. RESTRICTED 7 = es eae PREPARED BY THE TRAINING DEPARTMENT KGngmanArmy Air Pield. Kingman, Arizona ~ : Sale a ot SDSorewonrd. se The purpose of this book is to give to the gunnery student, in Turret Maintenance, a means of augmenting with additional study his classroom work in the Bendix Chin Turret. As you know, to be exposed to a subject in the classroom is not enough; proficiency comes only to those who show a keen interest and a desire to learn. A large part of the success of our war effort will be due to our bombardment ‘aircraft, so the value of "good" gunners cannot be over emphasized. A "Good" turret gunner is not one who is content merely to operate the turret or "blast" aimlessly in the direction of the target, but one who, through a thorough knowledge of the turret and the computing sight, is able to successfully operate them so as to give the greatest amount of protection to his own aircraft.CUTA' SHOWING CHIN TURREintroduction 1 cts The Bendix Chin Turret Model "D" is an Electrically driven power turret, mounting two Cal. .50 1-2 machine guns, equipped with > e > recoil absorbing mechanise, firing solenoid, and hydraulic gun chargers. The turret is designed to be mounted in the Bonbardier's conpartnent and to be operated by the Bonbardier to protect the forward approaches of the ship. The guns rotate 172° in azimth - 66° to the eft and to the right of forward - and swing from 26° above berigental to 460 below horizontal, The awitch linits are adjustable. The turret ig mounted at floor level in the front of the Bonbardier's compartment. The guns extend below the fuselage at the nose of the ship. The lover assembly, with the exception of the gun barrels whieh protrude through vippered covered slots, is enclosed in an aluminum, movable housing to minimize wind resistance. Plexi-glass windshields seal the space at the floor of the ship around the turret. Ammunition containers are fixed to the moveable housing and are cauipped with guide chutes and rellers which pernits-ammunition to flow to the guns while they are rotating in elevation and azimuth. The enpty cases and belt links are ejected by chutes through the bottom of the housing and fall clear of the ship. The Bombardier is the chin turret gunner, ond operates the chin turret from the Bonbardier's position by lifting 2 letch and swinging the turret controller from its stowed position against the Tight side of the fuselage to the combat position which is at a con— venient height in front of the gunner. A main power switch and a charging button are located on the controller eolunn at the front of the controller. An open sight is suspended at eye level from the top of the fuselage above the operator's position. The direction and speed of the guns sre controlled by a handle ber type control handle. ech handle contains a safety brake switch for stopping the turret, should the gunner relax his grip; a spring trigger switch for firing the guns, and 2 high speed switch for fast tracking speeds. Movement of the control handles in azinuth and in elevation move potentiometers which vary the control fields of azimuth and elevation amplidyne generators. The variable output of the anplidyne generators control the direction dof the azimuth and elevation turret driving motors. The speed of the turret san be varied fron 2° per second to 12° per second in low speed and from 4° per second to 83° per second in high speed. The and 12 amplidyne system of control automatically furnishes a for any setting of the control handles regardless of the change in netant speed torque. The open sight is synchronized with the movements of the guns in agimith and elevation « 4 is driven by tachometer shafts from the view thus ng and Anzimuth and elevation gear traine. The gunner's f always includes the direction in which the guns are poin moves with the guns. The sight is equipped with s rhestat to control the intensity of the light of the two concentric circles which are projected on the sight gless. The center of the field of view is marked by the center of the two circles and is the point on which the guns are treined. The two circles are used in the same manner as a ring and post sight on hand held machine gun installations. The intensity of the light ean be varied to satisfy the operating conditions of bright sunlight or night flying. To cperate the turret the Bombardier lifts the control eclumns latch and swings the controller and colurn from the stowed position to the combat position; moves the power ewitch to the power position "on": charges the guns by depressing the charger switch, and adjusts the intensity of the sight reticles to the light conditions. The movenent of the guns in azimuth and in elevation are controlled by the handle bar ‘type control handles. The turret can be operated only when the safety switch on the outside of either control handle is depressed. Rotation of turret in azimuth follows rotation of the control handles clockwise or counter— elockwise about the vertical axis. The swing of the guns in elevation follows the swing of the control handles up or down. The speed of the guns is proportional to the degree of movenent of the control handles from the neutral position in low speed. The guns are moved in high speed by depressing the high speed button on the top of either control handle. High speed of the guns is proportional to the degree of move- ment of the control hendles from the neutral position, Looking through the sight, the gunner trains the guns on the target by moving the control handles. The guns are fired by pressing the trigger switch on the front of either control handle. The gunner can follow a target freely, firing as required without the guns striking the fuselage or firing into any part of the ship. The limits of the gun movements in azimuth and elevation are automatically controlled by switches. The turret can be stopped by releasing the control handle safety switches on the side of the control handles. The power supply fo the turret is cut off by moving the main power switch to the "off" position. The turret can be rotated in azimuth and the guna elevated by use of a hand crank in the event of an electric power failure. 