TEGRAM LASER Industrial x-ray film is manufactured from jumbo rolls produced in the most advance manufacturing plant at Rochester, USA, supplied by l/s. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, The cols, are converted into the specific sizes in India by us at our state of {hear factoryat Sivassa. (Our factory at Silvassa is ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 13485:2003, Certified plant and We take utmost care during the conversion process to ensure thatthe end product reaches the customer with the best quality and comparable to any other equivalent product available in the market, anywheroin the world. LASER film exhibits the advanced T:grain technology. The new ‘grains are tabular instead of random shape. As a result, the new emulsion is more efficient and homogeneous. Also, itis more consistent and has improved sensitometer and physical characteristics. The resulting film is more stable and it can be processed in a shorter automatic processing cycle, LASER films are suitable for exposures with x-rays and gamma- rays. Film Systom Classification FimType | 1808579 | ASTWE 1815.06] CENENSBA-1 Film Properties Contrast LASER products and equivalents : ‘Note : The equivalent brands mentioned inthe table are not exact equivalents. Small differences in contrast and speed can exist. Available Packing: 12" x 15" x50 sheets, 30 x 40cm. 50 sheets, 70mm x 100 mtr.and 100mm x 100 mtr. rollor any special size on request. LASER Industrial X-ray Film Relative Exposures Relative exposure factors (appr) i192 | cooo i fe Specific Application for NDT7 High contrast and high speed combined with fine grain, make LASER NDT 7 fim ideal forthe inspection of a variety of welded structures, casting components, Aerospace, Ship building, Petrochemicals. ‘Specific Application forNDT 5 High contrast and medium speed combined with very fine grain make LASER NDT 5 fms ideal for the welding, casting, Aircraft and Aero engine, Weapons, Petrochemicals. ‘Spocific Application for NDT 4 High contrast and low speed combined with ultra fine grain make LASER NDT 4 flms ideal for the inspection of high quality welds, nuclear components, multifiim techniques, high energy application, electronic components, Characteristic Curve 100 Relative exposure Exposure : 220KV, HVL 3,5 mm copper itation | and 100/200 micron lead screens. 1000LASER Industrial X-ray Film FILM DEFECTS AND ARTIFACTS PRESSURE MARKS: ‘These appear as areas of low density. These are caused by the application of exercise local pressure on some area of the film. They can occur during handling. Careful handling can help to Identify the defect. CRIMP MARKS A sharp bend before and after the exposure can produce the characteristic thumb nail marks. The crescent shaped mark may be of low or high density. Ifthe film has been handled several tines such mark may appear. Careful handling will eliminato these defects, STATIC MARKS These appear either as lightning streaks or drop spots. The flmis made of a polyester base, some times static electricity wil ‘accumulate on the surface and while quickly removing the film {rom the box, this wil dissipate producing intense flashes. Dry ‘weather conditions favor static discharges. Keep the fim in an area with relative humidity before use and remove the film from the box slowiy. This will avoid static probloms. UNSHARP IMAGES. The most likely cause of this is the poor contact between the film and the screen in the cassette. Charge the cassette and observe the chango in tho image quality. WHITE AND BLACK SHARP SPOTS : To avoid white spots, always keep the exposed and unexposed film away from the processing solutions. Black spots are likely ‘due to developer splash. Careful processing will avoid these problems. HAIRLINES: ‘They appearas fine lines of low density onthe fm. They could be ‘due to fine fibers stuck to the screens. Cleaning the screens ‘gently will avoid hese types ofthe probloms. ‘SCREEN MARKS ‘Those are dark lines or spots produced generally by scraiches or ‘ther particles deposited on tho scroon, Obviously, they will appear on radiographs. Careful handling or replacing of the old screen by new onewill solve these respective problems, PAPERMARKS apart of the interleaving paper is eft with the film while exposing, this will cast a shadow of low density. They can be avoided by taking optimum care by the user, LIGHT LEAKS Ifthe light enters the cassette either before or during exposure, a black streak or biotch can appear on the film. Light leak can also ‘occur in an improperly closed film box. Unexposed and processed films confirm the later situation, So always keep the {iim boxes properly closed, PROCESSOR MARKS Various types of marks can be appearing on the film during processing, Generally they will have a definite pattem, They can be in the shape of lines or spots of higher density which can be avoided by taking optimum care by tho user only Most of the abovo artifacts can be eliminated by careful handling of the film throughout the NDT process. Good darkroom practices can not only save precious time and resources but also givea near perfectradiograph. FILMFOG Any density in a fm that is not produced as part of the Image- forming exposure is generally referred to as fog. There are ‘several potential sources of fm fog, INHERENT ‘Alfim, even under the best conditions, shows some density even ifithas received no radiation exposure. This density comes from the flim base and from the unexposed emulsion and is the density ‘observed if a piece of unexposed film is processed. This is typically referred toas the base plus fog density ands generallyin the range of 0.15 00.2 density units for radiographic fm. (CHEMICAL, If a film Is over processed, abnormally high densities will be developed by chemical action in image areas that recelvediitle or ‘no exposure. This results from chemicals in the developer solution interacting with some of the flim grains that wore not sensitized by exposure, HEATAND AGE Fogwill gradually develop in unprocessed film with ago; therefore, film should not be stored for long periods of ime. Each box of fim is labeled with an expiration date by the manufacturer. When stored under propor conditions, lm should not develop appreciable fog before the expiration date. ‘The development of fim fog with age Is accelerated by heat; therefore, fim should not be stored in hot areas. RADIATION EXPOSURE {tis not uncommon fr film to be fogged by accidental exposure to either x-radiation or light. Light exposure fogging can result from light leaks in a darkroom, the use of incorrect safolights and cassettes with defective light seals around the edges. Film darkrooms and storage areas should be properly shialded fromnearby x-ray sources. ‘STORAGE AND HANDLING Opened packages of film should be stored at_ 10 to 20° C (50 to 70° F) and 30 to 60% relative humidity. For long term storage the deal conditions are 100279 C (61 t0 87°F) and 30 to 60% relative humility. Handle film carefully to avoid physical strains such as pressure, creasing and buckling. Each package of films should be stored on edge, with the expiry dato is clearly visible and to avoid pressure marks.