (7.6.3-4) 2 3) For tension lange, We = HC, - ») (7.6.3-5) Where h—web width, section depths bij.b-—flange width in compression zone, tension zone of section respectively hj,hr-—flange depth in compression zone, in tension sone of section respectively. The flange width adopted in calculation shal still conform tothe stipulations of Be< b + 6h and 5:56 + 6h, 3 Box section Hah, — by) Ex= 2" ian, — (55 — 2049] (1.6.3-6) Where 6,..x-—dimensions of short side, long side of box section respectively W, 7.6.4 Torsional load-bearing capacity of pure torsion member with rectangular section shall. comform to the following, stipulations: 70.358, 41 ave, fade (7.6.4-1) 2 Aas (7.6.4-2) SwAat owe For reinforced concrete pure torsion member, its £ value shall conform (0 the requirement of 0.6 S<1.%, when §> 1.7, taking {= 1.7 For the eccentricity ¢,o< h/6 prestressed concrete pure torsion member, when it conforms to {> 1.7, the influence item of prestressing 0.05 Ne W, can be added to the right side of the equation 0 (7.6.41). Here, the value of ip shall conform to the stipulation of the Clause 7.6.2 of the codes in the equation (7.6.4-1), taking {= 1.7. Where {—value of rato for the strength of the longitudinal torsional steel reinforcements 10 the strength of the ste Agi——In the torsional calculation, the total sectional areas of symmetrically arranged longitu- inal nonprestressed steel reinforcements; Aq—the sectional area of single limb of stirrup provided along the perimeter of section in the 6torsional calculation: fy——design value for tensile strength of torsional stimups can be adopted according t0 the values of fin the Table 4.2.3-1 of the codes design value for tensile strength of torsional longitudinal steel reinforcement ean be adopted according to the Table 4.2.3-15 Aqg—eore portion area of section, Ave = Beorhcys Here, Brys Hye denote the length of short side and long side for the core portion of section within inmer suxface of stimups respse- tivelys Uaye—eore portion perimeter of section tay = 2( Pour + hones of presressing shall not be considerel, ut the eaulton shall De cared ot in terms of reife cone pre toson ember 7.6. For pure torsion member with T-shaped or I-shaped sections, the section of member can be divided into several rectangular sections, and the torsional load-bearing capacity of each section ean then be calculated separately in accordance with the Clauese 7.6.4 of the code Design value of the torque of each eoctangular section shall be calculated in accordance following stipulations: 1 For web Ni I £<1.7 or ey> A/5, the ilies it the 1, = Ee (7.6.5-1) 2 For compression ange T%= (7.6.5- 3 For teosion flange 1, = Mer (7.6.5-3) Where T—design value of torque sustained by metnber sections T.—~design value of torque sustained by webs T;,.Te——design value of torque sustained by compression flange or tension flange respectively. 7.6.6 The torsional load-bearing capacity of reinforeed conercte pure torsion member with box section shall comfonmn to the following stipulations: Awa Tc 0.35a4f,¥, + 1.20 8p (7.6.6) Where ax—influence coefficient for wall thickness of box section; a, = 2-5t./by, when ay > 1.0, taking a= 1.0 Here, the value of & shall be calculated acconding to the equation (7.6.4-2) of the code and shall conform to the requirement of 0.6<< $< 1.7. when §>1.7, taking § = 1.7. ee7.6.7 Under the combined effects of axial compressive force and torque of rectangular section reins forced conerete member, the torsional load-bearing capacity shall conform to the following stipulations rey, Batten ; 7 <0.35f,.W, + 1.21 Gy +0.07 tm, (7.6.7) Where _N—design value of axial compeessive force coresponding to design value of torque T', when N>0.3/,A, taking N=0.3f, A—sectional area of member. Here, the value of £ shall be determined according to the stipulations in the Clause 7.4.6 of the code. 7.6.8 ‘The rectangular section shear and torsion member under the combined effects of shearing force and toma, its shear and torsional load-bearing capacity shall conform to the following stipulations: 1. Common shear and torsion memeber 1) Shear load-bearing capacity Vc (1.5 ~ 8)(0.Thiblig + 0.05% p) + 1.25/,, (7.6.8-1) eases 7 vos (7.6.8-2) Toh Where A,,—required sectional area of stimups for shear load-bearing capacity; A. —teduetion factor for torsional load-bearing capacity of conerete in commen shear and torsion member: when 2, <0.5, taking 2) Torsional foad-beating capacity 0.5; when 2,>1, taking 2, 7 = 9(0.35/ + 0.05 Mt) w, 4 1.2Ve p, Anam (7.6.8-3) Here, the value of shall be determined acconing to the stipulation in the Clause 7.6.4 of the code. 2. Independent shear anc forsion member under