23 The Bendix Model "D" Chin Turret is composed of three units, the sight, the controller and the main turret assembly. The turret assenbly is made up of 8 supporting epider and azimuth gear drive. The azimuth drive has a 3 H.P. electric motor connected to a 25 to 1 speed reducer driving a 50 to 1 worm gear. The worm gear is fastened to the top of a center colunn and drives the turret in azimuth. The elevation gear drive is attached to the bottom of the center colunn and consists of 2 3 F.P. electric motor with 2 25 to 1 speed reducer driving a worm gear with 2 42 to 1 reduetion. The guns are supported by gun arms fastened to an elevation shaft driven by the elevation gear. All of the parts below the spider are enclosed in an aluminum housing which contains the ammunition cans and feed chutes. The aluninuz housing mininizes wind resistance and acts as a dust cover for the lower part. of the turret. The controller is fastened to s moveable arn which is mounted to a locking hinge fastened to the floor to the right of the turret. The hinge asserbly permits the controller to be locked in a stowed position against the side of the ship or locked in a combat position in front of the turret. A tyye N-6 sight is suspended fror the ceiling of the ship ata conven ight. The sight is mowed im elevation end azimuth by flewitle shafts from each speed reducer. Thus as the turret noves in azimuth and the guns wation the sight assumes the sane relative position ee the turret or guns.auld 40 07414General Sota The Bendix Chin Turret Model "D" is a lower turret remotely operated. It is located below the Eombadier's compartment, and is not retractable, It is electrically operated throughout and mounted in B-17G and the B-24D bonbaranent aircraft. The turret is mounted to the plane by spider mounting arms, Which bolds all of the ain renbers of the turret in position, Tee control néchanism being mounted on the inside of the plane, and since the turret does mot retate, there is no reason to have a collector ring assembly to transmit the current to the operating parts of the turret. # conbined motor generator mit ~ amplidyne unit — is mounted to one side of the turret, and on the side of the plane. This unit, receiving ite current from the ship's supply, operates at a constant speed of 70 P.P.M.. It sets current in motion to drive the azinuth drive notor, which being connected to the gear trains, drives the turret in azimuth. A similiar motor generator unit is used to operate the elevation drive rotor, ‘The drive motors, one for elevation and one for azimith, are driven by the current supplied ty the amplidyne units. The drive motors have a maximin speed of 4500 R.P.M, and through reduction gears drive the tureet at a speed from 4° per second to 3o° per second, A controller unit is nownted in the Bombadier’s compartment for controling the operstion of the turret. It consists of a box and a control arm with two firing switches, two safety switches, two high speed switches, a nain switch, and a charger button switch, The turret mounts two cal. .60 machine guns, which are mounted 15 inches apart and are completely controlled from the Bonbadier's position in the nose of the plane. There is from 750 to 800 rounds stored in the two ammunition cans. These cans are located on the out- side of each gun in the housing or tub.Blamsntany Elaotriaity sit ES Q Qh vy 4 see 734 SEIDENG CORE RELAY SLIDING ARM RELAY Fok US USE HE THINK OF CURRENT AS TovENG FROH - TO PESIDUAL MAGNETISM — MAGNETISM THAT REMAINS. TX/AN ELECTRO: MAGKET APRA THE FLOW OF CORSENT HaS BEEN TAREN AVAT.Cheetricity Us Conbared So Water Refore water can flow through a pipe there mst be a source of power, sueh as s pump to force it through. Before electricity can flow through a line or cireuit, there nust be a source of electrical power exerting similiar foree. This source of power comes fron a generator or battery that is charred by a generator. This operates the sane as a water pump that builde preseure in @ pressure tank before being able to force water through a pip Ja the circuit the cenerator produces an electromotive force (aur) = ue ducee water pressure. Pressure in an we say that the potential he generator just as pressure is electrical cireu is high at the positive tert high at the discharge side of a pump. At the negative or minus terminal of the generator + potential corresponding to low Electricity ie not ener: does not produce electricity, it merely s being the flow of a stream of little specks called electrons so small with th ¢ votential is low. The earth or ground is lew or 0 reseure et the suction side of a pump. zy but the conveyer of energy, and a generator it in motion. Rlectricity, they can not be 5= tical measurement ef much larg: most powerful microscope. A more prac quantity is used, called a coulenb. y 18 zeros of electrons. When the Que coulonb equals #28 follow number ectrons equalling one couloxb flow past @ point in a cirowit in cue seconc, we aay one anpere is flowing. Anperes rey be likened to water flowing in a pipe. If the ure or voltage is increased through a circuit the amperes or quantity delivered is increased. A volt is the pressure forcing the electrons through a circuit. A volt is the difference in electrical re that will maintain a difference of one ampere throngh a re- pre sistance of one ohm, Gomparing the flow of electricity with water it can be classed as follows: A generator or battery (water pump) sets up en QMP (water pressure) and forces electricity (water) round a circuit system. The electricity (water) flows out the charge pipe) where there is a high potential (high pressure) around to negative terminal (suction pipe). At this point there is a low poten tial (low pressure) always flowing fron the battery (pump), the quantity of electricity (water) flowing is neasured in coulombs or amperes per second (gallons per second). The stream is forced forward by the EMP pressure of the generator or battery (pump) ond is held ack by the resistance (suction) of the circuit systen. When a drop in pregeure in 2 water line is desired, it is often done by inserting a length of small diameter pipe. This re~ stricts the flow and causes the pressure to drop. As the length of small pipe is increased, the greater will ve the restriction and resulting pressure dropElectrically the sane thing happens. A small wire retards the electrical flow. The longer the wire the greater the pressure or Yoltage drop. This wire is usually wound on a spool and is called a fixed resister Some metals offer nore resistance than others. One of the best for this is aichrome, composed of nickel and chromium, ‘The amount of work water will do is dependent on pressure in pounds and flow in gallons, and is expressed by horse power (H.P.). Mechanical energy is expressed in foot pounds. One horse power. equsls 58) foot pounds per second or 83,00 foot pounds per minute. The amount of work that electricity will do is dependent on pressure (volts) and flow (amps) and can be expressed in watts. Ay multiplying volts tines amperage we get watts — 746 watts equal 1 horse power or 33,000 foot Pounds per minute - 1000 watts equal 1 kilowatt. Te measure the flow of water, a pipe is broken and a water meter is inserted in the line; measurement is usually recorded in gallons or cubic feet. In an electrical circuit a voltmeter is inserted recording the pressure (FMF) in volts, an ammeter records the rate of flow per second in amperes and a watt meter records in watts the rate of current being absorbed in resistance or work; such as a notor oF light bulb, naqnetion A magnet can be referred te as a metal substance containing a Sistinct charge of protons exd electrons. Metals charged with protons