Peperiksaan Diagnostik Tahun 2008 Tingkatan Empat

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Biologi
Oktober
2008
2 jam
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BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH

DAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
________________________________________________________________
PEPERIKSAAN DIAGNOSTIK TAHUN 2008

TINGKATAN EMPAT
BIOLOGI
Kertas 1
Satu jam lima belas minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam Bahasa Inggeris.
2. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di bawah
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
This question paper consists of 50 questions.

Answer all questions.
Answer each question by blackening the correct space on the answer
sheet.
Blacken only one space for each question.
If you wish to change your answer, erase the blackened mark that you
have made. Then blacken the space for the new answer.
The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn to scale unless
stated.
You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 26 halaman bercetak.

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SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA
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Answer all questions

1.
The following information refers to an organelle of a plant cell.
A membranous sac which occupies a large part of a mature plant cell.
Contains water, stored food, salt and waste materials.
Which of the labelled parts, A, B, C and D is the organelle?
D
2.
The diagram shows an organelle of a cell.
Which process only occurs in this organelle?

A
Osmosis
Diffusion
Respiration
Photosynthesis
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3.
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The diagram shows a type of animal tissue.
What is the tissue?
4.
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue
The diagram shows the process of feeding by Amoeba sp.
Which organelle is not involved in the process shown in the diagram ?
Lysosome
Food vacuole
Pseudopodia
Contractile vacuole
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5.
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The table shows the characteristics of a plant tissue X.
Consists of companion cells
Contains sieve tubes
Which of the processes is related to the tissue X?

A
Absorption
Reproduction
Transpiration
Translocation
6. The diagram shows the structure of a plasma membrane.
The proteins labelled X and Y are
Pore protein
Pore protein
Carrier protein
Carrier protein
Carrier protein
Pore protein
Pore protein
Carrier protein
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7.
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The diagram shows a sodium-potassium pump.
What process involves in the mechanism?
Osmosis
Diffusion
Plasmolysis
Active transport
8. The information refers to a condition of a red blood cell after being immersed in a
solution.
The cell shrinks
The plasma membrane crinkles up
What process experienced by the red blood cell?

A
Crenation
Haemolysis
Plasmolysis
Deplasmolysis
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9. Which process does not use energy released by respiration?
Passage of nerve impulses
Active transport of glucose into the villi
Formation of gametes in the gonads
Diffusion of oxygen across the alveolar surface
10. Which process takes place in a root hair cell when oxygen is not available?
A Active transport and osmosis
B Active transport and diffusion
C Active transport
D Diffusion
11 . Onion cells have been placed in four solution of different concentration.
Which cells is immersed in hypotonic solution.
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12. The graph shows the changes of the length of the potato slices in different
solutions.
Length of potato
slices /cm
A
B
C
D
Time / min
Which curves labelled A, B, C and D shows the changes of the length of the slices
which were placed in distilled water?
13. Which of the following shows the structure of a polysaccharide?

A
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14.
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How many basic units are required to form the DNA molecule as shown in the
diagram .
A.
B.
C.
D.
18
15. The diagram shows an action of an enzyme and a sucrose.

Q
R
P
What are P, Q and R?
P
Lactase
Glucose
Lactose
Sucrase
Glucose
Fructose
Sucrase
Lactose
Fructose
Lactase
Galactose
Lactose
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16. The diagram shows one of the structures of a protein.
Which compound is made up of this structure?

A. Enzymes
B. Hormones
C. Antibodies
D. Haemoglobins
17. Which graph represents the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of pepsin.
A.
B.
Rate of
reaction
Rate of
reaction
C.
14
pH
14
pH
D.
Rate of
reaction
Rate of
reaction
14 pH
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14
pH
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18. The figure shows a cell cycle of an organism.
Interphase
Which of the following is the correct sequence of process X?

A. Telophase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
B. Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Telophase
C. Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
D. Prophase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Telophase
19. The number of chromosomes in a skin cell of a cat has a diploid number of
chromosomes 24.
What is the chromosomal number in its gametes?
i.
12
ii.
24
iii.
36
iv.
48
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The diagram shows a cell of an organism.
What is the stage of cell division shown by the diagram.
A. Prophase I
B. Prophase II
B. Metaphase I
D. Metaphase II
21.
The diagram shows several stages in mitosis.
What is the behaviour of chromosome in stage Y.

A. Chromosomes condense and thicken
B. Chromosomes arrange themselves at the equatorial plane
C. Homologous chromosomes pair together and cross-over occurs
D. Homologous chromosomes separate and move the opposite poles.
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22. Which of the followings shows a stage in meiosis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
23. Which is an autotrophic organism?

A. Parasites
B. Holophytes
C. Saprophytes
D. Chemosynthetic organism
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24. The information shows the characteristic of a compound.

o Provides protection to organs against physical injuries
o Provides energy for physical activities
o Insulates body against heat loss
o Forms sex hormones
Which compound has the characteristics?
A.
Carbohydrate
B.
Protein
C.
Water
D.
Lipid
25. The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a human villus.
S
Which of these compounds can be found in S?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Amino Acids
D. Tiny droplets of lipids
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26. Which of the following is correct about the light and dark reaction
Light reaction
Dark reaction
A.
Occurs in stroma
Occurs in grana
B.
ATP and hydrogen are used
ATP and hydrogen are produced
C.
No reduction of carbon dioxide
There is reduction of carbon dioxide
D.
No oxygen is produced
Oxygen is produced
27. The diagram shows the graph of the rate of photosynthesis against light intensity.
Rate of
photosynthesis
006 % CO2
002 % CO2
Light intensity
The rate of photosyntehsis increases from X to Y. Which limiting factor has been
overcomed?
A.
Light intensity
B. Carbon dioxide concentration

C. Temperature
D. Water
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28. When 0.4 g of groundnut is completely burnt, the temperature of 20 ml of water

rises up from 30C to 70C. ( Secific heat capacity of water is 4.2 Jg C )
What is the energy value of the groundnut?
A 1.4 kJg
B
3.4 kJg
C. 8.4 kJg
D. 76.2 kJg
29. A food sample is tested to determine its contents.
The table below shows the results obtained.
Food test
Result
Benedicts solution is added and the mixture is boiled
Brick red precipitate
Iodine solution is added
Brownish yellow colour
Millons reagent is added and is heated in a water bath
Red precipitate
What are the food classes found in the food sample?

A
Starch and protein
Lipids and protein
Only reducing sugar
Protein and reducing sugars
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30. Organ P is a part of the human digestive system.
Organ P
When a baby drinks milk, what would happen to the milk protein in organ P?
A.
Protein is digested by pepsin into amino acids
B.
Polypeptides is digested by trypsin into dipeptide
C.
Caseinogen is coagulated into casein by rennin
D.
Caseinogen is coagulated into casein by hydrochloric acid
31. The diagram

shows a
respiratory
structure of
an organism.
Which organism has this structure?.

A
B
C
D
Frog
Fish
Crocodile
Grasshopper
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32. The diagram shows the structure of alveoli .
What process occurs between an alveolus and structure P during gaseous

exchange?
A.
Osmosis
B.
Simple diffusion
C.
Active transport
D.
Facilitated diffusion
33. Which structure involves in the gaseous exchange in Ameoba sp?.

