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Energy and Flow Separation in The Vortex Tube: A Numerical Investigation
Energy and Flow Separation in The Vortex Tube: A Numerical Investigation
A Numerical Investigation
I.
INTRODUCTION
25
26
A. Governing Equations
+ u = 0
t
(1)
u
+ . uu = -p + 2u
t
(2)
Cp + .(uT) = k2 T
(3)
p
= RT
Parameter
(4)
Turbulence Model:
The effect of turbulence present in the flow is
captured by using standard k- turbulence model
proposed by Launder and Spalding [13] where the eddy
viscosity of momentum equation is modeled by
Values
Tube diameter, D
: 12 mm
Number of nozzles
:6
: 10
: 7 mm
: 0.07
Working medium
: Air
Density
Specific heat
: 1006.43 J/kg-K
Thermal
conductivity
: 0.0242 W/m-K
B. Boundary Condition
An appropriate physics based boundary condition is
must for successful solution of governing equation. In
present problem inlet boundary i.e. nozzle receives
compressed air and bifurcates into cold and hot streams
and exit through two outlet boundaries separately. So
pressure inlet at nozzle and pressure outlet at cold and
hot outlets is desirable. The working of vortex tube
explained by researchers reveals the presence of
stagnation zone closer to cone outlet which is bound to
influence pressure outlet condition. This outlet boundary
condition is different from the pressure condition
27
100000
150000
200000
250000
Nimber of cells
28
330
Temperature (K)
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
0.006 0.026 0.046 0.066 0.086 0.106
Axial position (m)
Fig. 8 : Axial and wall temperature variation along tube
length
Cold
Energy
Diffusion
Heat
Rejectio
n
a
Hot
29
400
350
300
250
100
50
200
150
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Effective
45
43
energy
41
39
separation
37
13
18
23
L/D Ratio
280
275
270
265
260
0.7
47
0.5
49
35
0.3
51
0.9
d/D ratio
30
V. CONCLUSION
50
45
40
35
30
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
Temperature in K
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
5
15
25
35
45
55
(iii) Tube wall temperature and tube wall heat flux does
not influence cold exit temperature. Additional
energy is carried away by hot air only.
VI. REFERENCES
Temperature in K
340
[1]
G. J.Ranque,
Method and apparatus for
obtaining from a fluid under pressure two outputs
of fluid at different temperatures, US patent No.
1:952, pp.281, 1934.
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
320
300
280
260
240
0
10
15
20
31
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
N.F.
Aljuwayhel,
G.F.
Nellis,
S.A.Klein,"Parametric and internal study of the
vortex tube using a CFD model, International
Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 28(3), pp. 442450,
2005.
[13]
32