repel each other while metals charged with electrons attract each other. Unlike poles attract, like poles repel. A permanent magnet consists of a metal rod with the two ends charged. One end is charged with protons ( the other with electrons (negative). If this rod were dipped inte a container of metal filings, we would notice that metal filings would stick to each end where there was a definite polarity, but no filings would adhere to the center where the tvo farces balance each other. If thie rod were bent into a "U" shape, the lines of force would be from north to south or positive te negative on the two ends of the metal. To move a rod conductor up and dew between the two poles there would be a break in the lines of force or flux. his is the principle of the electric generator or motor. When @ com ductor cuts one hundred million lines of flux per second an DS of volt is indueed into conductor. One unit of magnetic force, which is one line of flux equals one maxwell; 1000 maxwells equal one kilonaxwell. _— sitive One of the best metals for a magnet is iron or codbar. an electromagnet is made by winding a number of turns around an iron core and applying current te it. This sets up a riux in the iron core establishing a north and south pole, depend: aasulated wire a9 direction of current flow. The north pole of the magnet coil is at the end where the lines of flux cone out, and the south pole as at the end where the lines of force enter the coil. The electromagnet hae the distinct advantage over the fixed type as its intensity can be ine creased or decreased by the ancunt of current applied to the coil with a resultant excitation As soon as the current supply is cut off from the coil the iron returns to normal, with one exception of a slight amount of nagnetien referred to as residual nagnetien. In the Bendix Ghin Turret we use the Standardized Amplidyne Sygten, and te simplify this system we follow a schematic pertaining either to azimuth or elevation. Starting at the battery (17) where the current from the ship's supply for the turret is stored, we follow the circuit through the main switch to energize the main power relay (9) allowing the circwit to be completed in Line (2). s circuit we cause the motor (4) generator g fa) and (el. completing ti (5) to start rota: me th to potentioneter (7). we close our main switch, the current Tron these peints the ow Flows of current is dependent upon the direction of the control handles. If we move the wiper blade (9) up near the top of the selid potentioneter (10) that will allow the current to flow out line (8). Line (8) will then carry the current to the generator (E) control field (11) where it sets up @ magnetic field inside the generator (5). When this field (11) is energized, the generator (61 will set current into motion. This current then drives the drive motor (12). After the control field (11) has been energized, the current will continue in line (A) to the R-4 resistor (18) and if the high speed relay (14) is open, the current will be foreed to flow through the LF resistor (15), R-2 resistor (16), then to the return lime (18), and back to its source (7) or the potentio— neter (7). Upon closing our main switch (1) we allow the current to flow into (7) going to (7), but before (7) we have (19) which carries the current to the shunt field (2) of the drive motor (12). And with current from (7) flowing through (9) and (8) to (1), the generstor (5) will set current in notion, which will follow line (a) to the drive notor (12). In its travel from (5) to (12) the anti-shunt fied (23) in line (22) offers more resistance then (2) so the current mist follow the path of least resistance and, therefore, it goes through (), and at (21), there is more resistance than (20), preventing it from following (21). When the current enters (2), the armature is energized,“WALSAG ANATIId WI Q3Zidavanvl.S WoLIme aold3796 \e Avaa asset] Wyba and with its field (20) alresdy energized by turning the main awitch to the "on" position, the motor (12) will rotate and with this rotation connected to the gear trains of our turret, we get movement of the turret. When the drive motor (12) operates, the current will comtime to flow through (24) and with (80) up, the current will flow through (25) to (25) back to ite source (6) or the generetor. Electro Oynonie rakes The brakes sre operated by the turret reaching its limits in elevation and azimuth. ‘The selector switches are closed by moving the control handle, When the selector switches (31) are closed, the current flowing in (10) is allowed to flow into (a2) actuating the relay (90). This brings the top of the relay (30) into contact with (28) and (20). When this takes place, the current flowing from the drive notor (12) through line (25) Can no longer flow through (26) and (27) to (19) because there is no comnection, but the current will flow through (28) and (2) into (a2) and back to (20). When the current gets to (@) this results in a dead USE & creat resistance in line (20), with this ne current will then flew through (28) into (22). resisten When the current passes through (23) there is an action that neutralizes the control field (11) and the compensating field (36). ‘Yhen the control field (11) and the compensating field (35) are neutral there will be no current flowing from the generator (5} te the drive moter (12). When there is no current to the armature of (12) the counter EMF built up im the motor (12) will have a tendency to reverse the rotation of the armature. The OF acts on the armature of the motor causing the rotor to stop inmediately, reeulting in no further movement of the turret. With the turret stopped, the current flows through (23) into (22) where it is carried to (34). At this point (96) absorbs sone of the current, and as it reaches its capacity, it repels it back into the return flow of current, The bulk of the current flows on through (37) and back to (3). Line (16) then carries the current back to its source (SP through #2 resistor (16) and line (25). To operate the high speed, you close the high speed switch (2) which allows the current to flow fron (19) to the sliding arm type relay (41), With (41) actusted the contact points (40) will close allowing the current coming through (8) to flow from the R-4 resistor (18) cutting out the resistance created by the R-5 resistor (15) and the R-2 resistor (16). By doing this the current returning to the potentiometer (7) through (40) and (18) will have a greater pressure. 