A.
Cytoplasma
B.
Food Vacuole
C.
Contractile vacuole
D.
Plasma membrane
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34. The equation shows the process that takes place in yeast.
Glucose
S + Energy + Carbon dioxide
What is S?.
A. Water
B. Ethanol
C. Oxygen
D. Lactic acid
35. The figure shows a model of a rib cage
Backbone
R
Which of the following is represented by P, Q and R?
P
Sternum
Rib
Intercostal muscle
Intercostal muscle
Sternum
Rib
Sternum
Intercostal muscle
Rib
Intercostal muscle
Rib
Sternum
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36. The diagram shows a human respiratory system.
What happen to structure R during exhalation?.

A. Relaxes and becomes flatten
B. Contracts and becomes flatten
C. Relaxes and becomes dome shape
D. Contracts and becomes dome shape
37.
The information shows the results of an experiment to determine the oxygen

content in exhaled air using J-tube.
Length of exhaled air column
= 10.0 cm
Length of exhaled air column after

treatment with potassium hydroxide
9.6 cm
Length oh of exhaled air column after

treatment with potassium pyrogallol
8.5 cm
The percentage of oxygen content in the exhaled air is

A.
4.0 %
B. 11.0 %
C. 16.0 %
D. 21.0 %
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38.
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The diagram shows gaseous exchange in human lungs.
T
Blood
capillary
Alveolus
R
Which of the following is true about blood vessels R, S and T?
Contains blood with

high concentration of
oxygen
Allows oxygen to
diffuse into the
alveolus
Contains blood with

high concentration
of carbon dioxide
Contains blood with

High concentration of
oxygen
Allows carbon dioxide

to diffuse into the
alveolus
Contains blood with

high concentration
of carbon dioxide
Contains blood with high

concentration of carbon
dioxide
Allows carbon dioxide

to diffuse into the
capillary
Contains blood with

high concentration
of oxygen
Contains blood with high

concentration of carbon
dioxide
Allows oxygen to
diffuse into the
capillary
Contains blood with

high concentration
of oxygen
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39.
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The diagram shows a food web and the pyramid of number in an ecosystem.
M
L
K
J
Which of the following is K?

A. Snake
B. Bees
C. Eagle
D. Green plant
40. The diagram shows the changes in size of the populations of two organism in a
palm oil plantation. The organism are interdependent in a food chain.
Population
of animal
Owl
Rats
Time / year
What is the interaction between organism X and organism Y.
A. Mutualism
B. Parasitism
C. Prey predator
D. Commensalism
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41. The diagram shows an interaction between two species.
P
Q
Which of the following describe the effect of the interaction between species P and Q?
Species P
Species Q
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
Harm
Not affected
Harm
Benefit
No affected
42.
An officer in the Forrestry Depatment wants to determine the distribution of

Cengal Trees in Belum National Park.
Which is the most suitable method to be used ?
A. Direct Counting
B. Quadrat 1m X 1m
C. Quadrat 10m X 10 m
D. Capture, mark, release and recapture
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43.
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Figure (a) shows the profile of a mangrove swamp while figure (b) shows three
types of root of the trees that are found in the mangrove swamp.
Figure (a)
Figure (b)
Which of the mangrove root(s) can be found in P?
A. X
B. Y
C. Z
D. X and Y
44.
Penicillin was the first antibiotic found.

What is the microorganism that produces penicillin?
A. Virus
B. Fungi
C. Bacteria
D. Protozoa
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45. The diagram shows the root of a leguminous plant.
What is the role of the bacteria found in the root nodule of the plant in nitrogen
cycle.
A. Nitrogen fixation
B. Decomposition
C. Denitrification
C. Nitrification
46.
The following information is related to a process occurs in an ecosystem
Phosphate runs off into lakes
Rapid growth of autotrophic organisms
The process is
A. colonization
B. competition
C. eutrophication
D. phosphorilation
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47.
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The diagram shows a human activity.
Which is the effect of the activity ?

A. Decrease in BOD level
B. Increase the habitat of the fauna
C. Decrease the temperature in north pole
D. Increase the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere
48.
What is the effect of dust and smog on leaves of plants ?

A. Decrease the water transport
B. Damages the chlorophyll in the leaf
C. Decreases the amount of light received by the leaf
D. Damages the mesophyll cells in leaf
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49.
50.
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Which of the following are non renewable resources?

I
Iron ore
II
Timber
III
Petroleum
IV
Tin ore
I and III only
II and IV only
I, III and IV only
I, II, III and IV
Which diseases become worse when air pollution occurs?

I
Ashma
II
Skurvi
III
Pellagra
IV Bronchitis
A. I and III
B. I and IV
C. II and III
D. I, III and IV
END OF THE QUESTIONS

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Biologi
Oktober
2008
2 jam
Nama ...................................................... Tingkatan ....................
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DAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER
________________________________________________________________

TINGKATAN EMPAT
BIOLOGI
Kertas 2
Dua jam tiga puluh minit

2. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di bawah.
Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Bahagian
Soalan
Markah
Penuh
12
12
12
12
12
20
20
20
20

1. This question paper consists of two sections :
Section A and Section B.
2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your
answers for Section A clearly in the spaces provided
in the question paper.
3. Answer any two questions from Section B. Write your
answer for Section B on the lined paper in detail. You
may use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and
other suitable methods to explain your answer.
4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.
5. If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the
answer.
6. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale
unless stated.
7. The mark allocated for each question or part of
question is shown in brackets.
8. The time suggested to complete Section A is 90
minutes, and Section B is 60 minutes.
9. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator
10. Hand in this question paper at the end of the
examination.
Markah
Jumlah

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For
Examiners
Use
Section A
[ 60 marks ]
Answer all questions
1.
Diagram 1 shows cell organisation in plant. Cells J undergo differentiation and

specialisation to form several tissues in a leaf of a green plant.
Cells J
Cell Specialisation
L
Crosssection
if a
leaf
Xylem
tissue
M
DIAGRAM 1
(a)
Name tissue K and tissue L.

K : ..
1(a)
L:
[2 marks]
(b)
State the function of cells K and M in a leaf.

K : ..
M: ...
1(b)
[2 marks]
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(c) (i) Explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.
1(c)(i)
[2 marks]
(ii) During the formation of the xylem tissue, the plant was unable to
synthesise lignin.
Explain the effect on the function of the leaf.
1(c)(ii)
[2 marks]
(d)
Based on diagram 1, state the meaning of cell specialization.
1(d)
[2 marks]
(e)
Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant.

Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its
function.
1(e)
[3 marks]
TOTAL
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2.
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Diagram 2.1 shows the synthesis and secretion of an enzyme in an animal cell.
R
P
DIAGRAM 2.1
(a)
Name the parts labelled P and R.

P : ..
R: ...
2(a)
[2 marks]
(b)
State the function of organelle S.
2(b)
[1 mark]
(c)
Explain the role of organelle Q in the synthesis of an enzyme.
2(c)
[2 marks]
Diagram 2.2 shows the structure of an enzyme and three substrates W, X and
Y.
Enzyme
DIAGRAM 2.2
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(d) (i) Based on Diagram 2.2, choose the correct substrate and complete the
schematic diagram to show the mechanism of enzyme action on the
substrate.
+
Enzyme + Substrate
EnzymeSubstrate complex
+
2(d)(i)
Enzyme + Products
[2 marks]
(ii) State two characteristics of the enzyme, which are illustrated in (d)(i).
1 : ..
2: ...
2(d)(ii)
[2 marks]
(e)
A child with high fever has body temperature of 41C.