the effect of concentrated load 1) Shear load-bearing capacity Vc C5 ~ B)( E75 fib + 0.05%) + 5, “ho (7.6.8-4) Ls eels (7.6.85) 140.24 +1) Toho Where A—the ratio of shear span to depth for calculated section, it is adopted accortit ipulations in the Clause 7.5.4 of the codes reduction factor of torsional load-bearing capacity of shear and torsional member under the effects of concentrated load: when 2, <0.5. taking = 0.53 when B,> 1, taking Bel jonal load-bearing capacity to the 2) 7 ‘The torsional load-bearing capacity shall still be ealeulated acconting tothe equation (7.6.8-3) Cc)but the By in equation shall be calculated according to the equation (7.6.8-5) 7.6.9 Shear and torsional load-bearing, capacity of T-shaped or L-shaped section shear and torsion ‘member shall be calculated according to the following stipulations: 1 Shear load-bearing eapacity of shear and torsion member is calculated by the equations (7.6. 8-1) and (7.6.8 -2) or (7.6.8-4) and (7,6.8-5)but T and W, shall be replaced by Ty and Woe respectively in the calculations 2. The torsional load-bearing capacity of shear and torsion member can be calculated separately by dividing the section of member into several rectangular sections: web may be calculated by the e- quations (7.6.8- 2) and (7.6.83), or equations (7.6.8 - 3) and (7.6.8:5), but T and W, shall be replaced by 7, and Wy respectively in the calculation; compression flange and tension flange can ‘be calculated according to the stipulations of pare torsion in the Clause 7.6.4 of the code, but T and W, shall be replaced by 1"; and W'scor by and Wy respectively in the caleulation 7.6.10 Shear and torsional load-bearing capacity of box section reinforeed concrete shear and torsion member shall conform to the following stipulations 1 Common shear and torsion member 1) Shear load-bearing capacity V <0.7(1.5 ~ fydfibho + 4.25f,y 4s ho (7.6.10-1) 2) Torsional load-bearing capacity T < 0.35a,8 4", + L.2V ep, Mater (7.6.10-2) The values of, in the above two equations shall be calculated according tothe equation (7.6.8- 2)of the code, but shall be replaced by 24.7 in the equation; the values of a and £ shall be de- termined by the stipulations of the Clause 7.6.6 of the code. 2 Independent shear and torsion member under the effects of concentrated load 1) Shear load-bearing capacity A, Vg (5 ~ BO ED Sido + fy Pho (7.6.10-3) ‘The value of £, in the equation shall be calculated according to the equation (7.6.8-5) of the code, but 17; in the equation shall be replaced by a, 2) Torsional load-bearing capacity ‘The torsional load-bearing capacity shall still be calculated aconting to the equation (7.6. 10- 2), but the value of in the equation shall be calculated accoring to the equation (7.6.8:5) and W, in the equation shall be replace by aM. 7.6.11 The load-bearing capacity of the flexural shear torsional members with rectangular, T= shaped, I-shaped sections, under combined effects of be be calculated acconting to the fllowing stipulations: 1 When V<0.35/,bho or V<0.875/ibho/( + 1), it may be calculated separately as the ‘normal section flexural load-bearing capacity of flexural member, and as the torsional Ioad-bearing ca- ng moment, shearing force and torque can 70pacity of pure torsion members 2 When T<0.175/,W, or T<0.175eiJ/iW, it may be calculated separately as the normal section flexural load-bearing capacity and as the inlined section shoar load-bearing capacity of flexural member 7.6.12 For the flexural shear torsional members with rectangular, ‘T-shaped, [shaped sections and box section, the sectional area of longitudinal steel reinforcements shall be determined according to the calculations ofthe noma) section Rexura load-bearing capacity ofthe flexural metaber and the torsional load-bearing capacity of shear and torsional member respectively, and it shall be provided at corte- sponding postions the sectional area of stirrups shall be determined according to the ealeulations of the shear load-bearing capacity and the torsional load-bearing capacity respertively of shear and torsional member, and it shall be provided at comesponding position 7.6.13 The shear and torsional load-bearing capacity for the reinforced concrete colum of frame with rectangular section, under the combined effects of axial compressive force, bending, moment, shearing foree and tongue shall comfonm &y dhe following stipulations 1 Shear load-bearing capacity V<(15~8)( 7 fitho + 0.078) + jf, A%ha (7.6.13-1) 2 torsional load-bearing capacity T < B(0.35f, + 0.07N/A)W, + 1.20 Gy Aedes (7.6.13-2) Where A—ratio of shear span to depth for calculated section, determined according to the Clause 7.5.12 of the