Appendix B MATERIAL PROPERTIES ‘The properties of materials vary widely, depending on numerous factors, including chemi- cal composition, manufacturing processes, internal defects, heat treatment, temperature, and dimensions of test specimens. Hence, the values furnished in Tables B.1 through B.8 are representative but are not necessarily suitable fora specific application, In some cases, ‘range of values given in the listings show the possible variations in characteristics. Unless otherwise indicated, the modulus of elasticity E and other properties are for ‘materials in tension. The specific data were compiled from broad tabulations listed in the references cited. For details, see, for example, [1-8] of Chapter 2. Note that the reference issues of Machine Design Materials (Cleveland: Penton/IPC) also constitute an excellent source of data on a great variety of materials. BL Average properties of common engineering materials B.2—_ Typical mechanical properties of gray cast ion B.3 Mechanical properties of some hot-rolled (HR) and cold-drawn (CD) steels B4 Mechanical properties of selected heat-treated steels B.S Mechanical properties of some annealed (An.) and cold-worked (CW) ‘wrought stainless stels B.6 Mechanical properties of some aluminum alloys B.7___ Mechanical properties of some copper alloys BS Selected mechanical properties of some common plastics 787“rush ay ae owes 009 0 pousse emoejpueu yo peqgau poe YweUnOn 394 vONodoD so-syo 00 wr - - - = = = m0 = “ = - = ove Lo wet 08 & - - = = se - t = or ® — a0 - r - - = ss = +60 = o - ® = = = oF — et = on - ew = = = & — we zo-10 aioe, feo ua ie — eo — = ose-ore99 stoi 2072 feo ors rm8e 0c = 6-0 = 06-006 Fr soy wren, leo a of = ve-or — — wore 08 se0 xz a = onc-08 $91 = oreo at eo 891 oF wo = ose 98 0 gut ee ast ee - ws ows « sh mk we oe ars « 6 mS SEF OE - ors urs #0 a oe Howe aL = we ue et & nn usr wz 50 rose or oe ose et on Se eet) me ee 50 — = oe ass oe - ws - oo zwL pono penne) ose = os OL TIEVLSV srl st - Gor ORL eV-TNIS) e0-120 owes Jeoas Wop, HHS eb) WOH, AL soso “ugg uy So oem®E wane vant ba pS PPL. “aviuans arma ‘om s - _seyaiew BuvoauiSue uownuo> jo somiedosd aBeiony 9 O14 76829 01 paunsse 5 gSuons vossonven ass oe 1 uoanecios wy ra6unp np ot eu ana we6 0901 pyeied popeoy, 2010 80, er san a ome a a er) rs a6 cow fe ot ot andusgas Doe Da ft or) - os - w@ - = = 9 = wo a ane men ‘1 - oreo seer = = imo te = = tro tI eI = S00 e o = fxd ise am on : . oie =e em % = ono sre) vow ta ox o9 a om «© © = & wz a oe OR ome ee © © & ~ > a me eo © > > & fe AEyS WoISUR, sHoYS y,NORSSdO:) WORN, UY eo ‘mm poems piuans ayewy sapetg seayy NK RN NY sup aeons S _syeuaiew Bws22u6ue uowos yo saniedoid aBeiony V8 14, 769770 APPENOIK® ® Table B.2 Typical mechanical properties of gray cast ton Chima Compeeine Mads ofchsigy inl ‘Fg sre i, ‘crs hardness contention tr Ga SoMa Siete Teo ™ % ) a7 186 100 2D om 9-10 ms tos x 3s oot 2 va 3s so 0-120 an Lis © m0 28 1 0s mas 0-157 m2 1s o 4 es tie oo 130 “Minimum values a 5, nk are gen by the lass nue Not: Te convert om MP tal, vide given vals by 695, Table B.3 Mechanical properties of some hotlled (HR) and cold-crawn (CD) steels UUvimate Yield Elongation Reduction Brinell UNS AISUSAE strengih® —strength* in 0mm, imarea, hardness ‘number number Processing Sw MPa SwMPa__ % Hy G10060 1006 UR 300 0 0 55 wo co 3 280 20 4s 95 Gio 1010 mR 30 80 0 9s co sm 300 0 ws Giorsn 1015 uR 340 90 30 wo co 300 x0 0 M1 Gio 1020 HR 380 210 50 M1 co. m0 30 0 rn 10% 1030, aR 70 260 20 2 rd cD sz 40 8 19 Giossa 1035 HR sa x0 is 40 us co ssi 460) 2 8 tea Grow 1040 HR 20 290 1s 0 cD. son 10) 2 8 Grosso 1045 HR sm 30 6 0 cD oo 50 2 5 10s 1050, HR en Mo 1s 3s cD oon 80 0 30 1080 1060) HR so x70 2 0 10% 1080 HR m0 20 0 2s 109501095 HR 80 46 0 2s SOURCE: 1988 SAE Handbook, p. 215 "Vales iste oe estirated ASTM minimum values in the sie range 18 to 32m, Note: To conver fam MPS ok divide given values by 6 695.APPENDIX @ MATERIAL PROrERTES m Table