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KHOA IN T
------- ------
n Mn OrCAD:
THIT K MCH M SN PHM T 00-60 S DNG IC S
LI NI U
Ngy nay, vi s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc k thut, vic ng dng cc
linh kin bn dn phn no gim bt c gi thnh sn phm bng cc linh kin ri.
ng dng mn k thut s vo thit k cc b phn thit thc hng ngy gip chng ta
hiu c mn k thut s lm g v c ng dng vo u.
Mch m sn phm cng c ng dng v phc v rt nhiu trong cuc sng ca
chng ta.
Sau y em xin thit k mt mch m 60 sn phm dng IC 74LS90 l mt IC rt thng
dng trong k thut s.
Ngoi ra qu trnh thit k mch s dng phn mm h tr thit k mch OrCAD. V
mch nguyn l vi OrCAD Capture, v mch in vi OrCAD layout.
NI DUNG :
PHN I
C S L THUYT
I_C S L THUYT.
1- Tm tt.
Ni n bi ton m chng ta ngh ngay n vic l m xung cc IC s, s m
sn ln hay sn xung ca xung u vo cn m. m y l m xung vung)
mi gi tr sn ln hay sn xung ca xung c a vo IC m v c gii m
nh IC gii m sau m ha v hin th ra LED 7 thanh.
Mch m 60 sn phm gm 4 khi chnh :
- Khi to xung (s dng quang tr ,led pht siu sang,IC LM358)
- Khi m m BCD. (s dng IC74LS90).
- Khi gii m BCD (s dng IC7447).
- Khi hin th kt qu.(s dng LED 7 on).
2- Cc linh kin s dng trong mch
- IC 74LS90
- IC7447
- IC 7408
- LM 358
- Bin tr
- T
- LED tch hp hnh ch U
- LED pht siu sng
- LED 7 thanh
- Mt vi in tr...
II-Nguyn l v chc nng ca tng khi
1 Khi Ngun
Ngun in c s dng y l ngun mt chiu ly t c quy hoc pin.Cung cp
in p 5VDC n nh cho mch.
VCC
U 9A
3
2
R 21
10K
R 18
R 17
1K
10
R8
D2
Q u a n g T ro
L E D s ie u s a n g
LM 358
b. s chn
- Chn 8: L chn Vcc+
- Chn 4: L chn Vcc- Chn 1,7: L cc chn u ra.
- Chn 2,3,5,6: L cc chn u vo.
c. cng dng.
. IC LM358 s dng cho cc thao tc tnh ton analog. Gi l mch khuch i thut
ton, v vi s thay i ca cc linh kin bn ngoi, nn c s dng nhiu trong cc
bi ton khc nhau nh so snh,khuch i, chuyn i tn hiu, cng, tr.
2.2.2_ in tr
a.cng dng
Cng chnh ca in tr l khng ch dng in qua ti cho ph hp.
b.Hnh nh:
c.Bng mu ca in tr.
3_ Khi m BCD
*S chn ca IC74LS90.
Theo nh hnh trn ta thy dng sng cc ng ra ca hai mch cng m 10 nhng khc
nhau:
-Kiu m 2*5 cho tn hiu ra QD khng i xng
-Kiu m 5*2 cho tn hiu ra QA i xng.
3.3:IC 7408
L loi c 4 phn t ANDc lp, lgic dng, mi phn t c haiu vo, chung
ngunin, c 14 chn (cn gi l pin), chn 14 v chn 7 l chn +Vcc v chn GND,
gc di bn tri c du trn xcnh chn 1 v theo th t t tri sang phin chn 7,
t 8-14 theo th t t phi sang tri.
+Hnh nh thc t:
4_ Khi gii m
4.1_ IC 74LS47
- Mch gii m c s dng ph bin nht l dng hin th kt qu dng ch s. Do
c nhiu loi n hin th v nhiu loi m s khc nhau ln c nhiu mch gii m khc
nhau.
V d: gii m 3 ng ra 8 ng, gii m BCD ra thp phn...
IC74LS47 l loi IC gii m BCD sang led 7 on. Mch gii m BCD sang led 7 on l
mch gii m phc tp v mch phi cho nhiu ng ra ln cao hoc xung thp( ty vo
loi n led l anod chung hoc catot chung) lm cc n sng ln cc s hoc k t.
IC 74LS47 l loi IC tc ng mc thp c ng ra cc thu h v kh nng nhn dng
cao thc trc tip vo cc n led 7 on loi anod chung.
a_hnh dng v kch thc chn ngoi thc t:
*S chn ca IC74LS47.
i vi dng Led anode chung, chn COM phi c mc logic 1 v mun sng Led th
tng ng cc chn s-f,dp s mc logic 0.
mch
New
hin, nhp
ui .olb
Lu : ng dn
ny l ni cha th
vin sau khi to
xut hin,
Ca s ORCAD Capture xut hin, dng cc cng c trn thanh cng c bn phi
v linh kin trong khu vc to linh kin, iu chnh rng ca ng bao ny bng cch
chn ng bao sau gi v nhp chut ti kch thc ty .
S dng cng c Place Pin v chn linh kin, khi ca s place pin xut hin , mc
Name nhp tn linh kin , mc Number nh s chn, mc Shape chn dng chn,
mc Type chn kiu chn, chn xong cc mc ny th nhp OK. Khi s xut hin
chn linh kin di chuyn theo con tr chut , t chn vo v ch no th nhp chut
tri vo v tr , chuyn sang v tr tip theo s th t chn s t ng tng thm mt
( chnh sa tn v s th t chn bng cch nhy p chut tri vo chn ).