code. The values of f, in the above two equations shall be calculated acconting to the equation (7.6.8 5) and the value of & shalt be determined according to the stipulations in the Clause 7.6.4 of the code 7.6.14 For the reinforced concrete column of frame with rectangular section under the combined ef- fects of axial compressive foree, bending moment, shearing force and torque, when T'< (0.175, + 0.035'V/A) W,, it can be calculated only acconting to the normal section compressive load-bearing, capacity of the eocet ric compression member and the shearing load-bearing capacity of the inclined section for column of frame: respectively 7.6.18 For the reinforced conezete colunin of frane with rectangular section under the combined ef= fects of axial compressive force, bending moment, shearing force and torque, the sectional areas of longitudinal steel reinforcement shall be determined acconding to the calculation of the normal section compressive load-bearing eapacity of the eccentric compression member and the torsions! load-bearing capacity of shear and torsional member respectively, and it shall he provided at corresponding positions the sectional areas of stirups shall be determined acconding to the shearing load-bearing capacity and the torsional load-bearing capacity respectively of shear and torsional member, and it shall be provided at coresponding position. n7.6.16 The redistribution of stresses shall be considered to the torque of supporting beam, the rein- forced concrete supporting beam, which is restrained by neighbouring members, belongs to the struc- tural member to coordinate the torsion ‘The load-bearing capacity of supporting beam after the redistribution of stresses shall be calculated acconting to the flexural shear torsional member and the langitudinal steel reinforcements and stirrups shall be provided in accordance with the stipulations in the Clauses 10.2.5, 4.2.11 and 10.2.12 of the code. Note: The eer design method, which has the sou! basis, canals be adopted 7.7 Calculation of Punching Shear Load-bearing Capacity 7.7.1 For reinforced concrete slab ithout stirups or bent-up steel reinforcements under the effects of local load or concentrated reaction, the punching shear load-bearing capacity shall conform to the ialiowing stipulations(Fig. 7.7.1): aon 2 « Fig. 7.7.1 Caleulation of punching shear loach beasing capacity of slab (a) uner the effet of local lots (b) under the effet of concentrated reartion| | inclined section of punching flue cone;2—eritial section: perimeter of critical section:4—bettm face lines of failure punching cone Fr (O.1Bih + 0.15.0) Raho (1.7.1-D) The factor 7 in the equation (7.7.1-1) shall be calculated by the fellowing two equations and the smaller value may be taken (7.7.1-2) ako uty Where Fy —design value of local load or concentrated reaction: for the nodal point of slab-column 2 ne05+ (1.7.43)sinicture, the difference value between storys forthe design value of axial compressive force supported by column minus the design value of loading within the range of punching failure cone supported by slab is taken; where the unbalanced bending mo- ‘ment shall be determined according, to the stipulations of the Clause 7.7.5 of the codes influence coefficient for depth of section: when h<800mm, taking 8, =1.0; when Be ‘h22000mm, taking f,=0.95 the intermediate values may be taken by the linear interpolation; ‘f—design value of axial ensle strength of concrete; Gye: —Weighted mean-value of effective compressive prestess of concrete in terms of length in the two diretions on the perimeter of critical section, the values may be controlled within the range of 1.0~3.5 N/mm? u,—perimeter of eritical section: the most unfavorable perimeter of the vertical section of slab located at a distance hp/2 from the periphery of acting area for local lead oF con centrated reactions hg—elfective depth of section, taking the mean-value for the effective depth of sections in the two proving directions of steel reinforcements; 71— influence coefficient of the acting area shape for local load or concentrated reaction: 72—influence coefficient of the ratio for the perimeter of eritical section to the effective depth of section for slabs -—natio for the long side to the short side when the acting area of local load or conce taking trated reaction is rectangular, , may not exeeed 4; when P< when the area is roundly, taking 8, influence coefficient of the column type in slab-column structure: for central column taking a, = 20. 