1.13 By having a grester amount of curreat coming into (7) 8 greater amount of current will leave (7) going to (11) to increase the amount of current going te (22) and the increased amount of current coming to (12) will increase the speed. the 16 ohm capacitator (35) absorbs 150-chms of the current that is sent through (22) when the brakes are on. When it resches its capacity, it expella it beck into the return flow of current, to prevent the changing of polarity. The compensating field (28) and the diverter resistor (42) is used in the compounding of the amplidyne unit. Compounding is done so as to maintain a constant speed of our drive motor under a load. By increasing the resistance ond resistor (42), we allow more current to flow through the compensating field (37). When more current flows through the compensating field (38), there will be more lines of flux set up in the generator (5); with more flux in (8) there will be more current go to the drive motor (12} causing the motor to have & greater power to take care of the load on the guns. 1315 Gheration of the: Suvret 1. The operator - Borbardier - moves the controller from its stowed position, and places it in the combat position. This will place the controller directly in front of the operator. 2. Turn the main switch to the "on" position. 8. Adjust the brilliance of the sight by regulating the lever on the sight rheostat control. 4. Charge the guns by depressing the hydraulic charger button on the control bar. 5. Place both hends on the handle bar type control grip. In doing thie he will be opening both safety switches, releasing the dynamic brakes, allowing the operation of the turret to be continued. 6. The guns can then be fired by depressing either or both of the trigger switches mounted behind the grips. Controt, The novement of the turret in elevation end azimuth is in direct relation to the movement of the control handles. Forward, or rearward movement of the control handles operate the guns down and up respectively. Movenent of the control handles in a clockwise or counter-clockwiae direction moves the turret to the right or left sides respectively. The speed and direction of the turret is controlled by the displacement of the control handle and by depressing either of the high speed switches on top of the control handles. All movenent and firing of the guns can be stopped by allowing the control handles to come to a neutral position and by releasing the trigger switches and safety switches. I The controller used in the turret provides smooth action end a varying range of speed. ‘The guns and the turret are etopped in their elevation and azimuth movements by electrodynamic brakes, when they reach their Limite of operation; 26° up, 46° down, and 86° to right or left of the forward position. ‘The controller is so mounted as to be used in a conbat posi- tion or stowed when not in use. 1616 It also controls the speed and direction of movement of the turret by controlling the amount of current flowing to the control field of the motor generator (amplidyne) which in turn controls the amount of lines of flux created to set current into motion to drive ‘the drive motors. More lines of flux means more current set into motion soa greater speed will be obtained from the drive motors. There are two potentiometers, one solid and one split to Give a variable flow of current to the motor generator field. 16” Gidjustmento CONTROLLER ADJUSTMENT CREEP, The controller must be adjusted so that the "return-to- neutral" springs in azimuth and elevation will return the controller to neutral when the control handles are released. The azimuth and elevation selector switches must be adjusted to "throw" exactly at the center of the neutral position of the controller. The azimuth end elevetion split potentiometers must be ad- justed so thet the moving arn of each potentioneter comes to rest over “the split at the exact center of the "return-to-neutral" position. ‘The azimuth and ¢levation solid potentiometer mst be adjusted so as to be electrically centered with its split potentiometer when the controlier is returned to the exact neutral position, The mechanical stops which linit the travel of the pick-up arms on the potentioneters mst be adjusted to limit the controller to the same electrical travel to either side of the neutral position, whieh will prevent the arms fron traveling too far on the potentio- meters, causing the arms to slip off the end of the resistors and opening the circuit to the generator exciter fields. These adjustments must be made in the following order. CAUTIONS: always make certain that the main power switch is turned OFF before making aay of these adjustments so that the potentioneter will not be demaged through contact with metal tools. RETURN TO NEUTRAL SPRINGS. 2. Adjust the azimuth neutral centering spring controller to the azimuth neutral position and cause the asimuth brake selector switch to contact both lobes at this point. —— 2. To make thig-adjustment, loosen the lock nuts on the azimuth centering spring adjusting screws - the two lower screws on the back of the controller - BACK THR SCHEWS OUT UNTIL THEY ARE NOT TOUCHING THR CENTERING SPRING. Place the controller in the neutral position go that the center brush on the azimuth brake selector switches is contacting both lobes of the switch; hold the controller in this position and turn the adjusting screws back in until they just contact the ends of the spring without putting any pressure on the spring. If this adjustment is accurate, any movement of the control handles in either direction should immedietely build up a spring pressure. 1718 Release control handle and cheek center brush on azimuth brake selector switch, If this brush does not move the adjustment is O-K. Tighten the locking nuts on the back of the controller. Deflect in both directions several tines and let it return to neutral; check the azimuth brake selector switch each tine to make certain that the center brush contacts beth lobes in the neutral position. SPLIT POTENTIOMETER ADJUSTMENT Fhe azimuth split potentioneter should be adjusted so that the revolving arm of the potentioneter bridges the split at the exact Reutral position of the controller, where the azimuth brake selector switch center brush is contacting both lobes. Rotate the controller in both directions and release; if the moving arm of the split po- tentimeter does not come to a stop aver the split, loosen the ad- dusting nut on the split potentiometer and rotate potentioneter until the moving brush is centered over the split. After raking thia adjustment, tighten adjusting nut and check. Follow sane procedure on elevation split potentioneter, SOLID POTENTIOMETER aDJUSTYENT When the adjustment of the split potentioneter is completed, the cther potentioneter must be centered electricelly to match the split potentioneter. This is done by attaching the voltmeter leads to their proper ferminole in the terminal junction box, With the main switch closed, and one lever of the safety switch tied down, there should be no weeding on the voltmeter. When the controller is ina neutral position the solid potentioneter is electrically balanced with the split Porentioneter. If there is a deflection of the needle on the voltreter, loosen adjusting nut. on side of solid potentioneter and rotate untit needle returns to sero and remains stationary. Tighten adjusting aut. TEN TIONG ATION SOLID P In making adjustnent on elevation solid the sane procedure as on the asimith, except we leads to the elevation solid potentioneter termina le Junotion bar. CONTROL HANDLE LIMTD stops { the maximum clockwise ana counter-clockwise travel of the screws in azimuth must be adjusted so that the pick-up brushes on the Potentioneter can not travel past the ends of the winding on the Potentioneter, The elevation maximum up and down serevs must be adjusted in the sane manner 0 that the pick-up brush will not travel past the ends of the vindings. 