ECVA Examination Sept.

13-14, 2004
Candidates ID-No:..................................

Paper 2: Essay Questions

Answer FOUR questions (one question must be answered from EACH
section)
Start each question on a new page
Each answer is expected to be approximately 3 pages of A4 format, but
should not exceed 4 pages (i.e. 800-1000 words)
Maximum time allowed: 4 hours

Section 1
1. Describe the physiological control of arterial blood pressure.
2. What causes hypoxia? Describe causes, primary indicator mechanism and give an
example.
Section 2
3. Discuss the role of nitrous oxide in modern veterinary anaesthesia.
4. Discuss the concept of multimodal analgesia in postoperative pain treatment including
goal, pharmacological basis and clinical indications. Give examples for drug
combinations.
Section 3
5. List the features of an anaesthetic machine that minimise the risk of anaesthetic
accidents
6. Write an essay on capnography/capnometry including the following items: the
different techniques available for measuring CO2, phases of the capnogram, clinical
applications of capnography.
Section 4
7. Discuss the factors affecting intra-ocular pressure, emphasising those over which the
anaesthetist has particular control.
8. Describe the way of therapy for non-cardiogenic shock in the order of temporal
priority with respect to therapeutic objectives, therapy, goal (end-point) of therapy and
dose recommendations in the dog.