Novel properties of 2D Materials: Beyond Graphene

Atomically Thin Semiconductors

Tony F. Heinz, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Columbia
University
Department of Applied Physics and Photon Science, Stanford University,
SLAC National Accelerator Lab
Mechanical strength: Hone group, Columbia. Stretch by 30% in defect free
material. Intrinsic strength achieved. Reichman group, Muller group,
Bartels group, Mueller Group (cornell)
Electronic properties: Look at dispersion relation of Graphene Electronic
structure (s,p,d orbitals) and k points (lack of mixing due to symmetry).
Graphene: no band gap; distinctive quantum effects at high temp; massless
Dirac fermions
BEYOND: new monolayer semiconductors, vertical heterostructures.
Another material is Boron Nitride (counterpart to graphene) same
honeycomb structure; Feenstra tunneling of boron nitride;
Bulk MoS2 used as motor oil? Dry lubricant.
Mak et. al PRL (2010) paper on: MOS2 as field effect transistors. Monolayer
has much stronger emission than bilayer. Band gap variation from 6-5-4-4-31 layer: lowest energy state; quantum confinement effect when materials
decrease in size,
GaAs is covalently bonded; different effects.
Scaling up TMD Monolayer synthesis is a challenge: large scale exfoliation,
chemical vapor deposition, Creating tunable band gaps (with alloying) no
phase separation because XRD peaks would look different.
Peak splitting spin orbit interactions from slightly differing locations in band
structure. Excitonic transitions, trions (?) How do you measure exciton
states? Energy vs. absorption phenomena. Use effective mass model to
reduce model to hydrogen ---? Plot the 1s excitonic wavefunction in WS2;
Di Xiao individual valleys; PRL 2012; intracellular angular momentum
(orbital) electron spin; Valley selectivity causes/induces knowledge of angular
momentum (L or R hand spin);
Heterostructures: combining layers . one layer transferred onto another; BN
on top of graphene on top of BN (very high quality interaces are achieved)
with MBE; can combine many different types with tunable orientation;

Twisted TMD homo-bilayer(different relative orientation) Van der Zande et al

(2014) with Hone, Mueller, Reichman groups; interlayer exciton transitions;