B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

TNG CC MI TRNG

TI LIU HNG DN
THIT K M HNH C S D LIU S DNG
PHN MM MICROSOFT VISIO 2003

n v thc hin:

Trung tm thng tin v t liu mi trng

H NI - NM 2014

1. K hiu v cc thut ng s dng trong lc

1.1. Gi (Package) l mt tp hp cc lp c quan h vi nhau theo mt ch

nht nh.
1.2. Lp (Class) l m t mt tp hp cc i tng (i tng c hiu
theo ngha khi qut) c chung cc thuc tnh, cc quan h v cc phng
thc x l (v d: lp ng b c cc thuc tnh l tn ng, di,
rng; c cc quan h vi lp cu; c phng thc x l l i tn ng,
tnh di, tnh rng);
1.3. Lin kt (Association) l quan h gia hai hay nhiu i tng, mi i
tng tham gia vo quan h c mi lin h nht nh vi cc i tng cn
li.
1.4. Tng qut ho (Generalization) l quan h gia cc i tng c phn
cp theo mc tng qut hoc chi tit.
1.5. Kt tp (Aggregation) l mt loi quan h lin kt gia hai i tng;
trong i tng ny cha i tng kia, i tng b cha c th tn ti
c lp hoc tham gia vo cc kt tp khc.
1.6. T hp (Composition) l mt dng c bit ca quan h kt tp trong
khi i tng cha khng tn ti th cc i tng b cha cng khng tn
ti; i tng b cha khng th tham gia ng thi vo nhiu t hp.
1.7 Ph thuc (Dependency) l quan h gia cc i tng m khi mt i
tng thay i s nh hng ti i tng khc.
2

2. Thit k M hnh d liu

M hnh d liu cc lp thng tin c thit k bng ngn ng UML
s dng Microsoft Visio, sau xut m hnh d liu theo nh dng XML
v trc tip vo c s d liu Geodatabase SDE thng qua cng c
ArcCatalog.
Thc hnh thit k m hnh d liu cho lp thng tin C s sn xut
thuc gi Dn c v c s h tng
Lp thng tin: Trm quan trc
- Tn lp: Tramquantrac
- Ni dung: Cc trm quan trc kh tng, thy vn, hi vn, mi
trng (t, nc, khng kh)
- nh dng d liu: im
Quy nh thuc tnh:
Thng tin thuc tnh
Tn trng
Ma_th
Ma_loai

Kiu d liu

M
1
2
3

M t
M loi tng hp
M nhn dng trm quan
trc
Nhn
Hi vn
Kh tng
Mi trng

Thy vn

M t
Hi vn
Kh tng
Mi trng (t, nc, khng
kh)
Thy vn

Yto_qtrac

Cc yu t quan trc

Text(150)

Thoigiando

Thi gian o

Date

Caodotram

Cao trm

Integer

Danh sch
gi tr

Text(10)
Long Integer (10)

2.1. Thit k m hnh i tng

1. Thc hin trong Microsoft Visio

Khi ng Visio, Chn File/Open; Chn ng dn n th mc

CaseTools\UML Models trong th mc ci t ArcGIS. Nhn p chut vo
file mu ArcInfo UML Model.

2. To cc gi UML v cc lc (static structure diagrams)

Cc gi (package) l cch t chc m hnh UML, l ni nhm

cc thnh phn ca m hnh ging nh t chc ca th mc.
- Trong cy Model Explorer, nhn phi chut vo workspace, chn
New/package.
- G tn Pakage: DancuvaCosohatang; Trong Stereotype, chn
FeatureDataset; trong Documentation: g Dn c v C s h tng; nhn
OK.
- Click chut phi vo Package DancuvaCosohatang va to, chn
New/Static Structure Diagram to mt lc class mi, nhp tn lc
: DancuvaCosohatang.

3. To lp (Feature class)

Cc lp (FeatureClass) c th hin bi cc lp UML trong m hnh.