Dng cng c Place rectangle (biu tng hnh ch nht) trn thanh cng c v hnh
ch nht to khung cho linh kin( lu v hnh ch nht bm st ng bao).
t tn cho linh kin ,chn Place Text v nhp tn linh kin, sau di chuyn n
v tr thch hp v nhp chut chi. Kt thc bng cch nhn ESC trn bn phm .
Sau khi v xong linh kin bm nt Close
gc phi mn hnh, mt ca s thng bo
chn yes lu linh kin va to.
trn
hin ra,
Ch : s dng linh kin va to phi thm th vin cha linh kin ny( chn Place
Part
Add Library
...v chn linh kin va to)
VCC
R1
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b
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QA
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1 C LKA
C LKB
vcc
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7490
seg8
R2
R
1
2
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1
2
3
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7
7447
14
1 C LKA
C LKB
LM 358
D1
LED
r6
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3 R 01
6 R 02
7 R 91
R 92
QA
QB
QC
QD
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D3
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5 LT
RBI
A
B
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B I/R B O
7490
7447
13
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VCC
R1
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j3
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c12
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U3
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D1
D2
D3
3
5
13
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11
10
9
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14
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B
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D
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F
G
LT
RBI
a
b
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5
R 01
R 02
R 91
R 92
QA
QB
QC
QD
7
1
2
6
1
2
4
2
3
6
7
C LKA
C LKB
12
9
8
11
9
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9
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1
vcc
U1
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B I/R B O
7490
seg8
R2
R
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7447
LM 358
D1
LED
r6
2
3
6
7
C LKA
C LKB
R 01
R 02
R 91
R 92
QA
QB
QC
QD
3
5
D
D
D
D
0
1
2
3
LT
R BI
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
B I/R B O
7490
13
12
11
10
9
15
14
U7
a
b
7
1
2
6
10
9
8
7
6
U4
12
9
8
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20k
14
1
U2
IS O 1
vcc
7447
e
d
3
c
5
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1
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R 3V R 1
10k
8
r7
220
seg7
sau khi hon thnh s nguyn l ta tin hnh kim tra li . kim tra li ca s
nguyn l ,nhp chut vo biu tng Minimize gc phi pha trn mn hnh.
Mn hnh nh sau xut hin, ti khung bn tri nhp chn PAGE1. sau nhp chut vo
biu tng Design rules check trn thanh cng c kim tra li
VC C
R 9
R
li s
xanh v
ui .mnl
2_V s mch in
Bt Layout Plus mn hnh thit k mch in xut hin, nhp chut vo file new m
mt file mi
Hp thoi Load Template File chn file_default.tch( thng thng file ny nm ti
ng dn (C:\Program Files\Orcad\Layout_Plus\Data) bm open . Hp thoi Load
Netlist Source xut hin chn file ui .mnl to bc trc, bm open
Hp thoi save file as xut hin ,chn th mc mun lu ri bm save
Hp thoi Link footprint To Component xut hin , bm Link existing footprint to
component . chn chn cho linh kin
Li thng gp khi chn chn cho linh kin ,v d chn chn cm cho Swich 3 chn
chn ng loi 3 chn nhng vn c thng bo li nh sau:
Nhp chut vo biu tng ch T trn thanh cng c, sau nhp chut vo nhng ch
khng cn thit ri n phm delete xa n i.
chn thuc tnh cho text bng cch ko chut bi en n, xong bm chut phi
chn properties( phm tt Ctrl+E), chn layer l sstop.
o ri nhp chut vo biu tng Obstacle tool v ng bao cho chn linh kin . Ta
c s chn cho led 7 thanh nh sau:
va to vo
ORCAD
mnh
bng
Footprint,
d Led
chn tn th
vien tu tao .
Khi to xong chn cm v chn c chn cho linh kin, sau khi sp xp ta c:
Tip tc chn s lp cn thit cho mch in v chn kch thc, rng cho ng
mch.
chn s lp cho mch chn Tool
Layer
Select from spreadsheet . b i
nhng lp khng dng, chn lp cn b, nhp chut phi vo lp v chn Properties.
b khng chy dy lp chn Unused Routing, cn chy mch in lp , chn
Routinglayer . y ta chn lp TOP v i dy lp :
Sau khi chn rng ng mch in. Nhp chut vo biu tng Add/Edit Route
Mode nh hnh bn tin hnh i dy bng tay.
Ta c mch sau khi i dy nh sau :
Sau khi i dy ta c th kim tra li bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng Design Rule
Check nu c li s c khoanh trn
Tip n tin hnh v ng bao v ph ng cho mch in . Nhp chut vo biu tng
Obstacle Tool v ng bao cho mch in .
Nhp chut vo biu tng Text Tool vit tn mch v ngi thit k
Ta c th thay i rng ng mch in bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng Edit
Segment Mode ri nhp chut chi vo ng mch cn chnh sa tip tc nhp chut
phi ri chn Change width (hoc nhp chut chi ri n W) hp thoi Track Width
hin ra in gi tr rng mun thay i ( ch gi tr thay i khng c vt qu
gi tr Max Width chn trn ,nu ln hn th khi kim tra s c thng bo li )