Professional Documents
Culture Documents
German For Beginners
German For Beginners
German
for beginners
in 7 lessons
Study course
2012
http://german.eustudy.ru/en
Contents
Lesson 1. Pronounces and verbs. Numerals........................................................................................ 4
Exercise 1.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Exercise 2.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Exercise 3. Verb sein (to be)............................................................................................................. 7
Lesson 2. Questions. ............................................................................................................................ 9
Exercise 1. Ask questions. .............................................................................................................. 10
Exercise 2........................................................................................................................................ 10
Exercise 3........................................................................................................................................ 10
Exercise 4........................................................................................................................................ 12
Exercise 5. Ask questions to marked words. .................................................................................. 13
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 14
Lesson 3. Modal verbs........................................................................................................................ 15
Exercise 1. Put verbs into correct form. .......................................................................................... 18
Exercise 2........................................................................................................................................ 19
Exercise 3. Put appropriate modal verbs into blank spaces. .......................................................... 20
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 21
Lesson 4. Subordinate clause. ........................................................................................................... 22
Exercise 1. Weil or Damit?.............................................................................................................. 24
Exercise 2. Weil or Damit?.............................................................................................................. 24
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 26
Lesson 5. Akkusativ. ........................................................................................................................... 27
Exercise 1. Verb haben (to have).................................................................................................... 29
Exercise 2. Put articles to marked words (Nominativ or Akkusativ)................................................ 30
Exercise 3. Put into correct form. .................................................................................................... 30
Additional materials on the topic ..................................................................................................... 31
Lesson 6. Dativ. .................................................................................................................................. 32
Exercise 1. Put words in brackets into correct case (Nominativ, Akkusativ or Dativ)..................... 33
Exercise 2. Position or direction? Wo or Wohin?............................................................................ 34
Lesson 7. Past Tense. ........................................................................................................................ 35
Exercise 1. Write sentences using the Past Tense Perfekt. ........................................................ 36
Exercise 2. Write sentences using the Past Tense Perfekt. ........................................................ 37
Additional information...................................................................................................................... 38
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Pronouns
I
you (to your friend, relative or fellow)
he
she
It
we
you (to your friends, relatives or fellows,
e.g. Hey, you two!)
Sie you (to your boss(es), unacquainted or
much elder person(s); polite speech);
sie they
ich
du
er
sie
es
wir
ihr
Iron rule of German: All German verbs always consist of stem plus ending -en or just -n:
http://german.eustudy.ru/en
To put a verb into correct form, e.g. the verb to live wohnen, and to say correctly: he
lives, and not just: he live, you should take away the -en-ending and add the correct
ending to the stem, depending on the pronoun you want to combine the verb with:
Ich wohn+e I live
Du wohn+st You live (ONE person: friend, relative or fellow)
Er, sie, es wohn+t He, she, it lives
Wir wohn+en We live
Ihr wohn+t You live (MULTIPLE persons: friends, relatives or fellows)
Sie, sie wohn+en You live (polite speech to ONE/MULTIPLE person(s): boss(es),
unacquainted or much elder person(s)), they live
Wohnen
Ich wohn+e
Du wohn+st
Er, sie, es wohn+t
Wir wohn+en
Ihr wohn+t
Sie, sie wohn+en
Lets consider the often used verb to think denken:
Ich denk+e I think
Du denk+st You think
Er, sie, es denk+t He, she, it thinks
Wir denk+en We think
Ihr denk+t You think
Sie, sie denk+en You, they think
Verb heien to have name, to be named, to be called (the letter is read like
s). Without this verb youll be able neither to introduce yourself nor to ask somebody
about his name or the name of any object or action (How is it called if I make signs with a
pen in my notebook? Its called to write. Wie heit es, wenn ich in meinem Helf
Zeichen mit einem Kugelschreiber mache? Das (Es) heit schreiben.) So, as you see,
its a rather important verb.
This verb is conjugated NOT according to the general rule, but for now, it would be
enough if you just keep in your mind its conjugation.
Ich heie My name is
Du heit Your name is
Er,sie,es heit His, her, its name is
Wir heien Our names are
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Exercise 1
1. Ich hei
2. Ich lern
3. Ich wohn
4. Ich studier
5. Ich verdien
Richard.
9. Er arbeit
10. Er wohn
in Moskau.
Exercise 2
1. Ihr lern
Deutsch.
2. Wir studier
viel.
3. Du wohn
in Moskau.
4. Ihr studier
hier.
http://german.eustudy.ru/en
You have certainly noticed that some words start whit a capital-letter.