Explain the effect on the process of digestion in his digestive system.
2(e)
TOTAL
[3 marks]
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3.
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Diagram 3 shows the phases in a cell division in cell X. The phases are not in
the correct sequence.
DIAGRAM 3
(a) (i) Name the type of cell division.
3(a)(i)
[1 mark]
(ii) State an organ where this cell division takes place.
3(a)(ii)
[1 mark]
(b)
State the number of chromosomes of cell X during phase P and phase U.

P: .
U: .
3(b)
[2 marks]
(c) (i) State the name of each phase of the cell division in Table 1
Phase
Name of the phase
P
Q
R
S
T
U
3(c)(i)
TABLE 1
[3 marks]
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(ii) State the phase that brings about variation in organism.

Explain your answer.
3(c)(ii)
[3 marks]
(d))
Cell X is treated with a type of chemical that retards the function of

centrioles.
Explain what will happen to the chromosomal behavior in stage P.
3(d)
TOTAL
[2 marks]
4.
Diagram 4 shows human digestive system.
DIAGRAM 4
(a) (i) Name organ Q.
4(a)(i)
[1 mark]
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(ii) Explain the process of food digestion in Q.
4(a)(ii)
[3 marks]
(b)
State two effects if the gastric glands in Q are unable to produce

hydrochloric acid.
1 : ..
4(b)
2: ...
[2 marks]
(c)
Explain one difference between the food that enters P and R.
4(c)
[2 marks]
(d) (i) Explain the absorption of proteins in R.
4(d)(i)
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain the importance of food digestion which enables nutrients to be
absorbed by the villi.
4(d)(ii)
[2 marks]
TOTAL
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5.
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Diagram 5 shows part of the nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen in the
atmosphere
Fixation by
nitrogen
fixing
bacteria in
the root
nodules of
leguminous
plants
Dead
organisms
and animals
waste
Process X
Ammonium
Absorption
Nitrites NO2
Compound Y
DIAGRAM 5
(a)
Name process X and compound Y.

Process X:
Compound Y: ..
5(a)
[2 marks]
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(b) (i) Plants will convert compound Y into an organic compound.

Name the organic compound.
5(b)(i)
[1 mark]
(ii) Describe the functions of the organic compound named in (b)(i) in plants.
5(b)(ii)
[2 marks]
(c) (i) Name the bacteria involve in the fixation of nitrogen in nodules of a
leguminous plant.
5(c)(i)
[1 mark]
(ii) The microorganism name in d (i) interacts with the leguminous plant.
Name and explain the type of relationship between the two species.
5(c)(ii)
[2 marks]
(d)
Relate the importance of nitrogen cycle in the growth of rabbits.
5(d)
[3 marks]
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Section B
[ 40 marks ]
Answer any two questions from this section.
6. (a) State two differences between passive transport and active transport.
[2 marks]
(b)
Red blood cells

in 3% sodium
chloride solution
after 30 minutes
Red blood cells

in 0.1% sodium
chloride solution
after 30 minutes
DIAGRAM 6.1
Diagram 6.1 shows a red blood cell immersed in different salt solutions.
Explain what happen to the red blood cell after being immersed in 3% of sodium
chloride solution and 0.1% of sodium chloride solution for half an hour.
[8 marks]
(c) Diagram 6.2 shows the appearance of the plants cell which is immersed in different
concentration of sucrose solution one after another.
Plant cell in 17% of

sucrose solution
for 30 minutes
Plant cell in 0.1%

of sucrose solution
for 30 minutes
Plant cell in 30% of

sucrose solution
for 30 minutes
Plant cell in 0.1%

of sucrose solution
for 30 minutes
DIAGRAM 6.2
Based on Diagram 6.2, describe what happen to the cell in each concentration of
sucrose solution.
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7. Diagram 7.1 shows a respiratory structure of an insect.

P
tracheol
body cell
DIAGRAM 7.1
(a) (i) Explain the gases exchange between tracheol and body cell.
[4 marks]
(ii) Chitin is a polysaccharide on the outer surface of structure P. Due to the change
in the environment, the insect is unable to form the polysaccharide.
Explain how the absence of chitin affects inhalation and the energy production.
[6 marks]
(b) Diagram 7.2 shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorous
exercise of an athlete.
Oxygen intake
(litre/minute)
Vigorous exercise
Time (min)
DIAGRAM 7.2
(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorous
exercise.
(ii) Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the
25th minute.
[10 marks]
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8. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows the daily menu of a pregnant woman.
Breakfast
A plate of fried rice
A can of carbonated drink
An apple
Lunch
A bowl of chicken rice complete with a
piece of roasted drumstick and a bowl
of chicken soup
A plate of fried prawn
A glass of sweetened fruit juice
Dinner
A plate of fried noodle
2 slices of cucumber
A cup of coffee
DIAGRAM 8.1
Does the menu provide a balanced diet for the pregnant woman?
Evaluate the nutrients content and the effects of consuming the foods. .
[10 marks]
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(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a schematic diagram of the photosynthesis process.
chlorophyll
C6H12O6
CO2
O2
H2O
DIAGRAM 8.2
Based on Diagram 8.2,
(i) write the chemical equation of photosynthesis.
(ii) define photosynthesis.
[4 marks]
(c) Diagram 8.3 shows organisms in a pond ecosystem
lotus
Elodea sp
Hydrilla sp
DIAGRAM 8.3
Based on Diagram 8.3, describe how Hydrilla sp is able to obtain all the requirement
for photosynthesis.
[6 marks]
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9. (a)
The use of fertiliser increases the amount of phosphate and nitrate in the soil.
This enhances the growth of plants. There are two main types of fertilizers,
which are organic and inorganic fertilisers. Farmers are advised to use organic
fertilizers rather than the inorganic fertilizers. The organic fertilizers release the
nutrients gradually into the soil and this will reduce the amount of nutrients
entering the water system.
Based on the statement, explain how the use of excessive inorganic fertilizers in a
long period of time reduces the population of aquatic organisms.
[10 marks]
(b) Diagram 9 shows a tree grown wildly in an agricultural area.
Bird`s nest
Insects
Roots
Soil
DIAGRAM 9
A farmer plans to cut down the tree to grow vegetables.
Discuss the good and bad effects of this action on human and the ecosystem.
[10 marks]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
4551
SULIT
MOZ@C
Nama ...................................................... Tingkatan ....................
SULIT
4551
Biologi
Oktober
2008
2 jam
4551

DAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER
________________________________________________________________

TINGKATAN EMPAT
BIOLOGI
Kertas 3
Satu jam tiga puluh minit
2. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di bawah.
1. This question paper consists of two questions. Answer all the
questions.
2. Write your answers for Question 1 in the spaces provided in
the question paper
3. Write your answers for Question 2 on the lined pages at the
end of the question paper in detail. You may use equations,
diagrams, tables, graph and other suitable methods to explain
your answer.
4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.
5. If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the answer.
6. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless
stated.
7. Marks allocated for each question or part question are shown
in brackets
8. The time suggested to complete Question 1 is 45 minutes
and Question 2 is 45 minutes
9. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator
10. Hand in this question paper at the end of the examination.
Marks awarded:
Score
3
2
1
0
Description
Excellent: The best response
Satisfactory: An average response
Week: An inaccurate response
No response or wrong response
Untuk Kegunaan
Pemeriksa
Soalan
Markah
penuh
33
17
Markah
JUMLAH

4551
[Lihat sebelah
2
MOZ@C
SULIT
4551
Answer all questions.