181g DEAD SPC? RHROSTAT ADJUSTMENT The dead spot rheostats are connected in series with the split potentioneters. When the controller ie in a neutral position, the pick-up brushes are bridging the split on the potentioneters, short cireuiting the dead spot rheostats out of the anplidyne generator control cireuit. Therefore, no voltage will be passing through this circuit and the amplidyne generator will not generate electricity. If the dead spot rheostets are set at their sero resistance position and the controller is moved in either direction just enough to remove the pick-up brush off the split, there will be a very slight resistance unbalance, therefore, very little voltage will be present across the potentioneter brushes or arms and the amplidyne generators will not generate enough voltage to start the turret drive notor, However, if the dead spot resistor moveable arn is rotated manually in a clockwise direction, considerable resistance unbalance will be introduced into the exciter field when the potentiometer arns are rotated off the split. This will allow more voltage to pass through the generator control field circuit and the generator will produce @ higher output, ceusing the turret drive motors to start more rapidly. Thus the width of the neutral position in which the turret drive mctor Will not start, or "dead spot", nay be adjusted to suit the convenience of the gunner by adjusting the rheostet for azimuth and elevation. Rotating these adjusting arms clockwise will decrease the dead spot, rotating the arn counter-clockwise will increase the dead spot. 19FIGURE 26—STANDARDIZED MOTOR AMPLIDYNEaL COMPOUNDING OF AMPLIDYNE GENERATORS Fach turret anplidyne generator is properly compounded before it leaves the factory, and it will never be necessary to change this setting unless sone part of the anplidyne system must be replaced, such as the motor-generator or the controller resistor bar on the turret drive motor. ‘The main purpose of compounding is to naintain good regulation of the amplidyne generator, which means that for any setting of the control handles, a constant speed will be maintained by the turret drive motors under varying loads. If the amplidyne generator is not properly compounded and = change in load is applied to the turret drive motors, they will either speed up or slow down. To properly compound the amplidyne generators the following steps mst be taken: COMPOUNDING FOR HIGH SPEED Displace the controller just fer enough to couse the azimuth Grive notor to rotate. Close the high speed relay by depressing the high speed switeh; menually place 2 load on the end of the guns in agimuth. If the turret speeds up in azimuth, the generetor ia over- compounded. Loosen the locking screw on the adjusting arm of the diverter resistor located in resister box. Move the adjusting arm on the variable resistor to the decreased position until the agimuth drive motor maintains a constant speed under load. If the turret slows aown under load, the generator is under compounded. Move the adjusting arn on the resistor to the increased resistance position until the azimuth turret drive nctor maintsins a constant speed under load. COMPOUNDING FOR LOW SPEEDS To compound the amplidyne geuersters for low speeds, open the high speed relay by releasing the high speed switches. Rotate the turret slowly in azimuth, loosen the adjusting screws on current feed back resistors and move the arm to the decreased position — to the left — until the motor runs at a constant speed. If the motor slows down, nove the adjusting erm to the increased resistance position — to the right — until the meter runs at a constant speed. To compound the elevation generator, the same steps must be used. a22 COMPOUNDING PROCEDURE ON STANDARDIZED AMPLIDYNE 1, Loosen locking nuts of the compounding rheostat located on the sides of the amplidyne generator. If the turret slows down under loed turn the rheostat in the direction of the arrow until it runa at a constant speed under load, If the turret speeds up under lead, turn the adjusting rheostat in the opposite direction if tne amrow until {t runs at a constant speed under 1oad. ®. Displece control handles just enough to cause the turret motor to rotate; depress the high speed switches causing the turret to travel at high speed, place manual load of 4 pounds on the end of the gum arms; adjust the moveable arm on the high speed rheostat until the turret motor runs at a constant speed. , Displace the control handle just enough to cause the turret motor to rotate with the high speed switches released; place a load of 40 pounds on the end of the gun arm. Adjust the moveable arn on the low speed compounding rheostat until the turret motor runs at a constant The above procedure must be used for both elevation and azimuth,INTERIOR VIEW OF CHIN TURRETARMAMENT ‘he Bendix Chin Turret is designed for mounting two cal. . 50 \©8 Browning Mechine guns. The guns have two mounts, One is a yoke for the Edgewater Recoil Adapter and one is s rear trunnion slide assembly. The yoke end rear trunnion mounts are fastened or welded to the gun arm, The gun arm is made of @ hard metal and is mounted to the gun arm shaft which drives it in elevation, ‘The guns, when mounted property, should be 16" apart at the backplate and the nuzale end of the barrel. The rear trunnion mount is adjustable for making the guns vertically and laterally parallel to ‘the horigontal cross axis of the turret. There are two amminition cans provided for the turret, one for each gun. Each can has a capacity of S65 rounds. By careful loading, Fore rounds can be added. The cans are mounted to the inside of the housing by screws and are so positioned that the ammumition feeds from the outside of each gun. Rollers mounted on the can guide the ammunition to the feedway of the guns, To load the cans the turret mist be at ite limit to the left in azimuth, To load the right can the turret must be at its Limit to to the right. When the gun fires, the links and spent cases are pansed through the brass and Link o guns, renove the tub or housing and place the recoil adapter on the the recoil adapter is properly adjusted. Place the guns on the gun a d make certain they are securely fastened by tightening the studs in the gun yoke and the adjusting screws on the rear trunnion mount. CHECK GUra FOR ALIGNMm@T, guns, making eertai: MOUNTING OF Cab. . 