B.4 Mechanical propentos of selacted heat-treated stels Ulimate Yield Flongation Reduction Brinell Alsi ‘Temperature, strength strength inSOmm, —inurea, hardness ‘umber ‘Treatment °C__SwMPa_SpMPa_% 6% Ha Jo WORT 205 es owe 0 a 495 woeT as ral tn) 2 eo sa wost 650) sso 44d 2 7 Normalized 925 sl MS, 2 ot Annealed 870 4000 38 64 to Oger 205 m8 9 “6 oer, ‘as 78532 a 4 ogat 650 oe aM 2» 6 Normalized 900 90 es 55 Annealed 00 51938 x0 37 00 WoT 205 20 807 9 n su wot 25 10908 3 36 4 wot 650 m8 2% 6s 235 Normalized 900 747 » 2» 207 Armes 80 636 Er 0 187 0 og as 1080 4 ait oar, 540 965 4 2 ogar 650 800 st 29 Normalized 900) 76 x 29 Annealed ™ 026 38 19 108s ogar 35 1260 30 35 coat 25 iw 2 4363 oot 650 996 a 269) Normalized 98 ro. 1B 293 Annealed ™ 658 8 2 92 wor 20s 1630 w 41 467 woat 2 10 8 ” 340 wost 650 aL 2 68 das Normalized 810, om 2s 2” 197 Annealed 65 60 os 56 136 4140 gar. 205 i0 8 38 10 okt ps 130 1B » 370 ost 650 138 2 3 20 Nomalired 810, sm 1020 1s a aor ‘Anpealed sis (ss ra % 7 ra ‘SOURCE: ASM Metals Rafernce Book, nd ae Metals ark, OH: American Sccaty fr Metals, 1983. Notes To conver from MPa to a, vide give value by 6.895 ‘sls tule for 25. rund sactone a of gage lenath San. The properties fr querched and tempered sts are rom ssngls hest COBT = oquenched and tempered; WORT = water-quenched andAPPENDIX @ MATERIAL PROPERTIES Table B.S Mecharical properties of some annealed (An) and cold-worked (CW) wrought stainless steols Ultimate strength Yield strength longation rod impact Pa) SI MPa 450 mn, Nm cist So (Ml (Ma) mm, 0X) pe An OW Anew anew An OW ‘avsende sm suo 88 si 3% 91 303 an 158 52 0 2 us 7 so 586758 si ss um 37,568 om 158 48 040 w Manestc 410 som 276386 son m2 10 aia ws N06 aor see 2s oo 1 seo 806" ess" sere 201s @e AAC 72 196" 44 ao Moo - Fai 40,4306 sos. 29a nom - 4 sm 586 asa nom = SOURCES: Metal Progress Databook 1990, Vol. 178, 3, Mal Park OH: Amarian Sait for Metal Une 1960; ASME Handbook Meta Properties New York: MeCirme Hl, 1958 Not: To convert Fam MPa 1 kl, vide given valves by 6895, *honealed and old drawn, Table B.6 Mechanical propertios of some aluminum alloys Ultimate strength S,— Yield strength 5, eee eens | Retire | beariariaa| Alloy MPa thsi MPa (si) inSOmm, % My Hoos bs as us an 20 2 2oni-t3 a0 8) 2s ay 5 5 anata 2 0) 20 10s amata 37068) 2 " 10 001-76 3085) ms 40) p 95 oss 76 20 G5) 2s. ah 2 B 08-76 so) bos” 73) ul 180) cat aot sss) as ah 20 S Ds-T0" 20 G6) 16s) 5 = sera" 20 G8) ms as) 3 = To" 0) 0 an 4 = 56-19" no G3, Wes ah 2 - 6 2s G8) Iss) 5 - sur 08) 18026) 6 SOURCES: ASM Matk Refeonce Book Meal Park, OM: Amin Soc for Metals, 1987 1987 Mater Selector vel. 92 no. 6, Clavel! Materals Engineering, Penta, December 1980). Send casing ‘Pemanent mold casingAPPENDIX © — MATERIAL PROPERTIES Mechanical properties of some copper alloys UNS Uldmate strength Wield strength Elongation Alloy number SyMPa SyMPa jn S0 mn, % Wroughe Leaded Beryllium copper C17300 m2 aa Phos bronze 5400 ‘469-517 393404 20-15 Aluminum Silcon-bonze cos200 si7=703 21-469 so Silicon boar 65500 400-745 152-414 0-13 Manganese onze 67500 44-519 207-44 319 at Leaded Red brass ex3600 ass m » Yellow brass css200 262 *” ss Manganese broaze 86200 oss BI 20 Bearing bronze 93200 aa ba 20 Aluminum braze 95800 586-728 rats 6-8 Copper nickel 96200 310 m 20 ‘SOURCE: 1981 materia efrence save, Machine Desig, 52, no, 6 March 19,1981, Not: Te conver far MPa ok divide given vals by 6.95, Table 8.8 Selected mechanical properties of some common plastics ima sre ae ee ins0mm, taste MPa cs) * Acre 2 103) 6 Calllose aeotte wis a7) = Epoxy (las) 138 10-20) 4 Fluorocarbon| 2 oa) 300) Nyon (6) 8 «2 o Phenolic (wood fou filled) 8 o 04-08 04 3) Polyeatonate On 6-105) ho-125 16-22 (2-16) Polyester (25% pls led) 0-90 (16-23) 1s 14-26 (0-19) Polypropylene 4 ° 10-20 07-30 5-22) SOURCES: 1981 materia relerence sue, Machine Desig, $3, ro. & (March 19, 1981, 1981 materia selector issue, Mater Engineering, 92, no 6 (December 1980)