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cho ngi mi bt u
Chp nh vi flash c phc tp gp 3 ln so vi chp nh vi nh sng ca mi trng
(ambient light). Tuy nhin, khi chng ta hiu nhng g xy ra trong vi mili giy sau khi
nhn nt chp hnh, chng ta s khng cn thy n qu kh na v c th chp c nhng
bc hnh theo mnh.
C bn
Trc khi phu lu vo th gii ca chp nh vi flash, bn cn phi c kin thc c bn v
phi sng (exposure). Bi hng dn ny mc nh rng bn hiu c s nh hng ca
tc chp (shutter speed) ti phi sng v bt dnh cc chuyn ng (motion blur), s
nh hng ca khu ti phi sng v su trng nh (depth of field), s nh hng
ca nhy sng (ISO setting) ti phi sng v nhiu (digital noise). Nu bn cha nm
vng v nhng kin thc ny, bn c th tham kho ti y v y
).
knh ph hp, chng c th chp c nhng bc nh tuyt vi. Tuy nhin, flash sn c trong
nhng my ny khng cung cp sng cn thit v qu gn ng knh, ko th s dng
nh phn x v khng th dng c ci cc ph kin iu chnh nh sng flash. S v dng
ca chng gii thch ti sao cc my nh cao cp khng tch hp sn n flash
Li khuyn dnh cho mi ngi dng DSLR l mua mt n flash ngoi ngay nu bn tin
cho n. Trong khi c rt nhiu th loi nh khng yu cu c n flash, nhng hu ht nhng
ngi mi cm my u chp ngi (people shot) hn l chp cc ch th khc. Flash c th
ci thin nh chp ngi k c trong nh ln ngoi tri. Trc khi ngh ti vic mua thm ng
knh hoc mt ci tripod xn hoc mt ph kin no khc, hy mua mt n flash tt cho my
nh ca mnh
Bi 3: nh flash phn x nh th no
Chp nh i hi kh nhiu k thut v kh phc tp, khng mt thng s hoc cch
thc no c th p dng c cho mi trng hp, bi hng dn ny vit trn gi
nh chng ta chp trong mt phng nh v c trn thp mu trng, thng l nh ,
lp hc hoc phng lm vic.
Ti sao s dng flash?
n gin to ra hoc thm vo nh sng cho cn phng cho php chng ta thit lp tc
chp cao hn (gim bng m trong nh), khp khu nh hn (c trng nh su hn), ISO
thp (gim nhiu) so vi vic s dng nh sng mi trng. H thng h tr ly nt ca flash
cng gip chng ta ly nt nhanh hn v chnh xc hn trong iu kin nh sng yu.
Ti sao phi dng flash phn x?
Trong t nhin, ngun sng thng chiu t pha trn xung ch th, v vy vng bng to
ra bi nh sng phn x t trn nh khi dng flash trng s t nhin hn. Khi nh sng pht
ra t flash p vo trn nh v phn x xung theo mi hng, nh sng s ri sng c cn
phng. iu ny to ra mt ngun sng rng khp phng khng nhng lm bng mm hn
m cn lm nn nh sng hn. Khi s dng ng cch, nh flahs phn x cn gip chng ta
to ra c hnh nh t nhin khng ging nh c s dng ngun sng ngoi. Nguyn nhn
cui cng l nh flash phn x s loi b hin tng mt khi chp vi flash trc tip.
Vn nhit mu
Flash ngoi to ra nhit mu tng t nh nh sng ban ngy. nh sng t n dy tc
(incandescent, tungsten) c nhit mu thp hn t nhin v nh sng to ra t n neon
(fluorescent) c nhit mu cao hn t nhin lm cho nh b m xanh hoc m vng. Thng
thng, n flash c kh nng to ra ngun sng mnh chiu sng mt cn phng nh,
v vy chng ta nn gim nh sng t mi trng xung mc nh nht c th bng cch thit
lp tc chp bng vi tc ng b ha flash (flash sync speed) (thng l 1/200 hoc
1/250 vi cc my Canon DSLR hin nay). iu ny s lm cho nh sng flash tr thnh
ngun sng chnh v loi b cc vn gy ra bi nhiu ngun sng c cc nhit mu khc
nhau.