Iron rule of German: all nouns start with capital-letters.
Now, lets try to tell about your age. Well focus upon the most used numerals.
From 0 to 9
0 null
1 eins
2 zwei
3 drei
4 vier
5 fnf
6 sechs
7 sieben
8 acht
9 neun
From 10 to 19
10 zehn
11 elf
12 zwlf
13 dreizehn (3,10)
14 vierzehn (4,10)
15 fnfzehn (5,10)
16 sechzehn
17 siebzehn
18 achtzehn
19 neunzehn
From 20 to 29
20 zwanzig
21 einundzwanzig (1 and 20)
22 zweiundzwanzig (2 and 20)
23 dreiundzwanzig (3 and 20)
24 vierundzwanzig
25 fnfundzwanzig
26 sechsundzwanzig
27 siebenundzwanzig
28 achtundzwanzig
29 neunundzwanzig
Decades
10 zehn
20 zwanzig
30 dreiig
40 vierzig
50 fnfzig
60 sechzig
70 siebzig
80 achtzig
90 neunzig
100 hundert
Now, well combine numerals with the very important German verb sein to be.
This verb is conjugated in spite of the general declination rule (as the English verb
to be is), so you just have to keep it in mind:
sein
Ich bin
Du bist
Er, sie, es ist
Wir sind
Ihr seid
Sie, sie sind
Using the verb sein, you can tell about your age:
Ich bin sechsundzwanzig (26) Jahre alt I am twenty six years old.
Er ist vierzig (40) Jahre alt. He is forty years old.
Du bist zwanzig (20) Jahre alt. You are twenty years old.
Student. (student)
2. Ich
faul. (lazy)
3. Ich
4. Sie
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5. Der Text
7. Wir
8. Das
9. Das
11. Du
12. Du
13. Ich
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
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In the last lesson you learned how to tell about yourself and your friends.
Now its time to learn asking questions and getting information you need
from your communication partner.
Well, it is very simple:
1. If you have NO interrogative word (how, where, when, why, who etc.), the verb
moves from the second place (remember the iron rule?) upon the first one.
2. If you have ANY interrogative word, it is placed first, and the verb remains its
second place according to the iron rule.
Example:
You work at school. Du arbeitest in der Schule.
1. Arbeitest du in der Schule? Do you work at school?
2. Wo arbeitest du? Where do you work?
We are going to the park Wir gehen in den Park.
1. Gehen wir in den Park? Are we going to the park?
2. Wohin gehen wir? Where are we going?
His name is Martin Er heit Martin.
1. Heit er Martin? Is his name Martin?
2. Wie heit er? What is his name?
Caught any analogy? (Is it a table? What is it? Ist das ein Tisch? Was ist das?)
The most used interrogative words:
Interrogative words
wie? how?
wer? who?
was? what?
wo? where? (position)
wohin? where? (direction)
woher? where from?
wann? when?
warum? why?
wie viel (wie viele)? how much (how many)?
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2.
3.
4.
sind Sie geboren? Ich bin in Bremen geboren. (Where were you born?
I was born in Bremen)
5.
alt sind Sie? Ich bin 27 Jahre alt. (How old are you?, lt old)
6.
7.
machen Sie hier? (machen to do, hier here) Ich suche die Wohnung.
(suchen to seek, to look for, die Wohnung flat)
8.
kommen Sie zu uns? (zu uns to ours (literally: to us)) Ich komme morgen
(morgen tomorrow)
Exercise 2.
Paul fragt Steve:
1. (besuchen)
du Deutschunterricht gern? (besuchen to visit, to go to,
der Deutschunterricht German lesson, gern gladly)
2. (arbeiten)
3. (sein)
2. Wo (wohnen)
3. (sprechen)
4. (lesen)
ihr?
ihr deutsch?
ihr viel zu Hause?
ihr?
2. (verstehen)
all)
3. (sein)
4. (machen)
10
Exercise 3.
Using interrogative words Wie? Wer? Was? Wo? Wie alt? Wie viel? Wohin?,
make up an interview with Tim.
1. Hallo, Ich frage etwas, OK? (etwas something)
Ja, natrlich. (sure)
2.
heit du?
Ich heie Tim.
bist du?
3.
wohnst du?
6. Und
arbeitet sie?
Sie arbeitet in der Schule. (die Schule school)
8.
Kinder haben deine Eltern? (die Kinder children, deine Eltern your
parents)
Sie haben drei Kinder, ich bin der lteste. (haben to have, der lterste the
eldest (one))
9. Und
heien sie?