7.7.2 When a slab has a hole and the distance from hole to the edge of acting area for local load or taking 2,=40; for side column, taking a, =30; for comer colum concentrated reaction is not greater than 0.6 ho» the perimeter of critical section fy, which is taken in the calculation of punching shear load-bearing capacity, shall deduct the length including between two tangent lines, there are drawn out from the center of acting area for local load or concentrated reac- tion to the two outer edges of hole respectively (Fig .7.7.2) Nate: When f,> la inthe Fig. the perimeter of hole 13 i substnted by «/Tyl ion, when the requi 7.7.3. Under the acting of local load and concentrated ements for punching shear load-bearing capacity in the Clause 7.7.1 of the code is not satisfied and the thickness of the slab is limited, hence the stirrups and bent-up steel reinforcements may be provided. Meanwhile, the section for punching shear shall conform to the following condition: F< 1.05f.quqho 1.7.3-1) ‘The punching shear load-bearing capacity of reinforced conerete slab with stirrups or bent-up stel 3 reinforcements shall conform to the following stipulations: BFig.7.7.2. Pevanter of critical section acento the hole | eting an fr lal oad ae consented resin: —perneer of sa ton: ofes4—the lng shal be dace 1 When stirrups are provided, Fy < (0.35f, + 0.154040) Masho + O.8fAave (1.7.3-2) 2 When bent-up steel reinforcements are provided, F, < (0.35f, + 0-13 ,e.4) Mmho + 0-8f,Adasina (7.7.3.3) Where A.y.—tolal sectional area of stirrups intersecting the inclined section of punching failure cone with 45° Ay —total sectional area of bent-up steel reinforcements intersecting the inclined section of the punching failure care with 45° included angle between the bent-up steel reinforcement and the bottom surface of sab Stierups or bent-up steel reinforcements provided in the reinforced conerete slab shall conform to the detailing requirements stipulated in the Clause 10.110 of the code. For sections, which are beyond the punching shear failure cone provided with punching shear steel reinforcements, shall still carry on the calculation of the punching shear load-bearing capacity in ‘econdance with the requirements in the Clause 7.7.1 of the code, meantime, the most unfavorable perimeter j2» located at 0.5 ho beyond the punching failure cone provided with punching shear steel reinforcements shall be taken. Note: When the relihleevidenoes are available, other elective punching shear reinforcements (e.g. T-shaped steel, tel chanel, shear anchor bolt, U-shaped hoop of fa steel et.) can ako be provided 7.7.4. For the stepped foundation of a rectangular section column, the punching shear load-bearieg capacity atthe junction of column and foundation, as well as, a the change of foundation steps shall confor to the following stipulations (Fig. 7.7.4) Fy Ay shall take Aggy = Aut fj —tesign value of tensile strength of steel reinforcement may be adopted acconting to the Table 4.2.3+1 of the codes @—reduction coefficient for the concrete is restrained by indirect reinforcement, it may be adopted according tothe Clause 7.3.2 of the code: Acg—for the area of concrete core within the range for inner surface of square grid mesh oF spiral indirect reinforcement, its centroid shall coincide with centroid of Ay. in the calculation its value is taken aeconting to the principle of concentric or symmetric to the calculated bottom area. p—olumetric ratio of indirect reinforcement (the volume of indirect reinforcement is, (7.8.3-3) contained in unit volume of concrete within the range of core area Aje)$ ny Aqj—rnumber of reinforcements along the di 1, of square grid mesh and the sectional area of single piece of steel reinforcement respectively ny. A—number of reinforcements along the direction 1; of square grid mesh and the sectional area of single piece of reinforcement respective A,a—sectional area of single piece of spiral indireet reinforcements dq-—diameter of concrete section within the range for inner surface of spiral i forcement; s—spacing of square grid meshs or spiral indirect reinforcements; 30-80 mm is desir- 1able. Indirect reinforcement shall be provided within the range of h stipulated in (Fig. 7.8.3.), shall not be less than 4 pices, for square grid mesh reinforcements and shall not be less than 4 circles, for spiral reinforcement . For column joint, h shall not be less than 15d. d denotes the diameter of lon- gitudinal steel reinforcement of column hot A A, i Fig, 7.8.3 Indimetreinfoecements fo local cempresion sone Cagis gd wes infront (+) inet 7.9, Checking Calculation of Fatigue 7.9.1. The normal section fatigue strese in flexural reraber, which is in need of the checking caleu- lation of fatigue, shall be caleulated according to the following basic assumptions: 1. Strained