Name:=Chandni K Jadav

Sub:=ARA Std:=M.com Sem4

Roll No:=14

Statistical Quality Control

Process Control
Control Chart
For Variable
x

chart

R
chart

Product Control
Control Chart
For Attributes
P
chart

np
chart

chart

The charts for the measurable quality characteristics

of products are known as CHARTS FOR
VARIABLE.
Certain characteristics like length of screw, weight of
an article, diameter of a ring can be measured.
The charts used to know whether the desired standard
of these product are maintained or not are known as
variable charts. s
The main variable charts are X & R chart.

 Control Chart For Mean OR xx - Chart

This is Primarily designed to control the variation in the
process average . The Construction of X-Chart involves
the following Steps:
1)Measurement:
The first step in the Construction of x-Chart
is to take measurements on the sample units selected at
random from the products of the Process. Attempt
should be made to minimize the error is measurement by

(i). Using accurate and standard equipment and

instruments, and
(ii). Taking the services of technically sound and
skilled personnel.

2) Selection of Samples or Sub Groups

In order to draw valid conclusions from the control chart, it

is essential that all the samples are drawn at random so that each
unit in the lot has an equal chance of being selected in the
sample. The other problems that arise in the selection of the
sample are:
(i). The size of the sample (n).
(ii). Frequency of sampling, i. e., how much time should lapse
between the selection of different samples.

x
x
m

Is Estimated byx wherex x

m

Estimated byR whereR R

d2

and

is

Central line = x

Lower control limit = x A 2 R

x A 2R

Upper control limit =

x A 2R

if all the points on x chart fall within the control limits and if
they are randomly distributed on both the sides of the central
line then the process said to be under statically control . this
shows that only chance causes are present in process .

if one or more points fall outside the control limits the process
said to be out of control with respect to average . this indicates
the presence of assignable causes of variations in the
process .

A2= 0.577 n =5

Answer
x 135.3
x 135.3
x

13.53
m
10

R 25.9
R

2.59
m
10
Control Limits Of X-chart

x 13.53
Central line

R 25.9
U.C.L X A 2 R
=13.53+(0.577)(2.59)
=15.02

L.C.L X A 2 R
=13.53-(0.577)(2.59)
=12.04

x
15.2 UCL
13.53 CL
12.4 LCL