C th nh ngha cc trng, kiu d liu khng gian, v cc c tnh khc
4

ca lp. Lp c th c to ra trong Workspace hoc trong nhm lp

Package. C th thm cc trng ca lp bng cch thm cc thuc tnh cho
lp UML. Kiu ca trng l mt trong cc gi tr trong tp hp
esriFieldType.
Nu trng c kiu l domain, th domain phi c to trc .
1. Trong cy Model Explorer, Pakage: DancuvaCosohatang, chn
New/ Class, ko th vo lc DancuvaCosohatang, trong UML Class
Properties, t tn Class: Tramquantrac; trong Documentation: Trm quan
trc.
2. thit lp cc gi tr ca lp Class nh tn ca lp, kiu d liu
ca lp (im, ng hay vng) nhn vo Tagged Values, New/ Tag: g
Alias, trong Value: g thng tin m t tn lp (c du); New/ Tag: g
GeometryType v nhp m t loi d liu l esriGeometryPoint.
3. Thm trng (Field) cho lp Class: Tramquantrac. Chn Attribute
trong ca s Categories; Chn New thm mt trng; Chn Properties
cp nht thuc tnh cho trng; Nhp tn cho trng mi trong Name; Nhn
vo hp Type chn kiu d liu ca trng;
4. thit lp cc th gi tr (Tagged Value) l cc thuc tnh ca lp
nh thit lp di ca chui k t trong cc trng dng String, nhn vo
Tagged Value trong ca s Categories; Chn New / Tag, g Alias v nhp
thng tin m t tn trng d liu trong Value (c du); New/ Tag/ Length
v nhp di ca trng trong Value;
5. thm y cc trng ca lp, thc hin lp li cc bc 2, 3.
Khi cc trng xut hin trong lc nh l thuc tnh ca lp.

4. Thit lp mi quan h gia cc lp(Class) trong mt nhm lp (Pakage)

i vi cc class dng bng nh bng s liu quan trc th cc Class

k tha t lp Object. Trong cy Model Explorer, m package EsriClass,
chn Object ko v th vo lc ; Chn Generalization trong UML Static
Structure, ko v th vo lc ; Ni u cui mi tn generalization vo
lp, u mi tn vo lp Object.

i vi cc Class cha d liu khng gian th cc Class ny k tha

t lp Feature. Trong cy Model Explorer, m package EsriClass, chn
Feature ko v th vo lc ; Chn Generalization trong UML Static
Structure, ko v th vo lc ; Ni u cui mi tn generalization vo
lp, u mi tn vo lp Feature.

5. To Domain

Domain c m hnh ha trong UML nh l cc lp mu.

Domain c s dng nh ngha kiu v gi tr hp l ca trng.
To Coded Value domains
1.Trong Model Explorer, m Workspace package, to 1 package
Domain, nhn phi chut, chn Duplicate. Mt bn copy ca
TemplateCodedDomain c to ra trong Domain package va to
2. Ko v th domain va to vo lc
3. Nhn p vo domain v nhp tn domain

4. Chn Attribute trong ca s Categories; Chn thuc tnh Code1,

chn Properties; Nhp tn trong hp Name; Chn kiu ca trng trong hp
Type; Nhp m trong hp InitialValue; Chn OK
5. Lp li cc bc trn cho cc m khc.
2.2. Xut m hnh sang nh dng XMI
Trc khi sinh lc c s d liu khng gian t m hnh UML
phi xut m hnh ra nh dng XMI. Cng c xut m hnh ra nh dng
XMI c tch hp trong Visio
1. Trong Visio, chn Tools\Add-Ons\ESRI XMI Export

2. Chn ng dn ti th mc s lu file XMI

3. Nhp tn file XMI
4. Chn Save xut m hnh UML
5. Chn OK

2.3. Kim tra m hnh d liu

S dng Semantics checker m bo m hnh c thit k ng.
Nu c li s t ng a ra bo co chi tit cc li. C th in hoc xut ra
cc nh dng khc nhau.
1. Trong Visio chn Tools\Macros\ESRI\SematicsChecker
2. Chn Model stored in XMI file
3. Chn ng dn ti file XMI
4. Chn check kim tra m hnh
Nu c li s t ng lit k tt c cc li ca m hnh

2.4. Nhp MHDL vo CSDL

Bc nhp MHDL dng XML vo Geodatabase s s dng
SchemaWinzard ca ArcCatalog nhp.
1. Khi ng ArcCatlog

Chn biu tng Schema Winzard trn thanh toolbar nhp file
XML vo Geodatabase

Nu trn thanh cng c cha c biu tng Schema Winzard th click

vo thanh Toolbars chn Customize, chn tab Command v click vo Case
Tools trong danh sch Categories
Ko biu tng Schema Winzard ra thanh toolbar, ri ng ca s
Customize

