Mechanical

Design of
Transmission
Lines

General Considerations
Electrical Considerations for T.L.
Design:
Low voltage drop
Minimum
power
loss
for
high
efficiency of power transmission.
The line should have sufficient current
carrying capacity so that the power
can be transmitted without excessive
voltage drop or overheating.

 Conductivity of Conductor:
R = .L/A , or
R = L/. A
Where:
L: Conductor length.
A: Conductor cross sectional area.
: resistivity
: Conductivity (= 1/)

 The conductor conductivity must

be very high
to reduce Conductor resistance R
and hence reduce losses

PL= 3 I2 .R

Mechanical
Design:

Considerations for T.L.

The conductors and line supports should

have sufficient mechanical strength:
- to withstand conductor weight, Conductor
Tension and weather conditions (wind,
ice).
- The Spans between the towers can be
long.
- Sag will be small.
- Reducing the number and height of
towers and the number of insulators.

 Heat expansion coefficient must be

very small.
Rt = R0. (1 + 0 .t)
t = 0/(1+ 0.t)
t is the heat expansion coefficient at t.

TYPES OF CONDUCTORS
MATERIALS

1- All Aluminum
Conductors (AAC)
lowest cost low mechanical
strength
Used for small span

2- Aluminum Conductor
Steel Reinforced (ACSR)

1- Steel strands
2- Aluminum strands
ACSR (26/7)

Advantages of ACSR
High mechanical strength can be
utilized by using spans of larger
lengths.
A reduction in the number of supports
also include reduction in insulators
and the risk of lines outage due to
flash over or faults is reduced.
losses are reduced due to larger
diameter of conductor.
High current carrying capacity.

3- All Aluminum Alloy

)Conductor (AAAC


) ( -

-
-

4-Aluminum Conductor
)Alloy Reinforced (ACAR

Types of Supports
Wooden Poles
Reinforced Concrete Poles
Steel Poles
Lattice Structure Steel Towers

Wooden Poles

Reinforced Concrete
Poles

Steel Poles

Lattice Structure Steel

Towers
:
/



:
-
-

Types of
Towers

1- Suspension Tower
2- Tension Tower
3- Angle Tower
4- End Tower

1- Suspension Tower

2- Tension Tower

3- Angle Tower

4- End Tower
This type of towers exists in the
beginning and at the end of the line
which exposed to tension in one side.

SAG AND TENSION

CALCULATIONS

Sag of Transmission
Lines
Sag of T.L depends on:
-

Conductor weight.
Span length,
Tension in the conductor, T
Weather conditions (wind , ice).
Temperature.

Minimum Clearance
between the ground and
the conductor
kV
0.4
11
33
66
132
220
400

C (m)
5.5
5.5
6.0
6.2
6.2
7.0
8.4

Conductor Spacing
Spacing = (S )0.5 + V/150
Where:
S: Sag in meters.
V: Line voltage in kV.