50 Arrange two caliber .50 M-2 aircraft guns in such a manner that one is to feed from the right side and one is to feed from the left side as viewed from the rear of the guns, The guns will be referred to ag the left gun and the right gun. The right gun will be placed on the right side of the turret (viewing the turret from the rear) and the left gun will be placed on the left side of the turret. The sides of the guns away fron the center colum are called outside; those next to the center column are called inside. Tnstell an Bigewater Recoil Mechanism on each gun by slipping the end of the barrel and screwing it into place vg on the guns. The forward part of the guns can be renoved fron the shoulders by pulling out the locking pins and unserewing the brackets. Lock the recoil mechanism in place with the mechanism ov: st the threaded shou 25 utes inte the slip stream, To mount the |er the lock pin at the botton of the gun so that the threads will not be loosened by vibration. Three springs and a shell guide are attached to the feed pawl pin on the outside of each gua. Auxiliary clip chutes are installed on the inside of each gun on the opposite side of the gun from the shell guide. The clip to the guns by pins on the guns inserted through she bottom of the chute. When properly installed the long de of sack chute is to the front of the guns. The opening in the nutes are down. chutes are fastene: the he: clenoide to the inside of each Fasten two electric s e gure. gun in the slots towerd the rear of ing The solenoid has s mounting bolt with square head beveled em one side, which is used to hold the solenoid to the side of the gun. The firing solenoids are attached to the guns by inserting the mounting pods of the solenoids into the slots on the gun so that the beveled edge of the rod catches behind the side plate of the guns. The mounting stud is roved to the other side of the gun slot so that the beveled edge catches behind the side plate of the gun and then is tightened into place. Fasten the solenoid cables to the gun arms with clamps and screws. Two Bendix Caliber .50 hydraulic gun chargers are attached to the outside of each gun. The chargers are held on by quick lecking brackets screwed to the guns requiring no alteration of the gun ports. After the gur equipment is installed, the guns are ready to be attached to the turret gun arms which are attached te the center column. Renove the recoil adjusting guides between the rear mounting ears on the under side of the guns. Insert the rear mounting bolts into the ears of the gun, through the recoil guides. Thread the lock nuts over ends of the rear rounting bolts. Nuts must be on the same cide as the charger. Place the left gun against the cuteide of the left gun arm and the right gun against the right gun arm with the holes in the yoke brackets aligning with the holes in the recoil mechanism. Be sure the auxiliary clip chutes fit into openings in the clip chutes, Locate rear of ‘guns so that the recoil guides are properly aligned with the rear mounting brackets. Anchor the guns by threading the elastic stop nuts over the threaded portion of the recoil guides which extend through the rear mounting brackets and adjusting plate. a72B The guns are fastened in place at the front of the guh arms by in- serting the yoke attaching studs through the holes in the top and bottom of each yoke arm and tightening into the threads in the Edge- water recoil mechanism and yokes. (Shins are to be placed on the upper part of the recoils between the recoils and yoke mounting arms. Lock the wire studs.) Attach the bydraulic lines that extend from the manifold to the front of the charger, Connect the conduit assemblies which extend from the lower relay box to the firing solenoids.Couple the two hydraulic lines which extend fron the ships accumilator system to the solenoid charger valve. PYDRAULIC CHARGER The guns are charged by Bendix caliber .50 hydraulic gun chargers installed on each gun. They are operated by depresaing the charger switch located on the control cclurn, Current from the charger svitch energizes the Bendix electric solenoid control valve pernitt ing hyéreulic fluid from the ship's hydraulic system to flow to the gun shergers woving the gun bolts to the rear position. When the charger button is released, the solenoid control valve closes the presture line fron the ship's syatemand connects the gun chargers to the reture hine. The gun bolts mave forward charging the gune and noving the hydraulic fluid from the charger to the ship's return Line. 1. Note: Do not hola the charger buttes depressed over 90 seconds. 2. Note: Before installing a new sight make certain thet the nounting surfaces bre free fror paint, dirt or other foreiga material in order thet a perfectly flat surface for ng ig obtained. 3. Note: Should teeth on reck not engage at exact ectuated, move rack to the nearest poss 4. Nate: Ho repairs or replacenent should be nade on the azimuth gear assembly in the field, as an extrenely precise setting is required between the worm and gear. Also careful replacenent of the seats is easentias. 5. Note: Each gipper closure is drawing printed on the zipper ei oun i where micro-switch is tion and adjust switeb, fentified by the right or left side by a snail th. 2-6 SlceT An open type sight with a lighted reticle is fastened to a voving support which positions the sight in grat of the operator's face, The sight support ing aseenblies move the sight in elevation ana in ezimath by tachometer shafts driven by the elevation and azimuth turret arive rotors. The elevation tachometer shaft moves the sight in clevetion through a 1050 to 1 gear reduction. The asimith tachonetes shaft moves the sight in aaircth through e 1250 to 1 gear reductions The élevation and azimuth sight reduction geara ere in the save ratios os ‘the elevation and azimith turret drive reduction gears. In thie woy the guns are oved in agimth and elevation as the sight moves through ‘the sane number of degrees of asimuth and elevation and jo kept har~ moniged with the guns in all positions. 80CUTAWAY OF (CHIN TURRET SHOWING. