#05 Angeles, Airenz D.

___________________
#23 Fernando, Nathaniel Aaron B.
Reported

Date

Topic Number: 10

Manufacturing System &

Application of Materials
Manufacturing - a method of organizing production. Many types of
manufacturing systems are in place, including assembly lines, batch
production and computer-integrated manufacturing.
Materials
and
Manufacturing Engineering
it is a multidisciplinary
subject that builds on a
fundamental knowledge of
chemistry, physics, mechanics,
and
mathematics.
The
interplay between product
processes

properties

performance materials plays

a key role for the MSc
programme in Materials and
Manufacturing
Engineering.
The purpose of the MSc
programme
is
to
enable
students to solve engineering problems based on appropriate selection of
materials and processing methods for hi-tech components and products.
With this motivation, the education in Materials and Manufacturing
Engineering provides not just theoretical curiosity-driven knowledge, but
rather is application-oriented with focus on the case-specific interrelation
between i) process technologies for manufacturing and post-manufacturing
treatments of high-tech products, ii) required properties of a certain product,
iii) performance of a product under operating conditions and iv) the internal
structure of the materials the product is made of.

Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) a manufacturing system in

which there is some amount of flexibility that allows the system to react in
case of changes, whether predicted or unpredicted.

Flexibility can be defined as:

1. Machine flexibility - The different operation types that a machine can
perform.
2. Material handling flexibility - The ability to move the products within a
manufacturing facility.
3. Operation flexibility - The ability to produce a product in different ways.
4. Process flexibility - The set of products that the system can produce.
5. Product flexibility - The ability to add new products in the system.
6. Routing flexibility - The different routes (through machines and
workshops) that can be used to produce a product in the system.
7. Volume flexibility - The ease to profitably changes the output of an
existing system. At firm level, it is the ability to operate profitably at
different output levels. Firms often use volume flexibility as a benchmark
to assess their performance vis--vis their competitors.
8. Expansion flexibility - The ability to build out the capacity of a system.
9. Program flexibility - The ability to run a system automatically.
10. Production flexibility - The number of products a system currently
can produce.
11. Market flexibility - The ability of the system to adapt to market
demands.
Advantages

Reduced manufacturing cost

Lower cost per unit produced,
Greater labor productivity,
Greater machine efficiency,
Improved quality,
Increased system reliability,
Reduced parts inventories,
Adaptability to CAD/CAM
operations.

Shorter lead times

Disadvantages

Cost to implement,
Substantial pre-planning
Requirement of skilled labor
Complicated system

Computer-integrated manufacturing

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the manufacturing approach of

using computers to control the entire production process. This integration
allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and
initiate actions. Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be
faster and less error-prone, although the main advantage is the ability to
create automated manufacturing processes. Typically CIM relies on closedloop control processes, based on real-time input from sensors. It is also
known as flexible design and manufacturing.

There are three major challenges to development of a smoothly operating

computer-integrated manufacturing system:

Integration of components from different suppliers:

When different machines, such as CNC, conveyors and robots, are using
different communications protocols (In the case of AGVs, even differing
lengths of time for charging the batteries) may cause problems.

Data integrity:

The higher the degree of automation, the more critical is the integrity of the
data used to control the machines. While the CIM system saves on labor of
operating the machines, it requires extra human labor in ensuring that there
are proper safeguards for the data signals that are used to control the
machines.

Process control:

Computers may be used to assist the human operators of the manufacturing

facility, but there must always be a competent engineer on hand to handle
circumstances which could not be foreseen by the designers of the control
software.

Sources:

 Hary Gunarto, An Industrial FMS Communication Protocol, UMI (Univ.

Microfilms International), Ann Arbor, Michigan, 160 pp, 1988
Browne, J. et al. "Classification of flexible manufacturing systems", The
FMS Magazine 1984 April, 114-117.
Sethi, A.K. and Sethi, S.P. "Flexibility in Manufacturing: A survey", The
International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems 1990 2, 289328.
Kalpakjian, Serope; Schmid, Steven (2006), Manufacturing engineering and
technology (5th ed.), Prentice Hall, p. 1192
Waldner, Jean-Baptiste (September 1992). Principles of Computer-Integrated
Manufacturing. London: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 128p132