section remains planes 2. The diagram for normal steess of concrete in the compression zone is to be triangular: 3° For reinforced concrete members, the concrete tensile strength in the tension zone is not con- sidered; all tensile forces are sustained by the longitudinal steel reinforcements; for prestressed con- crete members in which crack is not allowed, the diagram of normal stress distribution of concrete in the tension zone i 4) Transformed sections are used for the calculation 7.9.2. In the checking calculation of fatigue, the characteristic value of load shall be uscd the dy- namic coefficient shall be considered for crane load and the dynamic coefficient for erane load shall be taken from the values specified in the National Standard “Load Code for Design of Building Structures” GB 50009. For crane ginder with a span not greater than 12m, the load of one of the largest erane rary be adopted 7.9.3 The checking calculation of fatigue for reinforced concrete lexural members, the stresses in 8 fo be triangularsthe following portions shall be calculated: 1 The sts tude of stress for iongitudinal tensile reinforcements: 2. ‘The shearing stress of concrete in the neutral axis of section and the rang of stres for stimups. Note: Checking calculation of fatigue may not he necessary for lngtulinal compression tel reinforcement. of conerete extreme fiber in the compression zone of normal section and the ampli- 7.9.4 Fatigue stress in the normal section of reinforced concrete flexural members staff conform to the following requirements: ham fe (7.9.4-1) aol < Ay (7.9.4-2) Where of,n-—when in the checking calculation of fatigue, the compressive stess of concrete at ‘extreme fiber in compression zone of section may be calculated acvording to the e- uation (7.9.5-1) of the codes Ao\;—when in the checking calculation of fatigue, the range of sires forthe i layer lon gitudinal steel reinforcements in tension zone of seetion may be calculated accord- ing to the equation (7.9.5-2) of the codes _f—design value of axial compression fatigue strength of concrete may be detereained by the Clause 4.1.6 of the codes Af—limit value for fatigue amplitude of stress for steel reinforcements may be adopted according to the Table 4.2.5-1 ofthe code Note: When the longing wasion sel renner belong to he same pe of ste, only the anplinade of sis or the utmost layer tel reinforcement may he checking clclatd 7.9.5 The compressive stress of concrete for normal section of minfved concrete flexural members and the range of stres for steel reinfornements shall be calculated according tothe following equation 1. Stress in concrete at extreme fiber of compression zone i Oe = Meo (7.9.5-1) 4 2 amplitude of stress of longitudinal tension steel reinforcements dot, mss ~ Fi in (7.9.5-2) nin = Mis ho; ~ 30) (7.9.5-3) Oh an = af Matas = 40) (7.9.5.4) Where Mio. M!,,—when in the checking calculation of fatigue, the maximum value, minimum sale of bending moment reapetively caused by comesponding lad combina- tion on the same section; sain O%iyna—stress in i layer longitudinal steet reinforcements for tension zone of come= sponding section caused by bending moment M‘ac, Mbyin respectively: a-——the value for ratio of elastic mexkilus of steel reinforcement to modulus of fa- 79tigue deformation for concrete: a= F,/E! xzo——when in the checking calculation of fatigue, the transformed depth for com- presion zone of section comesponding to bending moments Max and Migg in the same directions distance from the edge for compression zone of section to the sectional cen- ho: trod of the & layer longitudinal reinforcements in tensile zone, when come- sponding to My, and Mls in the same direction, When the bending moment Mx, is oppesite to the bending moment Mi. in diction, then the hhois0 and If in the equation (7.9.5-3) shall be substituted by hc. xh and 1§ of the seetion in ope posite position 7.9.6 When in the checking calculation of fatigue for reinforced concrete flexural members, the depth of transformed section in the compression zone xp, x4 and the moment of inertia 1, 1§ for the transformed section shall be calculated by the following equations: 1 Rectangular section, T-shaped section with flange in the tension none B84 afA (x0 ~ a.) — ab A.(ho ~ x0) = 0 (7.9.6-1) he iad + abAY(x9 = af)? + af AC hg = x0)* (7.9.6.2) 2 L-shaped sectiem, T-shaped section with flange in the compression zone 1) When 29 > hf (Fig.7.9.6) ae ye Biss Wi = DYC0= BO 4 gba Cay — at) ~ ab Aso ~ 40) = 0 (7.9.6-3) Bh = Hed i= DCD BP? 4 ghaay — at)* + abAd( ho ~ 20)? (7.9.64) oe cE n@ A Lezz] “AY Fig. 7.9.6 Caletion of noma section fatigue ste in reinforced concrete flexural member 2), When << hismay be caleulated as a rectangular section with a width 6. 