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM82 ‘CAUTION Tf the exis of the center colunn is not at right angles to the plane of the sight support, the line of sight will not revolve in « vertical plane when the guns are swung vertically, and the line of Sight will not revelve horitontally when the guns are swung in azimuth, Remove the plexiglass nose assenbiy. A sighting cord with 1/16" hole in the center must be eut and fitted into the front opening of the iA sight. The sight cord prevents errors of sighting due te parallax (movenent of the sight reference circle when the eye is moved.) Place the airplane horizontal and level at right angles to a vertical wall with the guns pointing streight forward, Pang three plunb lines 73" apart on the wall at a distance of &0 feet or more from the turret, The guns must be pointed at right angles to this wall. ee ded with a: ro The turret is justments for the guns and sight which will pernit then te be set up for parallel of converging fire. For parallel fire, the flight path of the projectiles from the two duns and sight line are parallel. The guns are mounted so that the bores are in « horizontal plane 6€.6 inches below the sight line and 74 inches on either side of # vertical plane passed through the sight path when the turret is poiated forward. JORESIGHT TEE SUNS FOR PAS ALLEL FIRE Place the right run in the center of its horizontal ana Vertical adjustment range. Position the gun horizontally in elevation vy using @ lend crank on the elevation speed reducer, Check with a bubble level on the top of the gun. Adjust the left gun on 4 korizentel plane by using the gun adjustment The distance between the bore centers is 18 inches — check with a bubble level, Boresight the right gun on the right plunb line. Rotate the turret if necessary. The left gum should beresight on the left plunb tine (the left gun may require readjustments to boresight on the left plumb line), Draw a line between the point on the right plumb line established by the right gun to a point on the left plumb line established by the left gun, 32HARMONIZATION SET UP FOR PARALLEL FIREHARMONIZE THE STOHT AND CUMS Make a mark on the center plumb line 56.6 inches above the line drawn through the two boresighting points established by the left and right guns. Switch the sight rheostat on and adjust the correct light brilliancy. Adjust the sight in elevetion and in asimuth so that the Center of the sight circle is on the point in the center of the plumb line 66.6 inches above the guns. The sight is moved in elevation and in azimuth by disconnecting the sight drive cables at the elevation end aginuth speed reducer; turning the drive cables until the sight is properly aligned, and then connect the sight drive cables to their respective speed reducers. BENDIX CHIN TURRET BOPESIGETING PROCEDURE I Aligning gune to an object 1000 or nore yards away. 1. Benove the housing from the turret. 2, Remove both back plates, driving springs, and bolts from the guns. Center ang level the ight gun to the turret by vertical ond lateral adjusting nute on the rear gun trannion. 4. Pick an object 1000 or more yards awa; &. Center the right gun on the sane opject t Object directly in the center of the tore. 6, Using the vertical and lateral adjusting nuts, center placing the the left gun on the same object and in exactly the sare position. II Aligning sight to gu 1. Renove the elevation flexible drive shaft and she the ele azimuth flexible drive shaft azimuth speed reducers. ®, Turn on the sight and rheostat and adjust te the desired brilliance. 3. Ty turning elevation flexible drive cables align to same target es the guns. 4, When the sight is aligned, comect tie flexible drive cables, making certain that the sight hes not moved out of adjustment. 5. Cheek by noving turret off the target and then realigning the gums and sight on the same object. 3a“TIGHTEN 2 ALLEN HEAD SCREWS AFTER UP AND DOWN ADJUSTMENT HAS BEEN MADE ky} ADJUST HERE TO MOVE GUNS UP OR DOWN i REAR. VIEW OF RIGHT GUN ADJUST HERE TO MOVE GUNS HORIZONTALLY TIGHTEN NUT AFTER HORIZONTAL ADJUSTMENT HAS BEEN MADE + BORE—SIGHTING ADJUSTMENTS36 TO CHECK PARALLELISW Yo check parallelisn between the sight and guns, rotate the furret to the left and measure the distance between the line of sight end the guns on an object £0 feet or more fron the aircraft. Swing the gine te the right and repeat the procedure. The distance between the Line of sight and the flight path of the projectile should be the same on Both aides; if it ig not, the sight mounting plate should be brought *o ® parallel plone with the guns by adjusting the plate in the proper direction. 36.STHPTONS ‘Turret Drive Motor will not run. Natfumctions: FROBABIE, CAUSE 1. Faulty Power switch 2. Turret Drive sotor 3. Brake Relay 4. Amplidyne Unit or Circuit 5. Wiring er connections REMEDY 1. With the power switch in the "on" position check the elevation notor field for 24 volts to ground at the copper strip in the lover relay box and the azimuth motor field at terminal 9g in the ter— winal junction box. If no voltage exists, replace wiring or witch as required. 2. If a voltage reading is obtained at the terminal and copper strip, check for continuity from terminal "a" of drive motor plug. If no continuity is indicated, replace drive motor. 3. Check terminals 13 and 7 in the terminal junction box for 24 valts to ground. If no voltage is indica~ ted, check wiring from power switch. If voltage exists on the above terminals, replace wiring or brake relay as required. 4. Check for a voltage of from 0 to 24 volts with the controller (or handles of elevation) moved from neutral between terminals 6 and 9 (4 and 10 if elevation) in the terminal junction box. Tf no voltage exists on the above terminals, replace the wiring or control potentiometer as re- quired. If no continuity is indicated between terminals "A" and "B" or "C" and "D* or the amplidyne plug, replace the amplidyne unit.a8 SYMPTOMS Turret Drive motor tuns at slowing speed only Turret Drive noter runs et tracking speed only Turret Drive motor runs erratically PROBABLE CAUSE ad. Faulty Hi- speed switch 2, Hi-speed relay B. Over Com Pounded 4. Wiring or connect ions 1. Faulty Speed Sw: eh 2. High Speed relay 3. Contacts Le Low voltage 2. Faulty brush seating B. Control Potentioneter 4, Wiring & Comecti ons REMEDY 1. Check terminal 6 in the terminal dunction box for 24 volts to ground with the high speed awitch button depressed. If no voltage appears, replace wiring or high speed avitch aa required. 2. If veltage appears, replace wiring or high speed relay os required &. Check compounding. 4. Check the relay contacts for Proper operation, The contacts should be open for tracking speed. 1. Check terminal 6 in the terminal junction bor for 24 volts to ground with the high speed button de- Pressed. If no voltage is indicated replece high speed switch or wiring as required. + If voltage appears at terminal 6 replace wiring or high speed relay as required. 8. Cheek the high speed relay operation and contacts. Contacts should be open for tracking speed and closed for high spend, 1. Cheek brake relay operation. Low voltage will cause relay to chatter. 2. Check brushes for smooth, elean Pit on commutator. 3. Check the voltage to ground from terminals 9 or 10 im the terminal junction bor. The voltage should Vary from 24 to O when the control- ler Is moved. If erratic readings are obtained, clean and adjust the slides contact on potentioneters. fee asSYMPTONS Turret Drive motor runs at excessive speed No azimuth Limit brake PROBASLE CAUSE 1. Improper drive motor field voltege 2. Open High speed potentio- neter. 3. Wiring & Connections. 1. Faulty nech~ anieal operation 2, Brake Select or switch. 