Sie heien Ina und Eva.
11.
12.
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13. Vielen Dank fr das Interview, Tim. (Thank you very much for the interview, Tim)
Gern geschehen. (My pleasure)
Check up! http://german.eustudy.ru/en/Unterricht2Aufgabe3_antwort.php
Exercise 4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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Frage 5: Ihr ruft laut. (You call loudly, rufen to call, laut loudly, loud)
Wo ruft ihr? Was ruft ihr? Wie ruft ihr?
Frage 6: Ich lache jeden Tag. (lachen to laugh, jeden Tag every day)
Wo lachst du? Wann lachst du? Wie lachst du?
13
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
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14
Congratulations!
What people spend weeks or even months in different language courses for, you
know after two lessons!
So, what about today?
After this lesson youll be able to decorate your speech with words can,
want, know and make sentences like:
I can call you on Friday.
I must prepare everything.
They can do it later.
Iron rule of German: German verbs have only two places in a sentence: the
second one and the last one.
The verb on the second place is always in a conjugated form. The verb in the very
end of the sentence is either in the infinitive form or in any tense-appropriate form.
Well, in German English variant it would look like this:
I can you on Friday call.
I must everything prepare.
They can it later do.
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Verbs:
1. knnen can, to be able
Sie kann deutsch sprechen She can speak German.
Er kann nicht kommen He cannot come.
Ich kann morgen anrufen I can call tomorrow. (anrufen to call, to phone)
knnen
Ich kann
Du kannst
Er, sie, es kann
Wir knnen
Ihr knnt
Sie, sie knnen
2. mssen/sollen must/should
Ich muss nach Hause gehen I must go home. (nach Hause home (direction))
Du musst deiner Mutter helfen You should help your mother. (deiner Mutter
your mother, helfen to help)
Wir mssen bis morgen warten We must wait till tomorrow. (bis morgen till
tomorrow, warten to wait)
mssen/sollen
Ich muss
soll
Du musst
sollst
Er, sie, es muss
soll
Wir mssen
sollen
Ihr msst
sollt
Sie, sie mssen
sollen
3. wollen/mchten to want/would like
Er will Arzt werden He wants to become a doctor. (der Arzt doctor, werden to
become, to get)
Ich mchte Paul mitnehmen I would like to take Paul along. (mitnehmen to
take along)
Wir mchten mehr verdienen We would like to earn more. (mehr more)
Mchtet Ihr morgen zu uns kommen? Would you like to come to ours tomorrow?
(zu uns to ours (literally: to us))
wollen/mchten
Ich will
mchte
Du willst
mchtest
Er, sie, es will
mchte
Wir wollen
mchten
Ihr wollt
mchtet
Sie, sie wollen
mchten
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4. drfen may
Darf ich fragen? May I ask? (fragen to ask)
Darf ich reinkommen? May I come in? (reinkommen to come in)
drfen
Ich darf
Du darfst
Er, sie, es darf
Wir drfen
Ihr drft
Sie, sie drfen
5. mgen to like
Ich mag Eis. I like ice-cream. (das Eis ice-cream)
Er mag nicht arbeiten. He does not like working.
mgen
Ich mag
Du magst
Er, sie, es mag
Wir mgen
Ihr mgt
Sie, sie mgen
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6. (wissen) Peter
7. (mgen) Im Sommer
gladly)
8. (knnen) Meine Eltern
heute today)
9. (wollen) Ich
du aufstehen?
19. (knnen) Er
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Exercise 2.
1. Pommes
especially)
das gern fr dich tun. (fr dich for you, tun to do)
3.
ich nicht.
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19
warten (to wait)?". Ich finde meine Arbeit ganz interessant, aber ich
arbeiten, vielleicht (probably) noch ein Jahr. Dann
zurck (back).
Lets remember how our German English variant of modal verbs usage looks like:
I can you on Friday call. Ich kann dich am Freitag anrufen.
I should everything prepare. Ich soll alles vorbereiten.
They can it later do. Sie knnen spter das machen.
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20
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
http://german.eustudy.ru/en
21
Today well talk about why you do different things in your life. For example: Even
now, you are here because you want to learn German. And maybe youve just moved to
a big city where you can find a good job.
According to German grammar rules, the verb always remains on the second place
in the declarative sentence:
I learn German. Ich lerne Deutsch.
I am going to Germany. Ich fahre nach Deutschland.
In the main sentence we follow the above mentioned iron rule: Ich lerne Deutsch.