Question 1
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical that bubbles when it reacts with a catalase enzyme.
Catalase enzyme is an antioxidant enzyme in living cells. Hydrogen peroxide is converted
into water and oxygen by the catalase enzyme
2H2O2
2H2O + O2
An experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of pH on catalase enzyme in potatoes.

Bubbling of gases is used to indicate that a reaction is occurring. The rate of reaction is
determined by measuring the volume of bubbles produced in a unit time. The experiment is
conducted as followed:
1.
Three measuring cylinders, P, Q and R are filled with 3.0 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide.
2.
6.0 cm3 of 0.1% hydrochloric acid is added to P, 6.0 cm3 of distilled water is added to Q
and 6.0 cm3 of 0.1% sodium hydroxide is added to R.
3.
pH paper is used to measure the pH value of each tube.
4.
The potato is cut into three cubes, with the size of 1.0 cm3 each.
5.
One potato cube is added into each measuring cylinder.
6.
The volume of bubbles produced in each measuring cylinder is observed after

5 minutes and recorded.
7.
The results are shown in Diagram 1.
cm3
25
Volume
of
bubbles
cm3
25
10
P
pH 2
4551
cm3
25
3.0 cm3
hydrogen
peroxide
+
6.0 cm3
0.1%
hydrochloric
acid
+
1.0 cm3
potato
20
15
10
Volume
of
bubbles
=
20
20
15
Volume
of
bubbles
3.0 cm
hydrogen
peroxide
+
6.0 cm3
distilled
water
+
1.0 cm3
potato
Q
pH 7
DIAGRAM 1
15
10
3.0 cm3
hydrogen
peroxide
+
6.0 cm3
0.1%
sodium
hydroxide
+
1.0 cm3
potato
R
pH 10
SULIT
3
MOZ@C
SULIT
(a)
4551
List all materials and apparatus used in this experiment.

Materials
For
Examiners
Use
Apparatus
1(a)
[3 marks]
(b)
(c)
Record the volume of bubbles formed in each measuring cylinder after

5 minutes in Diagram 1.
[3 marks]
(i)
1(b)
State two observations made on Diagram 1.

Observation 1
.
.
Observation 2
.
.
1(c)(i)
[3 marks]
(ii)
State the inference for each observation made in (b) (i).

Inference for observation 1
.
.
Inference for observation 2
.
.
[3 marks]
4551
SULIT
4
MOZ@C
SULIT
(d)
(i)
4551
Construct a table and record all the data collected in the experiment
based on the following criteria:
pH value
Volume of bubbles formed
Rate of reaction (cm3 minute-1)
1(d)(i)
[6 marks]
(ii)
Explain the relationship between the test tube content and the volume of
bubbles formed in Q.
.
.
.
1(d)(ii)
[3 marks]
(e)
(i)
State the variables and explain how the variables are operated.
Variables
Manipulated variable
How the variables are operated
Responding variable
Fixed variables
1(e)(i)
[3 marks]
4551
SULIT
5
MOZ@C
SULIT
(ii)
4551
State the hypothesis of the experiment.

.
.
1(e)(ii)
[3 marks]
(f)
State the relationship between volume of bubbles formed and time in a

medium of pH 7.
.
.
.
1(f)
[3 marks]
(g)
Based on the experiment, what is enzyme?

....
.
.
[3 marks]
(h)
The experiment is repeated by using 2 potato cubes sized 0.5 cm3 each.
Predict the observation in measuring cylinder R. Explain your answer.
.
.
.
1(g)
[3 marks]
4551
SULIT
6
MOZ@C
SULIT
4551
Question 2
Acorbic acid, or vitamin C, is found in fruits and green vegetables. Ascorbic acid is a
reducing agent which decolourises the blue colour of DCPIP solution. The vitamin C in
solutions will deteriorate when exposed to oxygen.
Plan an experiment to determine the vitamin C content in orange, papaya and watermelon
juices.
Your experimental planning need to include the following aspects:
Statement of identified problem
Objective of study
Variables
Statement of hypothesis
List of materials and apparatus
Technique used
Experimental procedures
Presentation of data
Conclusion
[17 marks]
END OF QUESTION PAPER

4551
SULIT
F4 BIOLOGY DIAGNOSTIC 2008
1
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
SULIT
4551
Biologi
Oktober
2008
1 jam
4551

DAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER
________________________________________________________________

TINGKATAN EMPAT
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
BIOLOGI
Kertas 1, 2 dan 3
UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSAN SAHAJA
Peraturan pemarkahan ini mengandungi 21 halaman bercetak.
MARKING SCHEME
4551
2
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
PAPER 1
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Answer
D
D
A
D
D
C
D
A
D
D
No
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Answer
A
A
C
B
B
D
A
C
A
A
No
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Answer
B
C
D
D
C
C
B
C
D
C
No
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Answer
D
B
D
B
C
C
B
D
B
C
No
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Answer
D
C
B
B
A
C
D
C
C
B
PAPER 2
Question 1
No
(a)
Able to state the function of cells K and M in a leaf.

Sample answer:
K: Protect the inner tissues. // Allows light to penetrate.
M: Controls the size of stoma / transpiration / gaseous exchange
// Allows gaseous exchange through the stoma.
(b)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(d)
Criteria
Able to name tissue K and tissue L.
Answer:
K: Upper epidermis (cells / tissue)
L: Palisade mesophyll (cells / tissue)
Able to explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.

Sample answer:
Cells J join end to end, / the wall of cells J at the joints dissolved,
to form a hollow tube / continuous tube (from root to leaves).
The wall of xylem vessel is thickened by lignin.
(Any 2)
Able to explain the effect on the function of the leaf when the plant
unable to synthesise lignin during the formation of the xylem tissue.
Sample answer:
Xylem cannot be strengthened / cannot uphold leaf.
Less sunlight received / absorbed.
Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced
Or
(Any 2)
Xylem vessels collapsed.
Less water supplied to leaves.
Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced
(Any 2)
Able to state the meaning of cell specialisation.
Sample answer:
Cells grow, change shape / differentiate.
To carry out / perform specific function.
MARKING SCHEME
Marks
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4551

(e)
3
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
Able to explain the adaptation of palisade mesophyll tissue to enable

the leaf to carry out its function.
Sample answer:
Upright and closely packed.
Contains large number of chloroplast.
All cells receive maximum amount of sunlight.
// Absorb maximum amount of sunlight // energy.
1
1
1
3
TOTAL
13
Question 2
No
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) (i)
(ii)
Criteria
Able to name the parts labelled P and R.
Answer :
P: Golgi apparatus
R: vesicle // lysosomes
1
1
Able to state the function of mitochondrion.

Sample answer :
Site of (cellular) respiration // To produce ATP.
Able to explain the role of nucleus in the synthesis of an enzyme.

Sample answer :
(Nucleus / DNA) carries genetic information (for protein synyhesis).
Ribosome synthesis the protein.
1
1
Able to complete the schematic diagram to show the mechanism of

enzyme action.
Sample answer :
Suitable substances : Y
Complete drawing
1
1
Able to name two characteristic of enzyme based on answer (d)(i).