3. Limit Brake switch 4 Safety Switches 30 REMEDY 1. Hlevation drive motor field may ‘be checked at copper strip in the lower relay box and the azimuth drive motor field at terminal 33 in the terminal junction bor. The voltage to ground should not be lover than 2 volts. 2, Check the 160 ohm hi-speed anplidyne potentiometer for an open cireuit. 1. Cheek the mechanical operation, of the brake lined switches. 2. Check terminals 16 and 17 in the terminal junction box for 24 volts to ground with the controller rotated to each side. Bach terminal should register a reading with the controller to me side or the other. If no reading is obteined, check wiring to brake selector switch. The brake selector switch for adjustments or malfunction, end the wiring to the terminals. @. If voltage appears st terminals 16 and 17 in the terminal junction vox for 24 volts to ground from terminal 13 in the terminal junction box with the limit switches closed and the safety switeh open. If no voltage appears st terminal 13 with the limit switches elosed, replace wiring or limit switch as required. 4, If avoltege appears ot terninal 18 with the Limit switches open and the safety switch handles depressed replace the safety switches on the control handles or wiring as re quired.40 SYMPTOM PROBABLE CAUSE 5. Brake Relay 6. Wiring & Connections liydralic 1, Faulty bye charger feils relic systen to operate, 2 Charger switch 3, Solensid valve Connections Motor ampli- dyne will not run. L Paulty power switeh 2 Power Belay 8, Amplidyne Drive Motor 40 REMEDY & If a voltage appears al terminal 7 with the limit switches closed (safety handles depressed) check the safety switches on the control handles and wiring. Sym ees 1. Cheek the hydraulic system. 2. Cheek terminal 18 in the terminal junction bor for 24 volts to ground with the charger switch depressed. Tf no voltage appears, replace switch or wiring as required. 3. If voltage appears at terminal 18 with charger switch depressed, replace wiring or ¢clenoia as re- quired. If valve is faulty, replace complete sclencia valve. 1, Throw power switeh te the Yon" position and check for 24 volts to ground from terminal 23 in terminal Junction bor and contacts of power relay. If no voltage exiets, re- place power switch or wiring as required. 2. 12 power relay does not operate with voltage at terminal 53 in terminal junction box, replace power relay or wiring as required. 3. Check 24 volts te ground from every other brush of the amplidyne Grive moter (check all brushes). If 2 voltage exists at the moter brushes and anplidyne does not run, replace amplidyne unit,Turret or guns move with con— troller in neutral No elevation Limit brakes PROBABLE CAUSE 2, gti-shunt field circuit 3. Control Potentioneters 4. smplidyne Control field and compensat- ing field. 2 Faulty ad justments of control poten= tioneter. 2 Centering springs & Compound resi store 1. Faulty mech anical operation 2. Brake sel- ector switch at EMEDY 1. Check the conmmntetor end brushes for a smooth fit and collected for eign matter, Clean or replace brushes as necessary. 2. Check auxiliary contacts on brake relay for fused or bent con— tacts. Contacts should be open. 3. Check controller potentiometers output at terminals 9 and #0 in the terminal junction box (the voltage should vary from 0 to 24 when the controller is noved). 4, Check continuity between ter— ninals "A" and "B" and "C" and "PY of amplidyne plug. If no continuity is indicated in either case, replace amplidyne unit. 1. If, when the controller is brought to neutral, the turret or guns continue to move end always in the sane direction, check the potentiometers for electrical balance. 2. If the movement of the guns or turret is not always in the sane direction, check centering springs for adjustnent. 3. Check the two 60 ohm compounding resistors on the anplidyne unit for adjustment. 1. Check the mechanical operation of the brake limit switch. 2 Check terminals 16 and 17 in the terminal junction box for 24 volts to ground with the controller handles moved up and down. Each terminal should register a reading with the handles up or dow. If no reading is obtained check wiring to brake selector switch, the brake selector switch for adjustment or malfunction and the wiring to the terminals. 4SYMPTOMS PROBABLE CAUSE 3. Limit Brake switch 4. Safety switehes 5. Brake relay 6. Wiring 6 Connections 1. Peulty fire tining 2. Trigger switch Guns do not fire 3. Firing relay 42 REMEDY 8. If voltage appears at terminals 16 and 17 in the terminal junction box, check for Z4 volts to ground from terminal 13 in the terminal junction box with the limit switches closed and the safety switches open. If no voltage appears at terminal 13 with the limit switches closed, replace wiring or limit switch as required. 4. If a voltage appears at terminal 18 with the limit switches open and the safety switch handles depressed, replace the safety switches on the control handles required. or wiring as 5. If a voltage appears at terminal 19 with the linit evitehes closed {safety switch open) and no voltage with the Hnit switches open (safety switch open) replace breke relay or wiring a2 required. 6-2-5 1. Check the fire tining of the firing solenoid. 2. Check for 24 volts to ground from Terminal 12 in the terminal junction bor. If no voltage is in— dicated with the trigger switehes depressed, replace wiring or trigger switches as required. B. Check for 24 volts at the con~ tacts and coil of the firing relay in the lower relay box. If no woltage is indicated, replace wiring or firing relay as required. If no woltade is indicated at the contacts of the firing relay, check the copper strip in the loven relay box for 24 volts to ground. If voltage is indicated at the copper strip, replace wiring to the relay.SnPTES Amplidyne acts greatly over ‘compounded Sight lamp out PROBABIS CAUSE 4. Firing solenoid 5. Wiring & Connections. 1. Faulty ad— justments of compounding resistors. 2. Open com pounding pot~ entioneters. 1. Faulty lemp filament select - or switch. 2, Power reley or awiteh. 3. Rheostat 4. Wiring or connections. REMEDY 4, Check for emtinuity to ground from the stationary contacts of the firing relay. If none is apparent, replace wiring or firing solenoid, 1. Check the two 60 chm compounding resistors on the amplidyne unit for adjustnents. 2. Check the compounding potentio~ meter for an open circuit or loose connection. 1. Insert new lamp and check by throwing filament selector awitch to auxiliary filament. 2. If lamp fails to light check terminal "A" or plug on resistor box for 24 volts te ground. If no voltage exists at terminal "a" check power relay and switch. 3 If voltage is indicated at terminal "A", replace cable and sheck both ends of rheostat with ‘the contact arm in about the middle of the resistance element. If no voltage is indicated at either ena, replace cable q@ rheostat as required, 4. If a voltage appears at the rheostat, check the filament selector switch and socket.Lithographea PUBLICATIONS OFFICE