Target

Biological Role

IL-1 (IL-1!
and -")
IL-2

Macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial

cells, other cells
TH1 cells

TH and B cells and various other tissues

Activation (other details provided in the text)

TH, TC and NK cells

IL-3

TH1 and TH2 cells, mast cells, NK cells

Hematopoietic and mast cells

IL-4

TH2 cells, mast cells, NK cells

B cells, T cells, mast cells, macrophages

IL-5
IL-6
IL-8
IL-9
IL-10

TH2 cells, mast cells

Macrophages, TH2 cells
Bone marrow, thymus (stromal cells)
TH2 cells
TH2 cells

Eosinophils
Plasma cells, B cells and others
Neutrophils
TH cells, mast cells, eosinophils
Macrophages, APC

IL-11
IL-12

Bone marrow (stromal cells)

Macrophages, B cells

B-cell progenitors and others

TC , NK and LAK cells

IL-13

TH cells

Macrophages, B cells

IL-16
IL-18

TH cells
T cells, NK cells

IFN-!
IFN-"
IFN-#

TC cells
Hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic
lineage cells
Leukocytes
Fibroblasts
TH1 , TC , NK

TNF-!

Macrophages

TNF-"

T cells

Tumor cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes,

macrophages
Tumor cells, neutrophils, macrophages

T cell and NK proliferation and induction of

activity
Progenitor cell proliferation and
differentiation
Proliferation, isotype switching, induction of
MHC class II expression
Proliferation and differentiation
Differentiation and antibody secretion
Chemoattractant
Induces inflammatory responses
Anti-inflammatory cytokine inhibits cytokine
production
Differentiation
Proliferation and differentiation in synergy
with IL-2
Inhibition of inflammatory cytokines,
regulation of inflammation. Parasitic
infections
Chemotaxis
Proinflammatory cytokine; IFN-#-inducing
factor
Inhibitor of viral replication
Inhibitor of viral replication
Inhibitor of viral replication. Inhibitor of cell
proliferation. Inhibitor of IL-4-induced
isotype switching
Cytotoxicity, induction of cytokine secretion

Various cells including macrophages

Cytotoxicity, phagocytosis

47

Source

Interferons

Table 2.3 Characteristics of Selected Cytokines

Name