2. Nhp m hnh d liu nh dng XML vo Personal Geodatabase

Trc tin cn to 1 csdl cha d liu Personal Geodatabase hoc

File Geodatabase
- Personal Geodatabase: cho php lu tr d liu n 2Gb
- File Geodatabase: cho php lu tr d liu n 1 Terra byte.
Trong ArcCatalog, to Personal Geodatabase CSDLDoibo_thuchanh
bng cch click chut phi, chn new/ Personal Geodatabase, t tn cho
Personal Geodatabase: CSDLDoibo_thuchanh

10

Chn Personal Geodatabase: CSDLDoibo_thuchanh va to, chn biu

tng biu tng Schema Winzard/ Next/ chn ng dn lu tr file XML
ca MHDL c xut ra t Viso/ Next/ Chn Use default values/ Next

3. Nhp h ta cho cc Feature dataset

Sau khi thc hin cc bc trn, Schema winzard s hin th feature

dataset v cc feature class

Chn feature dataset

Chn properties m hp thoi thuc tnh ca feature dataset t
thuc tnh Spatial Reference
Chn Edit

11

Cc feature class trong cng 1 feature dataset phi c cng thuc tnh
spatial reference
Import hoc Select h ta (s dng h ta VN2000)

Chn Tab X/Y Domain

Thay i cc gi tr MinX, MaxX, MinY, MaxY, precision bng gi tr
sau
MinX

-3333059.939652

MaxX

5463033.07846001

MinY

-2813436.241652

MaxY

5982656.77646001

Precision

244,140624772626

Ch : Nu bo li sau th thay dy chm thnh du phy cho bng gi

tr trn

12

Apply>OK>OK
t gi tr Grid level 1 cho tng feature class; Chn property ca
feature class thay i gi tr Grid level 1 thnh 101474,3880625
Lm tng t cho cc feature class cn li

Chn OK> next>finish

H thng s hi ngi s dng mun xem log file

Hon tt vic import nh dng xml vo personal geodatabase

4. Kt qu Nhp MHDL vo CSDL

13

14

Bi tp thc hnh:
To lp thng tin C s sn xut trong nhm lp Dn c v c s h tng:
Lp thng tin: C s sn xut
- Tn lp: ctht_cssx
- Ni dung: Khu cng nghip, nh my, x nghip
- nh dng d liu: im, vng
Quy nh thuc tnh:
Thng tin thuc tnh
Tn trng
Ma_th
Ma_loai
M
1
2
Domain
3
4
5

M t
M loi tng hp
M nhn dng c s sn xut
Nhn
Khu cng nghip
Nh my
X nghip
Lng ngh
C s sn xut khc

Ten

Tn

Text(150)

Diachi

a ch

Text(150)

Fax

S fax

Integer

Dienthoai

in thoi lin lc

Integer

Dientich

Din tch (km2)

Double(12/2)

Ghichu

Ni dung ghi ch b sung

Text 100

Thoigian

Thi im cp nht

Date

Kiu d liu
Integer
Long Integer 10
M t

Thit k GeoDatabase
thit k v ci t mt Geodatabse nhiu ngi cng s dng th phi ci t:
- H qun tr CSDL nhiu ngi dng (nh: SQL Server, Oracle, Informix, DB2,).
- ArcGIS; ArcSDE
- C/khng Visio (trong trng hp ny th c)
1. SQL Server

15

Cc u im ca SQL so vi Oracle l tnh ph bin, d s dng v c bit l gi thnh r

hn rt nhiu so vi Oracle.
SQL Server c 2 phin bn l Standard v Enterprise. Bn Enterprise dng cho mi trng x
nghip ni i hi cao v mc x l d liu.

2. GeoDatabase
GeoDatabase l mt m hnh d liu c bit c ESRI a ra chuyn dng cho cc h
thng thng tin a l. GeoDatabase c s ph thuc nht nh vo sn phm ca cc hng
khc, c bit l Visio ca Mircosoft v cc h qun tr d liu nh: Oracle, SQL Server, DB2,
Informix, MS Access.. GeoDatabase h tr phng php phn tch v thit k theo hng
i tng rt mnh.

3. Ci t GeoDatabase
Tin trnh ci t phn mm c th s dng GeoDatabase cn ci t theo cc bc:
Ci t phn mm MS Visio version 2000 tr ln
Ci t phn mm ArcGIS 8.x tr ln
Ci t 1 h qun tr c s d liu; chng hn MS Access, SQL Server, Oracle
Ci t ArcSDE
3.1 MS Visio 2000
Giao din ci t ban u ca MS Visio 2000.

Sau khi ci t thnh cng, kt qu s xut hin trong Programs ca Windows.

