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Academic English Workshop
Academic English Workshop
Characteristics
Characteristics of Academic
English
formal English (AMJ formal American
English)
Use academic vocabulary
Avoid phrasal verb use (e.g. Find out, go up,
etc.)
Use tentative language (modals: may, might)
Avoid over generalization (all, every, etc.)
Minimum used of personal pronouns (I, you,
we, they)
Polite
No short, disconnected sentences.
Use
Content
Content
All
Writing Organization
Organization
Title
Include key words of article
Brief and clear
Does not contain abbreviation
Avoid using too many of
Abstract
Use headings (Background, Methods, Results,
Conclusion)
Conscise (Eng. Max 250 words, Ind. Max. 200)
Acronyms/abbreviation are defined first used
afterwards
Key words: 3 5, alphabetical order
Organization (cont.)
Introduction
Contain background, topic, and purpose
Describe problem in general terms
Defines key words and concepts used in the article
Methods
Materials
Material preparation
Procedure
Sampling method (incl. Sample size
Statistical method /s
Use direct and precise sentences past tense
Organization (cont.)
Results
Link with the purpose of the study (research question/s)
Tables/graphs relevant with results of the study
important
Do not re-tell table contents in the narratives narratives
clarify information in the tables/graphs?
Discusssion
Explain whether the hypotheses are accepted/rejected and
Organization (cont.)
Conclusion
Summary and a thoughtful end of article
Fit the rest of the article (purpose, result,
etc.)
Does not include completely new ideas
Clause
Building blocks of a sentence
at least consist of a subject and a verb
Types of clause:
Clauses
(complement)
Examples:
.....when the patient visited the clinic
.....after the blood sample was subjected to the test
List of some
subordinators
After
Although
As, just as
As if
As soon as
Because
Before
Even though
How
If
Since
So that
That
Though
Unless
Until
What
When
Whenever
Wherever
Whether
Which
While
Who
whom
Exercise 1
During long journeys through
several time zones, the bodys inner
clock is disrupted
2. There are some ways to minimize it
3. When hospital nurses change from
a day shift to a night shift
4. Jet lag affects most long-distance
travelers
1.
Types of Sentence
grab readers attention
and add emphasize
Compound emphasize balance
and parallel ideas
Complex showing what
information depends on what other
information
Compound complex
Simple
Simple Sentence
A
Compound Sentence
A
Coordinators
Coordinator
Function
For
To add a reason
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Conjunctive adverbs
Function
Conjuctive adverb
To add an unexpected or
surprising continuation
To give an alternative
possibility
otherwise
To add an example
Complex Sentence
A
Compound Complex
Sentence
A
Exercise 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Phrase
Phrase
Tenses
I study
I had studied
I am studying
I have studied
I will study
I am going to study
I studied
I will be studying
I was studying
Paragraph
Development
Paragraph Development
Only
supporting sentences
Explain or prove the topic sentence.
Are specific and factual
Can be examples, statistics, or quotations
some has a concluding sentence
Signal the end of the paragraph
Summarize the paragraph
Logical Order
Chronological
order : by time
sequence, e.g. Laboratory
procedures
Logical division of ideas: a topic is
divided into parts and each part is
discussed separately
Comparison/contrast paragraph:
similarities and/or differences
between two or more items are
described
Paraphrase
Pharaphrasing
Important
Plagiat
to avoid plagiarism
if:
paraphrase:
structure
No change in the meaning (of the
Exercise 3 and 4
Word
file
Exercise 5
In
THANK YOU