RANPAR 1

RN 3163-40A
Nokia Siemens Networks

Nokia Siemens Networks

RN31631EN40GLA0

Course Objectives

Nokia Siemens Networks

Explain how NSN RRM is working, what is

measured, when & where

Describe the purpose of each RRM functional

entities

Identify the relations between different RRM

functional entities

Describe the parameter database structure

Describe the main RRM parameters

RN31631EN40GLA0

Course Content
Radio Resource Management Overview
Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling
Handover Control
Resource Manager
HSDPA basics & RRM
HSUPA basics & RRM
HSPA+ features (Overview)

Nokia Siemens Networks

RN31631EN40GLA0

Radio Resource Management (RRM) Overview:

Module Objectives

At the end of the module you will be able to:

Describe the purpose of RRM
List the RRM functional entities
Describe the purpose of each RRM functional entity

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RN31631EN40GLA0

Radio Resource Management

Radio Resource Management (RRM) is responsible for optimal
utilization of the air interface resources
Target for RRM is to ensure the RAN offers:

The planned coverage for each targeted service

High capacity i.e. low blocking (new calls, handovers)
The required Quality of Service (QoS)
Optimize the use of available capacity (priorities)

By continuously monitoring/adjusting how the available resources are used in

accordance with user requests
Link Quality

Cell Capacity

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RN31631EN40GLA0

RRM

Cell Coverage

RRM Tasks
Overload

Predict the impact on interference (power) of

the admitting a new user for UL & DL

Load Target

Perform appropriate actions (e.g. new call

admissions, bitrate increase/decrease etc.) in
accordance with prevailing load conditions
Provide different quality of service for real
time (RT) and non-real time (NRT) users
Take appropriate corrective actions when the
different cell load thresholds are exceeded in
order to maintain cell stability (i.e. load
control)

Overload Margin

Power

RRM must be able to:

Time
Estimated capacity
for NRT traffic
Measured load caused
by non-controllable load
(RT)

RT services must have higher quality assurance than NRT

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RRM Functional Split

RRM is made up of a number of closely interdependent functions (i.e. algorithms)
These functions can be divided into;

Cell Based

LC

Load Control (LC)

Admission Control (AC)

PS

RM

AC

Packet Scheduling (PS)

Resource Manager (RM)

Cell based functions

Connection Based
Handover Control (HC)
Power Control (PC)

PC
HC
Connection based functions

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RN31631EN40GLA0

Power Control PC
WCDMA systems are interference limited; therefore, it is beneficial to reduce
transmission power as far as possible (without violating the required quality).
Thus, the target of PC is to achieve the min. SIR that is required to offer
sufficient quality of the connection.
PC works on a per-connection basis.

MS

BTS

RNC

Power Control

Power Control
Load Control

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RN31631EN40GLA0

Power Control
Handover Control
Admission Control
Load Control
Packet Scheduler

Load Control functions

The load control function within RRM can be divided:
Preventative load control (e.g. congestion)
Overload control (e.g. dropping of calls in worst case)

Preventative actions are performed before the cell is overloaded (threshold y)

Overload actions are performed after cell is overloaded (threshold x)
RNP parameters define the thresholds for the RRM functionalities

The thresholds define a stable functionality within a cell & with surrounding cells
Overload Control
Preventative Load Control

Estimated capacity for

NRT traffic.

Power

Overload
threshold x
Load Target
threshold y

Measured load caused by

non-controllable load (RT)
Time

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Load Control LC
Load change
info

Load status

NRT load

LC

AC
PS

LC performs the function of load control in association with Admission Control AC &
Packet Scheduling PS
Updates load status using measurements & estimations provided by AC & PS
Continuously feeds cell load information to PS & AC:
Interference levels
BTS power levels
Non-controllable load

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Load differentiation:
Total load =
Controllable load +
Semi-controllable load +
Non-controllable load
RN31631EN40GLA0

Admission Control AC
Checks that admitting a new user will not sacrifice planned
coverage or quality of existing connections

Grant

Determines whether RABs or RRC connections can be

admitted
Handles RT RABs by estimating the increase in non-controllable load
In the decision UL interference & DL power measurements by BTS
are used
Since RAS06 the UL throughput is considered for AC, too
UL & DL admission conditions must both be fulfilled to admit a new
call or modified existing call

Provides RLC parameters to PS for NRT users, e.g.