3.2 ArcGIS
Sau khi ci t, ArcGIS s xut hin trong Programs nh minh ho sau

16

Di y l minh ho short cut ca ArcInfo UML model. y cng chnh l chng trnh h
tr thit k GeoDatabase ca ESRI c tch hp vo MS Visio

Double clich vo shortcut khi ng chng trnh thit k GeoDatabase trn Visio

3.3 Ci t mt h qun tr c s d liu

GeoDatabase trong mi trng SQL Server
Mn hnh khi u ci t

17

Chn Install SQL Server 7.0 Component

Chn Database Server Desktop Edition

Tip tc vi cc ch dn ca qu trnh ci t. Khi kt thc ci t s xut hin trong
Programs nh sau:

18

3.4 Ci t ArcSDE
ArcSDE l mt phn mm c bit cho php nhiu ngi dng kt ni ti d liu trn cc
GeoDatabase server. Ch l ch nhng h thng GIS nhiu ngi dng mi cn phi ci
t ArcSDE. i vi cc h thng GIS mt ngi dng th c th s dng Personal
GeoDatabase. Personal GeoDatabase ny s c DBMS l Access v d nhin ch chy c
trn my n.

Mn hnh ci t ArcSDE ban u nh sau:

19

Click Install Software tip tc ci t, nhn Exit thot.

Sau khi ci t, chng ta s sang phn Post Installation (hu k) cu hnh cc thng s
cho GeoDatabase.
Ci t License Manager: ch ng dn n v tr ci License trn mng.
Sau khi hon thnh cc bc trn, chng ta c th xy dng c mt h thng GIS da
trn cng ngh GeoDatabase ca ESRI. Mt iu cn ch l trn my Server lun phi
khi ng service c bit ca SDE l service arcsde_sql.

4. Xy dng mt GeoDatabase
4.1 Thit k m hnh d liu
y l Case Tool c dng dng thit k m hnh
GeoDatabase
Do vic phn tch v thit k GeoDatabase l theo phng php hng i tng, cho nn
Case Tool ny dng ngn ng m hnh hp nht UML h tr thit k.
Vic thit k ny rt quen thuc vi nhng ngi lm quen vi phng php phn tch v
thit k hng i tng. Thnh phn chnh ca m hnh s l cc lp v quan h gia cc
lp.

20

V d quan h tha k gia lp Object v cc lp RGQG, Doan_Song, Doan_Duong, trong

cc lp RGQG, Doan_Song, Doan_Duong s tha k t lp Object. Ch y l cc lp
d liu thun thuc tnh.

Mt mi quan h tha k khc. Lp bnh v ranh gii hnh chnh s tha k t lp

Feature. y l cc lp d liu khng gian.

Mt loi quan h khc, quan h gia cc lp vi nhau.

21

Double click vo relationship

h ny

s cho ta tnh cht ca mi quan

4.2 Kim tra li

Sau khi thit k xong, ta cn kim tra li ca bn thit k. ArcGIS h tr mt cng c kim
tra li nhanh chng. l Code check.

22

4.3 Xut ra file bufer

y l giai on bt buc ca qu trnh thit k mt GeoDatabase. Vic xut bn thit k ra
file Access tm (temp) l rt n gin

Sau khi to c file tm, ta cn check li m hnh mt ln cui trnh mt thi gian khi
dng ArcCatalog chuyn vo SQL Server.

23

Nu vic kim tra ny thnh cng, mi vic sn sng thc hin chuyn d liu vo
GeoDatabase.
4.4 Dng ArcCatalog to GeoDatabase
Khi ng ArcCatalog, double click vo Add Spatial Database Connection

Mn hnh kt ni s c m ra nh sau, nhp OK kt ni.

To mt Feature Dataset
Feature Dataset l mt tp cc lp d liu khng gian. Mt GeoDatabase c th c 1 hoc
nhiu Dataset.
To Schema: Schema lu tr cu trc GeoDatabase th hin di dng cy. Cc thnh
phn ca cy bao gm class khng gian, class thuc tnh v relationship.

24

To schema bng schema Wizard

Sau khi hon thnh qu trnh to Schema, cc cu trc d liu s c lu tr xung

SQL Server theo m hnh c thit k. Tuy nhin ArcSDE sinh ra mt s bng c cu
trc k l lu tr cc thng tin ca GeoDatabase, chng ta khng cn quan tm n cc
thng tin ny.
Cu trc ca sde database trn SQL Server 7.0

25

n y ta hon thnh vic to ra mt GeoDatabase trn Visio v chuyn n vo SQL

Server.

26