In the subordinate clause you should place the verb in the very end of the
sentence, NOT on the second place! Ich nach Deutschland fahre.
Then, we link these two parts with the conjunction weil because and build up a
correct German sentence (complex sentence).
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22
I learn German because Im going to Germany. Ich lerne Deutsch, weil Ich nach
Deutschland fahre.
You remain home because you does not speak German well yet. Sie bleiben zu
Hause, weil Sie noch nicht gut Deutsch sprechen. (bleiben to remain, noch nicht not
yet)
Unfortunately, I am not coming because I am driving my sister to the railwaystation. Leider komme ich nicht, weil ich meine Schwester zum Bahnhof fahre. (leider
unfortunately, meine Schwester my sister, der Bahnhof railway-station, fahren to
drive, to go (by any vehicle))
What should we do if there are two verbs in the dependant part (subordinate
clause)? If we have two verbs in the subordinate clause (its called compound predicate):
ich mchte nach Deutschland fahren (I would like to go to Germany), we should put the
verb which is usually on the second place (the conjugated one) mchte in the very
end of the sentence: ich nach Deutschland fahren mchte.
I learn German because I would like to go to Germany. Ich lerne Deutsch, weil
ich nach Deutschland fahren mchte.
You remain home because you can not speak German well yet. Sie bleiben zu
Hause, weil Sie noch nicht gut Deutsch sprechen knnen. (Many Russians can hear this
sentence at the German embassy when they try to get a visa )
Unfortunately, I can not come because I should drive my sister to the railwaystation Leider kann ich nicht kommen, weil ich meine Schwester zum Bahnhof fahren
soll.
How to say I learn German so that the Germans can understand me?
These two sentences are combined by means of the conjunction
damit so that:
I learn German so that the Germans can understand me. Ich lerne Deutsch,
damit mich die Deutschen verstehen knnen. (die Deutschen the Germans, verstehen
to understand)
Say it one more time so that they dont forget it. Sag es noch einmal, damit sie
es nicht vergessen. (noch einmal one more time, once again, vergessen to forget)
I tell you this story so that you dont do my mistake. Ich erzhle dir diese
Geschichte, damit du meinen Fehler nicht machst. (diese Geschichte this story,
erzhlen to tell, to narrate, der Fehler mistake)
The teacher repeats the rule once again so that all students understand it. Der
Lehrer wiederholt die Regel noch einmal, damit alle Studenten sie verstehen.
(wiederholen to repeat, die Regel rule, verstehen to understand)
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23
24
25
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
http://german.eustudy.ru/en
26
Lesson 5. Akkusativ.
Before you start, download audio lesson with extended explanation:
http://german.eustudy.ru/en/audiofiles/eng_germ/Unterricht5_voll.mp3
Today we are going to consider German nouns for the first time and to learn how to
operate with them.
For instance, how to say properly:
I work in a cafe and everyday I see a man coming with a woman to the cafe. He
orders a coffee and a fruit-cake and she takes just a cup of tee. In one hour the man
pays, takes the woman by the arm, and they leave.
The marked nouns in the text are direct objects - Accusative (Akkusativ). The
question for the direct object in German is What?, Whom? and Where? (direction). Lets
consider the sentences from the text:
I see (Whom?) a man. He comes (Where?) to the caf. He orders (What?) a coffee
and a fruit cake. She takes (What?) a cup of tee. The man takes (Whom?) the woman by
the arm.
In German it looks the following way:
Masculine
Nominative (Nominativ)
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?)
Accusative (Akkusativ)
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?)
Wohin? (Where?)
Feminine
Nominative (Nominativ)
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?)
Accusative (Akkusativ)
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?)
Wohin? (Where?)
Neutral
Nominative (Nominativ)
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?)
Accusative (Akkusativ)
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?)
Wohin? (Where?)
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Plural
Nominative (Nominativ)
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?)
Accusative (Akkusativ)
Wen? (Whom?) Was? (What?)
Wohin? (Where?)
These are the (_) people. Das sind die (_) Leute.
These are the (_) shops. Das sind die (_) Geschfte.
I see the (_) people. Ich sehe die (_) Leute.
They go to the (_) shops. Sie gehen in die (_)
Geschfte.
Nominative (Nominativ)
Wer? (Who?)
Was? (What?)
Accusative (Akkusativ)
Wen? (Whom?)
Was? (What?)
Wohin? (Where?)