Thit lp khu
Nu chng ta mun thit lp khu c c mt su trng nh nh , hy ch ti
cc vn sau. Khu nh (f ln) s i hi phi thit lp ISO cao c c phi sng
nh . su trng nh l mt khi nim tng i phc tp nhng ni chung, vi chp nh
ngi trong nh, f/4 l i vi mt i tng v f/8 l vi mt nhm nh. y l nhng
nguyn tc chung, bn hon ton c th chn mt khu bn cho l tt nht ty thuc vo
ch th m bn nh chp.
Thit lp nhy sng (ISO)
Chng ta bn qua v tc chp v khu , ISO l phn cui cng trong cng thc to ra
phi sng. Nu s dng ISO cao, tm nh s c nhiu nhiu, mt m nh l thit lp ISO
va c th ly sng cho bc nh ch khng nn thit lp cao qu mc cn thit.
iu ny i hi bn phi thit lp v th nhng thng thng ISO 400 l mc hp l bt
u.
Thit lp, th v iu chnh
Thng thng, chng ta c on mt khu v ISO no c c phi sng cn
thit cho bc nh i vi flash phn x v th xc nh thng s hp l. Vi ch M trn
my nh, vic thit lp c th da vo hng dn bn trn, t flash ch E-TTL, chp vi
tm hnh vi ch th cui phng. Ngay sau mi ln chp, quan st n bo xc nhn phi
sng trn flash (flash exposure confirmation lamp-FCL), gn n pilot pha sau flash. Tn hiu
t n ny cho bit flash c th cung cp nh sng cho mt tm nh ng sng vi cc
thng s chng ta thit lp hay khng.
Nu n ny khng sng, iu ny c ngha l flash khng th cung cp nh sng c
phi sng ng vi cc thng s ta chn. Cn phi m khu hoc tng ISO ty theo mc
ch chp v th li ln na.
Nu n sng, nhn vo histogram (ci ny em khng dch
) xc nh tm nh ng
sng hay cha. Nu tm nh b thiu sng, tng thm sng cho flash bng cch bm vo
+FEC (flash exposure compensation). Vic tng sng cho flash l thng thy trong khi s
dng flash phn x v ch o sng E-TTL ca flash. Sau khi iu chnh FEC, th li, iu
chnh tip cho ti khi t c phi sng mong mun. Nu bn cha bit c thng tin
histogram th mi tham kho ti y.
Khi chng ta thc hin vic iu chnh, chng ta sn sng chp c nhng tm nh vi
phi sng ng. Tuy nhin, cn phi nh kim tra FCL v histogram thng xuyn. Rt
nhiu yu t nh trang phc mu, ca s mu trng hoc vic thay i hu cnh c th lm
h thng o sng ca flash khng chnh xc v cn phi iu chnh bi ngi chp.
Di y l mt s kinh nghim v chp vi flash phn x cn nh:
1. Hng flash thng ln trn mi khi bn mun nh flash phn x, trnh s dng gc 45
v n c xu hng ch chiu sng ch th v v to ra cc vng sng trn trn nh pha trn
ch th.
2. Buc mt tm ba vo u ca flash nh hnh di s to ra catchlight trong mt ca ch
th v cung cp thm mt cht nh sng chiu trc tip b sng cho nhng phn bng
trn ch th nh hc mt, c.
3. Zoom flash ti mc rng nht c th s to ra mt vng sng rng t trn trn gip cho
vic chiu sng hiu qu hn v cung cp nhiu nh sng phn x t tm ba hn.
4. Trn nh khng phi l ni duy nht c th s dng cho nh sng phn x. Chng ta c th
s dng cc bc tng xung quanh.
Bi 4: Guide Number
Guide number l g?
Guide number cho flash in t l mt cch xc nhn sng cc i m n flash c th
to ra c din t theo hai thng s l khu v khong cch.Guide number (GN) l mt
kt qu tnh ton t khu v khong cch t flash ti ch th th hin lng nh sng phi
cung cp cho nh sng.
Cng thc c bn: GN = khu x khong cch
T cng thc trn chng ta c th suy ra:
Khu = GN/khong cch
Khong cch = GN/khu
Ba cch thng s dng GN l:
1. Xc nh khu cn thit chp ti mt khong cch nh trc khi s dng manual
flash. V d: Flash c GN bng 160 ft v khong cch cn chp l 20ft, khu cn phi dng l
f/8.
2. Xc nh khong cch ti a m flash c th cung cp sng cho ch th ti khu nh
trc. V d: Flash c GN l 160ft v khu s dng l f/8. Khong cch ti a m flash c th
cung cp sng l 20ft.
3. So snh mnh ca cc loi n flash (GN cng cao th n cng mnh). Tt nhin chng