3. The above relevant equations of xo, 15 may still be adopted to caleulate xp and 15; When the directions of bending moment, M.,.Mlay are opposite, the positions of compression zones related to xo. xq shall be at the lower and upper sides of this section; when the direction of bending moment Mbigy Mig are samme, then the 2'g = 29,18 = IS may be adopted. 80layers along the depth of section, item A, and hy in shove mentioned! eatin shall be calulaed scconting to the separated A; and hy, at ear yer Note: When tere steel reinforcement is arange in m 2. ‘The sires of longittinal compression sel reinforcement shall conform othe reuirements for the cond tion of koh fyi when ofo! > fy. tha the af A’ in the equation of this Clase shall be replaced by S,AV/e, wheres the design vale of strength for compression steel reinforcement, of isthe conerete stress a the pint fr resultant of ores of logins! compresion sel reinforcements 7.9.7 The checking calculation of fatigue for reinforced concrete flexural members and distribution of shearing forces shall conform to the following stipulations: 1 When the shearing stress at the neutral axis of the reinforced concrete flexural member con form to the following conditions: th <0.6f, (7,9.7-1) then all the tensile sess in this zone may be sustained by concrete, meanwhile the straps may be provided according to det Where r'—the shearing stress at the neutral axis of section may be calculated according to the Clause 7.9.8 of the cas ‘fi —the design value for axial tensile fatigue strength of conerte may be determined ac- conting to the Clause of 4.1.6 inthe code 2 For portion where the shearing stress at the neutral axis of section does not comply with the uation (7.9.7 - 1), the shearing stress shall be sustained jointly by stimups and concrete. Mean- while, the amplitude of stress of the stimups Ao", shall conform to the following stipulations Aon = My (7.9.7-2) Where Az—the amplitude of stress for stirrups may be ealeulated acconting to the equation (7.9.9.4); Af, —the limit value for fatigue amplitude of stress for stimups may be adopted according to the Aff, in the Table 4.2.5-1 7.9.8 The shearing stress at the neutral axis of the reinforced conerete flexural member shall be eal~ culated by the following equation: ve Petree le ) ia (7.9.8 Where Vig,——value of maximum shearing force in checking calculated section of member under the effects of corresponding load combination, used for checking calculation of fatigues b 2)7—~distance from the point for resultant of forces in compression zone to the point for re= width of rectangular section and web width of T-shaped, I-shaped sectionss sultant of forces of tensile steel reinforcements; meanwhile, the depth of compres~ sion zone 9 may be calculated acconfing to the equation (7.9.6-1) or (7.9.63) 7.9.9 The amplitude of stress for stirups on inclined section of reinforced conerete flexural member shall be calculated by the following equation (AVhg, = 0.1 9f{Bho)s Azo ot = (7.9.9-1) 81AVbe = Vhaw — Vi (7.9.9-2) 1 = MWha/ Vax (7.9.9-3) Where AV‘,,—value for maximum amplitude of shearing force in checking calculated section of member, used for checking calculation of fatigues Vi—value for minimum shearing force in checking calculated section of member under the combination of corresponding loads, used for checking calculation of fatigues ‘J—maximum relative amplitude of shearing forces s—spacing between stirrups: Aqy—total sectional area ofall stimup limbs provided within the same section 7.9.10 When checking calculation of fatigue of prestressed concrete flexural member, the stresses in the following postions shall be calculated: 1. Stresses in concrete extreme fiber on the tension and compression zones of normal section, as well as the amplitude of stess for longitudinal prestressed, non-prestressed steel reinforcements in the tension zones 2 Principal tensile tress in concrete at positions such asthe centroid of the section, as well as the acute change in the width of setion Note: The checking cleulation of tine for prereset logit sel reinorcemests inthe compression ze ray oat be required « 7.9.11 Fatigue stress in normal section of prestressed concrete flexural member shall conform to the following stipulations 1 Stresses concrete exteme fiber of the tension zone or the compression zone 1) In case of compressive stress comm < fi (7.9.11-1) 2) In case of tensile stress Sma St (7.9.11-2) 2 Amplitude of stress for prestressed longitudinal stel reinforcements in the tension zone

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