Bearer class
Transport Formats

AC sets quality and power parameters for the radio link, e.g.:
UL/DL BLER, Eb/No targets, SIR target
Initial DL transmission power

AC takes place in the RNC

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RN31631EN40GLA0

Admission
Decision

Reject

Packet Scheduler PS

12

power
Packet Scheduler in RNC schedules
Overload threshold
radio resources for both UL & DL R99
Target threshold
NRT RABs
Scheduling period defined by RNP
parameters
PS relies on up-to-date information from
Total Load
AC & LC
controllable load
Capacity allocated on a needs basis
non-controllable load
time
using best effort approach
PS allocation times need to be fast to accommodate changing conditions &
accurate (up-to-date load info)
Capacity requests sent via traffic volume measurement reports (governed by
RNP parameters)
PS comprises two parts: UE specific & Cell specific
HSDPA & HSUPA resources are scheduled by the Node B

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Handover Control HC
HC is responsible for:
Managing the mobility aspects of an RRC connection as UE moves around network
Maintaining connection quality by ensuring UE is always served by the best cell
saving capacity

Intra-Frequency Handovers
Softer/Soft Handover

UE simultaneously connected to multiple

cells from same/different Node Bs

Mobile Evaluated Handover MEHO

Hard Handover

when Inter-RNC SHO is not possible

(Iur not supported or Iur congestion)

in case of HSDPA

WCDMA F1

WCDMA F1

WCDMA F2

WCDMA F1

WCDMA F2

WCDMA F1

Inter-Frequency Handover
can be Intra-BS, Intra-RNC or Inter-RNC
Network Evaluated Handover NEHO
GSM/LTE

Inter-RAT Handover
Handovers between WCDMA and GSM, LTE or WLAN
Network Evaluated Handover NEHO

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WCDMA

GSM/LTE

Resource Manager RM
Responsible for managing the logical radio resources of the RNC in co-operation with
AC and PS
On request for resources, from either AC(RT) or PS(NRT), RM allocates:
DL Channelization Code
UL Scrambling Code
Code Type

Uplink

Downlink

Scrambling codes

User separation

Cell separation

Channelization codes

Data & control channels from same UE

Users within one cell

Cares about code tree management (to maintain orthogonality);

Initial code selection codes concentrated to same branch
Code de-fragmentation dynamic reallocation of codes as users enter/leave system

DL spreading code allocation for HSDPA users can be dynamic from RAS06 on

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RN31631EN40GLA0

Channel quality
(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)

Instantaneous EsNo [dB]

HSDPA - general principle

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2

16QAM3/4

Data

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Time [number of TTIs]

16QAM2/4
QPSK3/4
QPSK2/4
QPSK1/4

UE1

Channel quality
(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)

Data

New WBTS functions:

Fast HARQ retransmissions
Fast Adaptive Modulation & Coding
Fast Packet data scheduling (short TTI)

UE2
Users may be time and/or code multiplexed
Fast scheduling is done directly in Node-B based on feedback information from UE and knowledge
of current traffic state.
Hard Handover only
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HSUPA / Comparing HSUPA to R99 and HSDPA

HSUPA is 3GPP Rel6 Enhanced FDD Uplink
main characteristics:
Peak Rates up to 5.76 Mbps with QPSK
Up to 11.5Mbps with 16QAM (RU30)

E-DCH

Fast WBTS Packet Scheduling

Fast L1 HARQ algorithms
Fast Link Adaptation

Rel99
DCH

Rel5
HSDPA

Rel6
HSUPA

Var. spreading factor

Fast power control

Adaptive modulation

WBTS based scheduling

Fast L1 HARQ

Soft Handover

TTI length [ms]

80,40,20,10

10,2

Feature

2ms or 10ms TTI periods

Soft Handover

SF down to SF = 2

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HSPA+ Improvements
Improving the DL peak rates, cell throughput & spectrum efficiency:
64QAM: Enhanced HSDPA Modulation
MIMO: Intelligent Multi-Antenna Systems
DC-HSDPA: Dual-Carrier/Cell Transmission

RU20

Improving the cell throughput & spectrum efficiency:

DL Flexible RLC
Continuous Packet Connectivity
CS Voice over HSPA

DL Peak Rates up to: 21/28/42 Mbps

UL Peak Rates up to: 5.8 Mbps

DL Peak Rates up to: 42 Mbps

UL Peak Rates up to: 11 Mbps

General Improvements:
Fast Dormancy
Multi-Band Load Balancing MBLB
High Speed Cell_FACH (DL)

HSUPA Improvements:
HSUPA 11Mbps (16QAM)
Frequency Domain Equalizer
HSUPA Interference Cancellation
Receiver

RU30

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RN31631EN40GLA0

HSPA+ Improvements
HSDPA Improvements:
DC-HSDPA + 64QAM + MIMO (84Mbps)
Dual Band HSDPA (42 Mbps)

RU40

General Improvements:
High Speed Cell_FACH (DL+UL)
Smart LTE Layering
Application Aware RAN

DL Peak Rates up to: 84 Mbps

UL Peak Rates up to: 11 Mbps

DL Peak Rates up to: 168 Mbps

UL Peak Rates up to: 23 Mbps

HSDPA Improvements:
MC-HSDPA (168 Mbps)
HSDPA Multiflow

General Improvements:
Measurement based LTE Layering
Conversational QoS for VoIP
RAN Optimized Content Delivery
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HSUPA Improvements:
DC-HSUPA (23 Mbps)

RU50
under planning