Masculine
Feminine
Neutral
Plural
die Leute
der (ein)
die (eine)
das (ein)
die
den (einen)
die (eine)
das (ein)
die
The verb haben to have. When we use this verb, all nouns (objects), combined
with this verb, have the Accusative-form.
Declination of this verb is an exception of the general rule (as well as for English to
have):
haben
Ich habe
Du hast
Er, sie, es hat
Wir haben
Ihr habt
Sie, sie haben
Germans use negative article kein(e) to negate nouns. You can find very much in
common with the English no:
This is a woman. She has no man. Das ist eine Frau. Sie hat keinen Mann.
I have no time. Ich habe keine Zeit.
But:
This is not a girl. Das ist kein Mdchen.
I do not have any car. Ich habe kein Auto.
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Negation
Nominative
Negation
Accusative
Masculine
der (ein) Mann
kein
Feminine
die (eine) Frau
keine
Neutral
das (ein) Auto
kein
Ploral
die Freunde
keine
keinen
keine
kein
keine
This is a flat. This is not a flat, this is a house. I have no flat. Das ist eine
Wohnung. Das ist keine Wohnung, das ist ein Haus. Ich habe keine Wohnung.
Its a car. It isnt a car, its a bus. I have no car.. Das ist ein Auto. Das ist kein
Auto, das ist ein Bus. Ich habe kein Auto.
These are friends. They are not friends. He has no friends. Das sind Freunde.
Sie sind keine Freunde. Er hat keine Freunde.
2. Wir
3. Er
4. Du
5. Ihr
6. Mein Bruder
7. Ich
keine Lust. (die Lust desire, keine Lust no desire (very often used if
one doesnt want to do something))
8. Sie (she)
keine Ahnung. (die Ahnung idea, notion, keine Ahnung haben
to have no idea/notion (of something) (very often used if one doesnt know
something))
9. Sie (they)
10. Du
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29
2. Haben Sie
for me)
3. Wo kann ich
4. Ich suche
shop, store)
Bahnhof (der) ist nicht weit von hier. (nicht weit von hier not far from
here)
7. Es gibt
Schwimmbad (das) in unserer Stadt. (s gibt there is/are, das
Schwimmbad swimming-pool, in unserer Stadt in our city/town)
8. Es tut mir leid, aber ich wei auch nicht, wo
Apotheke (die) ist. (Es tut mir
leid I am sorry, its a pity, die Apotheke pharmacy, drugstore)
9. Entschuldigung, ich suche
Botschaft (die). (Entschuldigung sorry, excuse
me (before a polite compelation or question, or after doing something wrong or
bad, die Botschaft embassy)
Check up! http://german.eustudy.ru/en/Unterricht5Aufgabe2_antwort.php
http://german.eustudy.ru/en
30
And now, lets get back to the text from the beginning of the lesson. You are going to
understand all constructions in it easily now you know much indeed!
I work in a cafe and everyday I see a man coming with a woman to the cafe. He
orders a coffee and a fruit-cake and she takes just a cup of tee. In one hour the man
pays, takes the woman by the arm, and they leave.
Ich arbeite in einem Cafe und sehe jeden Tag einen Mann, der mit einer Frau in
das (in das = ins) Cafe kommt. Er bestellt einen Kaffee und einen Obstkuchen und sie
nimmt nur eine Tasse Tee. In einer Stunde bezahlt der Mann, nimmt die Frau unter den
Arm, und sie gehen weg. (weggehen to leave, to go away).
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
http://german.eustudy.ru/en
31
Lesson 6. Dativ.
Before you start, download audio lesson with extended explanation:
http://german.eustudy.ru/en/audiofiles/eng_germ/Unterricht6_voll.mp3
Today were going to continue one of the most difficult issues in German doing it the
simplest and most comfortable way.
And namely, how to say: I give my documents to the man in the office, I buy a
toy in the store, I give flowers to my wife in the cafe.
Here we deal with indirect objects. It accords with Dative (Dativ) in German and
answers questions To whom/which? and Where? (position)
I give my documents (to whom?) to the man (where?) in the office.
I buy a toy (where?) in the store.
I give flowers (to whom?) to my wife (where?) in the cafe.
In English indirect object can be also used without any preposition:
Tell the doctor about youve just told me. (doctor and me are indirect objects
we can recognize them by question (to) whom?)
In German it works like follows:
Masculine
Nominative (Nominativ)
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?)
Dative (Dativ)
Wem? (To whom/which?)
Wo? (Where?)
Feminine
Nominative (Nominativ)
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?)
Dative (Dativ)
Wem? (To whom/which?)