Sample Answer:
The reaction of enzyme are highly specific // One enzyme only for
one substrate.
Enzyme reactions are reversible.
Enzymes are not destroyed in the reaction.
(Any 2)
MARKING SCHEME
Marks
1
1
1
2
4551

(e)
4
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
Able to explain the effect of temperature on the digestion in the

mouth.
Sample Answer:
Reaction of enzyme decreases.
The active sites change.
Enzymes could not bind with substrates.
Digestion becomes slow.
(Any 3)
1
1
1
1
3
TOTAL
12
Question 3
No
(a) (i)
(ii)
(b)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(d)
Criteria
Able to name the type of cell division.
Answer: meiosis
Able to state an organ where meiosis takes place.

Answer: Testis // Ovary
State the number of chromosomes of cell X during phase P and

phase U.
Answer: P = 4; U = 2
1
1
Able to state the name of each phase of the cell division.

Answer:
Phase
Name of the phase
P
Anaphase I
Q
Metaphase I
R
Telophase I
S
Anaphase II
T
Prophase I
U
Telophase II
(6 correct=3m; 4-5 correct=2m; 2-3 correct=1m)
Able to state and explain the phase that brings about variation in
organism.
Answer: Phase T
Crossing-over occurs.
Exchange of genetic material / segment of chromatid between
members of homologous chromosomes.
Daughter cells have different gene combination.
(Any 2)
Able to explain the chromosomal behavior in stage P when Cell X is
treated with a type of chemical that retards the function of centrioles.
Sample answer:
The centrioles form spindle fibers to separate chromosomes
(during anaphase).
so the retarded centrioles will cause spindle fibres cannot be
formed.
(As a result) the chromosomes do not line up at equator //
metaphase cannot occur.
(Any 2)
Marks
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
TOTAL
MARKING SCHEME
12
4551
5
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
Question 4
No
(a) (i)
(ii)
Criteria
Able to name organ Q.
Answer: Stomach
Able to explain the process of food digestion in the stomach.

Sample answer:
The food digested in stomach is protein.
Stomach secrete gastric juices contain pepsin.
Pepsin hydrolyses protein to polypeptide.
1
1
1
Able to state two effects if the gastric glands in the stomach are
unable to produce hydrochloric acid.
Sample answer:
Bacteria in the food cannot be killed.
Cannot provide acidic medium for enzyme reaction
Pepsin inactive, so proteins are unable to be hydrolysed.
Renin is inactive, so protein in milk cannot be coagulated
// caseinogen unable to be transform into insoluble casein.
(Any 2)
(b)
Able to explain one difference between the foods that enters P

(oesophagus) and R (ileum).
Sample answer:
The food in R has less content of starch / protein / lipid (than in P).
// The food in R has higher content of glucose / amino acid / fatty
acid and glycerol (than in P).
Starch is broken down / hydrolysed into maltose by amylase / into
glucose by maltase / sucrase / lactase.
// Protein is broken down / hydrolysed into polypeptides / peptones
by pepsin / into peptides by trypsin / into amino acid by protease /
erepsin. // Lipid is broken down / hydrolysed into fatty acids and
glycerols by lipase.
(c)
(d) (i)
(ii)
Marks
Able to explain the absorption of proteins in the ileum.

Sample answer:
Amino acids are absorbed (by the villi).
by facilitated diffusion into blood capillaries.
// The remaining amino acids is absorbed by active transport.
Able to explain the importance of food digestion which enables
nutrients to be absorbed by the villi.
Sample answer:
Complex food material is digested into simpler form. // Protein is
hydrolysed / broken down into amino acids // Other examples.
Simpler molecules / amino acids / other examples are able to pass
through the plasma membrane of the villi.
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
TOTAL
MARKING SCHEME
12
4551
6
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
Question 5
No
(a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(d)
Criteria
Able to name process X and compound Y.
Answer:
Process X : Decomposition / decaying
Process Y : Nitrates
Marks
1
1
Able to Name the organic compound in plants.

Answer: Amino acids / protein
Able to describe the functions of the amino acids / protein in plants.

Sample answer:
Growth / build new cells / tissue repairs in plants.
Forms nucleic acid / chlorophyll / photosynthetic and respiration
enzyme / other examples.
Able to name the bacteria involved in the fixation of nitrogen in
nodules of a leguminous plant.
Answer: Rhizobium sp.
Able to name and explain the relationship between Rhizobium sp.
and the leguminous plant.
Sample answer:
Mutualism
Relationship / interaction between two spesies of organism which
live closely together and give benefit to both.
Able to relate the importance of nitrogen cycle in the growth of
rabbits.
Sample answer:
Provides nitrate / nitrogen (elements / compound)
Absorb by the plant to synthesise protein.
(When the rabbit eats the plant) the protein is transferred to the
rabbit to be used for producing plasma membrane / enzyme /
hormones / growth / build new cells / tissue repairs.
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
TOTAL
11
Question 6
No
(a)
Criteria
Able to state two differences between passive transport and active
transport.
Answer:
Passive transport
Active transport
Does not require energy
Require energy
Occurs down the

concentration gradient
Occurs against the

concentration gradient
MARKING SCHEME
Marks
1
1
4551

(b)
7
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
Able to explain what happen to the red blood cell after being
immersed in 3% of sodium chloride solution and 0.1% of sodium
chloride solution for half an hour.
Sample answer:
Red blood cell in 3% of sodium chloride solution:
3% sodium chloride solution is a hypertonic solution compare to
the cell.
Water diffuses out from the cell / red blood cell by osmosis.
The cell becomes flaccid / shrunken.
This is known as crenation.
Red blood cell in 0.1% of sodium chloride solution:
0.1% sodium chloride solution is a hypotonic solution compare to
the cell.
Water diffuses into the cell/ red blood cell by osmosis.
The cell becomes swollen and burst.
This is known as haemolysis
(c)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Able to describe what happen to the cell in each concentration of

sucrose solution.
Sample answer:
Plant cell in 17% of sucrose solution for 30 minutes:
The plant cell maintain its shape size
17% sucrose solution is isotonic to the concentration of the cell sap
in the plant cell
The rates of movement of water molecule in and out of the cell sap
in the plant cell
The size of the plant cell is maintained.
(Any 3)
Plant cell in 0.1% of sucrose solution for 30 minutes:
0.1% sucrose solution is hypotonic to the concentration of cell sap
of the plant cell
As a result, water molecules diffuse into the cell by osmosis
The vacuoles will expand, causing a pressure to be exerted on the
cell wall
The pressure causes the plant cell expands and become turgid.
(Any 3)
Plant cell in 30% of sucrose solution for 30 minutes:
30% sucrose solution is hypertonic to the concentration of cell sap
in the plant cell
As a result, water molecules diffuse out of the plant cell by osmosis
The vacuole becomes smaller, plasma membrane is pulled away
from the cell wall
The plant cell is plasmolysed and becomes flaccid.
(Any 3)
Plant cell in 0.1% of sucrose solution for 30 minutes:
0.1% sucrose solution is hypotonic to the concentration of cell sap
As a result, water molecules diffuse in the plant cell by osmosis
The cell undergoes deplasmolysis
The cell return to its normal condition.
(Any 3)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max
10
TOTAL
MARKING SCHEME
20
4551
8
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
Question 7
No
(a) (i)
(ii)
b (i)
Criteria
Able to explain the exchange of gases between tracheole and body
cell.
Sample answer:
Partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in the tracheole is higher
than partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in body cell .
Oxygen diffuse from tracheole to body cell
Partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in the body cell is
higher than partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in
tracheole .
Carbon dioxide diffuse from tracheole to body cell
Able to explain how the absent of chitin affect the process of
inhalation and energy production of the insect.
Sample answer:
The function of chitin is to prevent trachea from collapsing/sustain
the air pressure
During inhalation high pressure air moves into the trachea.
The absent of chitin will cause the trachea / P to collapse / burst /
rupture.
Air with oxygen cannot reach tracheal.
Body cell cannot get enough oxygen for cellular respiration
The insect does not produce enough energy and respire
anaerobically.
Less energy produced.
(Any 6)
Marks
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Able to compare and explain the respiration before and during

