CAE Writing text types.

Text Type

Structural Features

Article
/Contribution

Title (article + contribution)

Paragraph headings
(contribution)

Language features

Has to catch and hold readers attention so needs interesting opening and effective ending.
Use direct questions.
Try to personalise it.
Register depends on target reader but usually informal neutral.

Competition Entry Title

Has to stand out from other pieces on the specified topic so needs a striking opening and
memorable ending.
Register depends on target reader but usually informal neutral.
Report

Title
Paragraph headings

Clear introduction explaining the reason for the report

Very clear language describing something precisely
Objective / impersonal style.
Neutral to formal register depending on target reader.

Clear conclusion, usually a recommendation.

Proposal

Title
Paragraph headings

Clear introduction explaining reason for writing.

Very clear language, persuasive language, recommendations / suggestions.
Objective / impersonal style.
Neutral to formal register depending on target reader.
Argument backed up by crystal clear reasons.

Essay

Title usually provided.

Neutral formal register
Academic piece of writing
Examine both sides of an argument in a clearly organised structure.
Likely to come to a definite conclusion.

Information Sheet Title

Paragraph headings

Neutral formal register

Clear language explaining rules and regulations for example.
Distinct paragraphs about different subjects, no links between paragraphs.

Review

Title
Early statement of the subject of the review (film, book, website etc.)
Some factual information about the subject.
More of the content should be devoted to the writers opinions on the subject.
Writers opinion supported by examples related to subject.

Formal Letter

Opening and
closingconventions:
Dear sir / madam yours
faithfully
Dear Mr. Smith yours sincerely

Clear opening paragraph giving reason for writing.

Language that persuades by giving reasons supported by examples.