Wo? (Where?)
Neutral
Nominative (Nominativ)
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?)
Dative (Dativ)
Wem? (To whom/which?)
Wo? (Where?)
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Plural
Nominative (Nominativ)
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?)
Dative (Dativ)
Wem? (To whom/which?)
Wo? (Where?)
Nominative (Nominativ)
Wer? (Who?) Was? (What?)
Dative (Dativ)
Wem? (To whom/which?)
Wo? (Where?)
Masculine
Feminine
Neutral
Plural
die Leute
der (ein)
die (eine)
das (ein)
die
dem (einem)
der (einer)
dem (einem)
den Leuten
einen Hamburger.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
For us its rather important to know what difficulties you face when having our course. So, we
thankfully accept every comment or critics via Skype (eustudy.ru) or e-mail (contact@eustudy.ru).
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Now the foregoing 6 lessons are in the past and were starting the last but not least
topic of this initial course.
Our todays topic is the Past Tense in German or How to say I was in Berlin
yesterday, I bought new shoes a couple of days ago, I came back from Paris last
week and the most pleasing one Ive learned German!
Here we have to make a short introduction into correlation between German and
English grammar tenses (at last!):
Present Continuous/Simple/Perfect Continuos
Prsens
Present Perfect
Imperfekt/Perfekt
Imperfekt/Perfekt/Plusquamperfekt
German Perfekt consists of auxiliary verb haben (to have) or sein (to be) + Prtizip II
(participle II) of the main verb. The construction of Perfekt has very much in common with
the construction of English Perfect Tenses.
So, what about Partizip II? For most verbs they have a simple scheme: prefix ge- +
verb stem + ending -t instead of -en:
to buy kaufen = ge+kauf+t
to seek suchen = ge+such+t
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There are verbs in German which make Prtizip II in some different ways, for
example just by means of prefix ge-:
to drive fahren = gefahren (English: to work worked, but to drive driven)
to come kommen = gekommen (English: to come come)
to see sehen = gesehen (English: to see seen)
to sleep schlafen = geschlafen (English: to sleep slept)
There are also other models:
to be sein = gewesen (English: to be been)
Such irregular verbs you can find in the end of any dictionary or in the Internet.
Now, well try to make correct sentences. What should we do? We put properly
conjugated auxiliary verb upon the second place in the sentence (remember the iron
rule?), and Partizip II (participle II) of the main verb goes into the very end of the sentence.
Ich suche eine Wohnung in Berlin Ich habe eine Wohnung in Berlin gesucht.
Wir kaufen ein Auto Wir haben ein Auto gekauft.
Er malt ein Bild Er hat ein Bild gemalt. (malen to draw, das Bild picture)
Du arbeitest heute viel Du hast gestern viel gearbeitet. (gestern yesterday)
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As we mentioned, some verbs make Perfekt with auxiliary verb sein. These are
mainly verbs of movement: to drive, to go, to come, to fly, or verbs of state change: to
wake up, to stand up, to fall asleep, to grow, to die.
I come to Berlin
This is it!
For those whod like to download all 7 lessons in one file, you can use these links:
7 lessons in one pdf file: http://german.eustudy.ru/en/voll.pdf
7 lessons in one mp3 file: http://german.eustudy.ru/en/audiofiles/eng_germ/voll.mp3
Key to exercises in one pdf file: http://german.eustudy.ru/en/antworte.pdf
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Additional information
Thats all to our basic German course, and we hope youve managed everything to
200%. We thank you very much for the time weve been together. Now, as we promised,
you are able to talk to your German friends via Skype, read books consulting a dictionary,
use German web-sites and watch German YouTube-videos. If you feel like not having
understood something, you can anytime review our course using audio lessons and
workbook.
After this course, motivated by your success, you will probably turn on the heat to
travel to Europe which was impossible because of communication barriers. And maybe
you have decided to work for a German company and move to the Old World, or you have
recognized that there is nothing impossible or difficult in the new and concluded to aboutface your life. Anyway, we wish you good luck for your initiatives!
If you want to learn more about German, to work with native speakers and to polish
your skills, we invite you to our webinars, courses and lessons held by teachers from
Germany and Austria.
Learning German at our service and with the support of our professional team, you
are going to score your achievements in a very short time, saving your most valuable
resource time all the while as well.
Detailed schedule of webinars, courses and lessons you can find at our site:
http://german.eustudy.ru/en
We thank you and wish you to succeed in German!
Olena Shypilova and
eustudy.ru team
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