vigorous exercise.
Sample answer:
Before (A)
Aerobic
Respiration
During (B)
Anaerobic
Respiration
2
.
The
muscles are
in normal
condition
The muscles
are in the state
of oxygen debt
Before oxygen is
sufficient
During oxygen is
insufficient / oxygen
supplied is less than
oxygen supplied.
3
.
Energy
produced is
more/38
ATP
Energy
produced is
less / 2 ATP
Before complete break

down of glucose (produce
more energy)
During incomplete break
down of glucose (produce
less energy)
1
.
MARKING SCHEME
Explanation (E)
Before - oxygen intake is
low/the same as oxygen
required/enough oxygen
is supplied to the cell
During oxygen required
is more than oxygen
intake
4551

4
.
No/less
accumulatio
n of lactic
acid in the
muscles
9
MOZ@C
High
accumulation
of lactic acid in
the muscles
MARKING SCHEME
Before complete break

down of glucose produce
carbon dioxide and water
During Incomplete
breakdown of glucose
produce lactic acid
A + B = 1m
E=1m (Any one E)
Max = 8m
(b) (ii)
Able to explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the
normal level at the 25th minute.
Sample answer:
Lactic acid has been removed from the muscles
The lactic acid has been converted to energy/ convert to glucose
1
1
TOTAL
2
20
Question 8
No
(a)
Criteria
Able to state that the daily menu for the pregnant woman does not
provide a balanced diet.
Marks
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Able to evaluate the nutrients content and the effects of consuming

the foods in the menu correctly.
Criteria:
Food class / nutrients
Effects
Sample answer:
Pregnant woman:
Carbohydrate in fried rice / chicken rice / (fried) noodle
Protein in chicken drumstick / fried prawn
Vitamin C in apple / fruit juice / cucumber
Lipids in fried prawn / fried rice
Caffein in coffee
Water in apple / fruit juice / chicken soup
Excess sugar in carbonated drink / fruit juice with sugar
Lack of / No calcium
Lack of fibre
(Any 5)
Effects of nutrients intake:

Carbohydrate provides energy
Protein for the foetus growth / repairing the damaged tissue
Lipid provides energy
Vitamin C for a good skin / preventing scurvy
Caffein may increase the blood pressure
Excess sugar may lead to diabetis / hyperglysaemia
Lack of / no calcium will lead to osteoporosis / teeth problem
Lack of fibre may lead to constipation / defecaetion problem
Water for replacing the water loss during daily activities / any
suitable functions of water.
(Any 4)
MARKING SCHEME
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4551

(b) (i)
10
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
Able to write chemical equation of photosynthesis correctly.

Answer:
6 H2O + 6CO2
Light
1+1
C6H12O6 + 6O2
chlorophyll
6 H20 + 6CO2
C6H12O6
+ 6O2
Or equation is not balance.

(ii)
(c)
Able to define photosynthesis.

Sample answer:
Photosynthesis is a process where a leaf / green plant absorbs
carbon dioxide and water
to produce glucose and oxygen in the presence of chlorophyll and
light.
1
1
Able to describe how Hydrilla sp is able to obtain all the requirement

for photosynthesis.
Sample answer:
F
No stomata
Many small green leaves
Many fishes/ and aquatic
organism in the pond
Penetration of sunlight
Penetration of sunlight
E
Enables easy diffusion of
photosynthetic gases.
Contain a lot of chloroplast /
chlorophyll
Supply carbon dioxide through
respiration
Supply light
Increase temperature in water
(Any 6)
TOTAL
20
Question 9
No
(a)
Criteria
Able to explain how the use of inorganic fertilizer reduces the
population of aquatic organism.
Criteria P:
The effect of excessive inorganic fertilizer.
Explanation of europhication.
Sample answers :
Inorganic fertilisers / phosphates / nitrates from agricultural area
enter the river water.
Excess inorganic fertilizer will encourage the high rate of growth of
algae / blue green bacteria.
This causes an algal bloom
The algae increase in number and form a thick scum on the
surface of river.
Prevent the penetration of sunlight reaching the bottom of the
water.
MARKING SCHEME
Marks
1
1
1
1
1
4551
11
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
Alga and other aquatic organism in the bottom of the water cannot
do photosynthesis
The decomposition by aerobic bacteria of dead organic matter will
use up the dissolved oxygen
This will raise the BOD level.
Aquatic organism with low oxygen content will die.
The river water will be polluted.
(b)
1
1
1
1
1
10
Able to discuss the good and bad effects of this action on human and
the ecosystem.
Sample answers :
Good effect:
It can provide more space for another crop
It can increase the economic use of the land
It allow the crop to receives enough sunlight
More product will be produces.
It can reduces the possibility for the crop to be infected by insect /
pest.
So the crop can growth much healthier.
It can increase the consuming of water and nutrient
The crop will get enough nutrient
(Any 7)
Bad effect:
No windbreaker / shelter /niche for bird/small animal
No protection for the crop
Soil erosion
Roots of the plant will improve soil stability
(Any 3)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
TOTAL
MARKING SCHEME
20
4551
12
MOZ@C
MARKING SCHEME
PAPER 3
Question 1
1 (a) [KB0602 - Classifying]
Score
Criteria
Able to categorise all the materials and apparatus used in the experiment correctly.
3
Sample answer:
Material
Potato*
Hydrogen peroxide*
Hydrochloric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Distilled water
pH paper
Apparatus
Knife
Measuring cylinder*
Stopwatch
Able to categorise any 4 materials and any 2 apparatus into correctly.

(*compulsory)
Able to categorise 2 materials (*) and 1 apparatus (*) correctly.
1 (b) [KB0603 - Measuring Using Number]

Score
Criteria
Able
to
record
all
the
volume
of
bubbles
formed in each measuring cylinder
3
accurately with correct unit.
Answer:
P
Q
Q
Volume of bubbles
Volume of bubbles
Volume of bubbles
= 0 cm3
= 11.5 cm3
= 0 cm3
2
Able to record two readings (which include Q) accurately with correct unit.
Able to record any one reading accurately with correct unit.
1 (c) (i) [KB0601 - Observation]

Score
Criteria
Able to state any two observations correctly according to the criteria:
3
pH value
test tube
bubbles produce
Sample answers:
1. At pH 7 in test tube R, volume of bubbles produced in 5 minutes time is 11.5 cm3.
2. At pH 2 in test tube P, volume of bubbles produced in 5 minutes time is 0 cm3.
3. At pH 10 in test tubes Q, volume of bubbles produced in 5 minutes time is 0 cm3.
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2
13
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Able to state any one observation correctly.

or
Able to state any two incomplete observations ( any 2 criteria)
Sample answers:
1. pH affect the volume of bubbles formed.
2. The volume of bubbles formed depends on pH.
Able to state any one idea of observation (any 1 criterion)

Sample answers:
1. Bubbles formed in neutral pH.
2. No bubbles in test tube P / Q.
3. Rate of enzyme reaction is higher at pH 7.
4. Bubbles are produced when potatoes react with hydrogen peroxide.
1 (c) (ii) [KB0604 - Making inferences]

Score
Criteria
Able to make one logical inference for each observation based on the criteria:
3
pH
enzyme in potato
react with H2O2 producing oxygen
Sample answers:
1. Neutral medium is suitable for enzyme catalase in potato to react with hydrogen
peroxide and produce oxygen.
2. Acidic / alkali medium is not suitable for enzyme catalase in potato to react and
no oxygen is produced.
2
Able to make one logical inference for any one observation.

or
Able to make one logical and incomplete inference base on 2 criteria for each
observation.
Sample answers:
1. pH of the medium affects enzyme catalase in potato to react with hydrogen
peroxide and produce oxygen.
2. Acid / alkali medium is not suitable for enzyme reaction.
3. Neutral medium is suitable for enzyme reaction.
Able to make an idea of inference with one criterion.

Sample answers:
1. Reaction of enzyme is affected by pH.
2. Gas produced when the medium is suitable for enzyme reaction.
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14
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1 (d) (i) [KB0606 - Communicating]

Score
Criteria
Able to tabulate a table and fill in data accurately base on three criteria:
3
pH value
Volume of bubbles formed (cm3)
Rate of reaction (cm3 minute-1)
Sample answers:
pH value
2
7
10

(cm3)
0
11.5
0
Able to tabulate a table base on two criteria.
Able to Able to tabulate a table base on one criterion.
Rate of reaction
(cm3 minute-1)
0
2.3
0
1 (d) (ii) [KB0607 - Interpreting Data]

Score
Criteria
Able to explain clearly and accurately the relationship between the test tube
3
content and the volume of bubbles formed in Q, base on 3 criteria.
Test tube content
Explanation: Relationship between pH value / medium and the rate of reaction.
Sample answer:
1. The content of test tube Q is hydrogen peroxide, distilled water and potato cube,
at pH 7 / neutral the rate of reaction is the highest / optimum pH for enzyme
reaction which produces highest volume of bubbles / 11.5 cm3.
2
Able to state / explain clearly but less accurate the relationship base on 2 criteria.
Sample answers:
which produces highest volume of bubbles / 11.5 cm3.
at pH 7 / neutral the rate of reaction is the highest / optimum pH for enzyme
reaction.
3. At pH 7 / neutral the rate of reaction is the highest / optimum pH for enzyme
reaction which produces highest volume of bubbles / 11.5 cm3.
Able to state the idea of the relationship base on 2 criterion

Sample answer:
1. At pH 7 / neutral the rate of reaction is the highest / optimum pH for enzyme
reaction.
2. Test tube with hydrogen peroxide, distilled water and potato cube, produced
bubbles.
3. The volume of bubbles in pH 7 / neutral is 11.5 cm3.
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1 (e) (i) [KB061001 - Controling Variables]

Score
Criteria
Able to state all the variables and the method to handle the variables correctly.
3
Sample answers:
Variables
Manipulated variable:
pH (value of mediums) //
acidic, neutral and
alkaline mediums
Responding variable:
Volume of bubbles
formed //
The rate of reaction /
(catalase) enzyme action
Fixed variable:
Volume / concentration of
solutions / H2O2 / acid /
alkali / distilled water /
potato cube
Method to handle the variables

Three mediums of different pH are used //
Hydrochloric acid, distilled water and
sodium hydroxide solutions are used.
Observe / measure and record the volume
of bubble formed (in 5 minutes) by using a
measuring cylinder (and a stopwatch) //
Calculate the rate of reaction by dividing the
volume of bubble formed with time in cm3
minute-1 / using formula (show the formula)
Use 3.0 cm3 of H2O2 for all experiment //
Use 6.0 cm3 of acid, alkali and distilled
water //
Put 1 potato cube with size of 1.0 cm3 each
for all experiment
Able to state 4 - 5 of the variables and the method to handle the variables correctly.
Able to state 1 - 3 of the variables and the method to handle the variables correctly.
1 (e) (ii) [KB0611 - Making Hypothesis]

Score
Criteria
Able to state a hypothesis to show a relationship between the manipulated
3
variable and responding variable and the hypothesis can be validated, base on 3
criteria:
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
Relationship
Sample answers:
1. In neutral medium / pH 7 the reaction between the potato enzyme and H2O2
produces the highest volume of bubbles / the highest rate of reaction.
2. In acidic / alkali medium / pH 2 / pH 10 the potato enzyme will not react with H2O2
producing no bubbles.
2
Able to state less accurate hypothesis to show a relationship between manipulated

variable and responding variable base on 2 criteria.
Sample answers:
1. The pH affects the reaction of potato enzyme with H2O2 producing bubbles.
2. The bubbles produce by potatos enzyme reaction depends on different pH.
Able to state idea of hypothesis to show a relationship between manipulated

variable and responding variable base on 1 criterion.
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Sample answers:
1. pH medium affect the reaction.
2. Suitable pH causes the production of bubbles.
1 (f) [KB0608 - Space and Time Relationship]
Score
Criteria
Able to state clearly and accurately the relationship between the volume of bubbles
3
formed and the time in a medium of pH 7 base on criteria:
Time
Relationship
Sample answers:
1. In a medium of pH 7, the volume of bubbles formed in 5 minutes is 11.5 cm3.
2
Able to state clearly but less accurate the relationship between the volume of
bubbles formed and the time in a medium of pH 7 base on 2 criteria.
Sample answers:
1. In a medium of pH 7, the rate of reaction is 2.3 cm3 minute-1.
Able to state the idea of the relationship base on 2 criteria.

Sample answer:
1. Bubbles are formed in 5 minutes.
1 (g) [KB0609 - Define Operationally]

Score
Criteria
Able to state what an enzyme is base on experiment correctly according to the
3
criteria:
Chemical / substance / molecule / enzyme in potato
React with H2O2 which produce bubbles
Affected by pH
Sample answer:
1. Enzyme is a chemical in potato that able to react with H2O2 producing bubbles
and the reaction is affected by pH of the medium.
2. Enzyme in potato react with H2O2 producing bubbles and affected by pH.
2
Able to state what an enzyme is base on experiment less accurately according to 2

criteria.
Sample answers:
1. Enzyme react with H2O2 producing bubbles.
Able to state the idea of an enzyme or the theoretical definition of enzyme.

Sample answers:
1. Enzyme reacts with H2O2.
2. Enzyme in potato reacts to produce bubbles.
3. Enzyme is a biological catalyses that accelerate the reaction.
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17
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MARKING SCHEME
1 (h) [KB0605 - Predicting]

Score
Criteria
Able to predict and explain the observation accurately when 2 potato cubes 0.5 cm3
3
is used in measuring cylinder P.
Expected observation
Compare to which
Reason
Sample answer:
1. The volume of bubbles produce is 23 cm3 (any value between 11,5 - 23 cm3),
more than the experiment when using 1 potato cube (sized 1 cm3), because more
enzyme for the reaction / larger surface area of potato (in contact with H2O2).
2
Able to predict the result less accurately (2 criteria).

Sample answers:
1. The volume of bubbles produce is 23 cm3 (any value between 11,5 - 23 cm3),
more than the experiment when using 1 potato cube (sized 1 cm3).
2. The volume of bubbles produce is more than the experiment when using 1 potato
cube (sized 1 cm3), because more enzyme for the reaction / rate of reaction is
higher.
Able to give idea of the result.

Sample answers:
1. The volume of bubbles produce is 23 cm3.
2. The rate of reaction is higher.
MARKING SCHEME
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18
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Question 2
Problem Statement
Score
Criteria
3
Able to state the problem statement of the experiment correctly that include criteria:
Manipulate variables
Responding variables
Relation in question form and question symbol [?]
Sample answers:
1. Does orange juice contain higher amount / more vitamin C than papaya and
watermelon juices.
2. Which fruit juice has the highest amount of vitamin C?
3. What is the amount of vitamin C in orange, papaya and watermelon juices?
2
Able to state the problem statement of the experiment with two criteria.
Sample answers:
1. Do different fruit juices have different amount of vitamin C?
2. Does the content of vitamin C in fruit juices differ?
Able to state the of problem statement with one criteria.

Sample answers:
1. What is the amount of vitamin C in orange juice?
Aim
Score
Criteria
To determine the concentration / percentage of vitamin C in orange, papaya and
watermelon juices.
Hypothesis
Score
Criteria
3
Able to state the hypothesis correctly according to the criteria:
Manipulate variables
Responding variables
Relationship of the variables
Sample answers:
1. Orange juice has the highest concentration / percentage of vitamin C than
papaya and watermelon juices.
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2
19
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Able to state the hypothesis with two criteria

Sample answers:
1. The vitamin C content depends on types of fruit juice.
2. Different fruit juices have different amount of vitamin C
Able to state the idea of the hypothesis.

Sample answers:
1. Fruit juices have vitamin C.
Variables
Score
Criteria
Able to state the three variables correctly
Sample answers:
Manipulated variable: Fruit juices // orange, papaya and watermelon juices
Responding variable: Concentration / percentage of vitamin C
Fixed variable:
Volume DCPIP solution // Concentration of ascorbic acid.
Materials and Apparatus

Score
Criteria
3
Able to state all functional materials and apparatus / 2*materials + 1 other material
and 1*apparatus + 2 other apparatus for the experiment.
Materials: *Orange, papaya and watermelon juices, 0.1% ascorbic acid solution,
*DCPIP solution.
Apparatus: *Syringes with needles, beakers, test tubes / specimen tubes, gauze /
muslin cloth.
2
Able to state 2*materials and 1*apparatus + 1 other apparatus for the experiment.
Able to state 2*material and 1*apparatus for the experiment.
Technique
Score
Criteria
Able to state the action on responding variable with an apparatus / formula.
Bonus Sample answer:

Calculating and recording the concentration / percentage of vitamin C in fruit juices
1m
by using the following formula.
Concentration of Vitamin C = Volume of 0.1% ascorbic acid mg cm3
Volume of fruit juice
Or / Percentage of Vitamin C = Volume of 0.1% ascorbic acid x 0.1 %
Volume of fruit juice
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20
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Procedure
Score
Criteria
Able to state five procedures P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 correctly.
3
P1 : How to Set Up The Apparatus (3P1)
P2 : How to Keep Constant The Control Variable (2P2)

P3 : How to Manipulate The Manipulated Variable (1P3)
P4: How to Record The Responding Variable (1P4)
P5 : Precaution (1P5)
2
Able to state three of any procedures P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 correctly
Able to state two of any procedures P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 correctly
Example of Procedure:
1. Measure (1 cm3) of DCPIP by using a syringe and place in a test tube.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
P1
(1 cm3) P2
Fill a 5 cm3 syringe with (0.1%) ascorbic acid.
P1
(0.1%) P2
Place the needle of syringe into the DCPIP solution.
P5
Add the acid ascorbic solution,
P1
drop by drop into the DCPIP solution.
P5
Stir the mixture gently with the needle of the syringe.
P5
Add the acid ascorbic solution continuously until the DCPIP solution decolourise.
P1
Record the volume of acid ascorbic used.
P4
Repeat steps 1 to 7 by using orange juice, papaya juice and watermelon juice.
P3
Record the results in a table.
P4
Data
Score
Criteria
Able to tabulate the correct table with observations.
Bonus Sample answers:

Solution / Fruit juice
1m
Volume of solution / fruit

juice needed to decolourise
1 cm3 DCPIP solution (cm3)
Concentration / Percentage
of vitamin C in fruit juice
(mg cm3) / %
0.1% ascorbic acid

Orange juice
Papaya juice
Watermelon Juice
Conclusion
Score
Criteria
Able to rewrite the hypothesis correctly.
Sample answers:
Orange juice has the highest concentration / percentage of vitamin C than papaya
and watermelon juices. (Hypothesis is accepted).
MARKING SCHEME
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21
MOZ@C
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Planning the Experiment

Score
Criteria
3
Able to plan the experiment based on 7 9 ( ) of the following criteria:
Statement of identified problem
Objective of study
Variables
Statement of hypothesis
List of materials and apparatus
Technique used
Experimental procedures
Presentation of data
Conclusion
2
Able to plan the experiment based on 4 6 ( ) of the criteria.
Able to plan the experiment based on 1 3 ( ) of the criteria.
END OF MARKING SCHEME

MARKING SCHEME
4551

Peperiksaan Diagnostik Tahun 2008 Tingkatan Empat

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1

BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH

PEPERIKSAAN DIAGNOSTIK TAHUN 2008

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

This question paper consists of 50 questions.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 26 halaman bercetak.

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

Answer all questions

The following information refers to an organelle of a plant cell.

A membranous sac which occupies a large part of a mature plant cell.

Contains water, stored food, salt and waste materials.

Which of the labelled parts, A, B, C and D is the organelle?

The diagram shows an organelle of a cell.

Which process only occurs in this organelle?

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

The diagram shows a type of animal tissue.

What is the tissue?

Smooth muscle tissue

Skeletal muscle tissue

The diagram shows the process of feeding by Amoeba sp.

Which organelle is not involved in the process shown in the diagram ?

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

The table shows the characteristics of a plant tissue X.

Consists of companion cells

Contains sieve tubes

Which of the processes is related to the tissue X?

6. The diagram shows the structure of a plasma membrane.

The proteins labelled X and Y are

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

The diagram shows a sodium-potassium pump.

What process involves in the mechanism?

The cell shrinks

The plasma membrane crinkles up

What process experienced by the red blood cell?

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

9. Which process does not use energy released by respiration?

Passage of nerve impulses

Active transport of glucose into the villi

Formation of gametes in the gonads

Diffusion of oxygen across the alveolar surface

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

13. Which of the following shows the structure of a polysaccharide?

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

15. The diagram shows an action of an enzyme and a sucrose.

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

16. The diagram shows one of the structures of a protein.

Which compound is made up of this structure?

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

18. The figure shows a cell cycle of an organism.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of process X?

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

The diagram shows a cell of an organism.

What is the stage of cell division shown by the diagram.

The diagram shows several stages in mitosis.

What is the behaviour of chromosome in stage Y.

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

22. Which of the followings shows a stage in meiosis?

23. Which is an autotrophic organism?

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

24. The information shows the characteristic of a compound.

25. The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a human villus.

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

ATP and hydrogen are used